The village was given a mandate by Law No. 6 of 2014 to manage the government
and various natural resources owned, including financial management. In managing
Village Poo finances, the village head is required to collaborate with the village
council to participate in carrying out the supervision function of village funds as
instructed by the Village Law. This study uses the socio-legal method in reviewing the
supervisory functions possessed by Village Poo village legislature. This study shows
that the village council supervision function of Village Poo's financial management
has not gone well because there are still technical village management officials
appointed directly by the village head
01 2018 matra pembaharuan implementation of allocation of village fundsTaufiqurokhmanTaufiq
The document discusses the implementation of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Ngombakan Village, Indonesia. It finds that while ADD management was largely accountable, transparent and participatory, there were some technical obstacles. Specifically, 1) the lack of a regional regulation on ADD allocation and management led to delays in ADD reporting; and 2) low education and skills among village officials posed challenges for financial administration. The study aims to evaluate how ADD strengthened local institutions and development programs to achieve good governance principles.
Federal Provinces of Nepal (Grade:10) Unit 1.4sharadnp
1. The document discusses the seven provinces of Nepal that were created according to the 2015 constitution.
2. It provides details on the geography, resources, and leadership of Provinces 1-4, including their chief ministers.
3. Key information includes the major rivers and mountains in each province, main industries, and potential for hydropower and tourism development.
The document discusses the seven federal provinces of Nepal established under the new constitution of Nepal in 2015. It provides details on the geography, population, economy, and key features of each province. The provinces were created based on geographical, resource, and economic factors but may vary in strengths. Each province is governed by a chief minister and faces its own development challenges given differences in terrain, access to infrastructure, and socioeconomic conditions of inhabitants.
Research on the Development of Rural Collective Economy: The Case of Chun'anDr. Amarjeet Singh
The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in the new era is the overall starting point for doing a good job in the "three rural" work. Research on the development of the rural collective economy has promoted the overall upgrading of agriculture, the overall progress of the countryside, and the overall development of farmers. It has promoted the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. It is also the focus and difficulty of rural grassroots construction. This paper analyzes the development status of the rural collective economy in Mochuan Village, Chun'an County, uses the operating income data of Mochuan Village from 2014 to 2019, uses statistical analysis methods to explore the existing problems and their causes, and manages different subjects and agricultural production from rural society From the two perspectives of the elements, the countermeasures for the development of the rural collective economy are proposed.
This document discusses planning for a socio-economic survey database. It recommends gathering required information, identifying key objects and their relationships, and the types of data needed for each object. Careful planning of the database design on paper first can save time and money by clarifying the needed data, reports, and appropriate database product before implementation. An effective plan will cover executive summary, implementation steps, hardware/software needs, staffing, training, data flow, chosen database, and responsibilities for building and maintaining the database.
The document summarizes the socio-economic status of rural Indian society. It describes how rural Indians typically have low socio-economic status due to factors like excessive dependence on nature for agriculture, small land holdings, low capital investment, high poverty rates, and lack of basic infrastructure and education. These characteristics contribute to issues such as low productivity, high vulnerability to economic shocks, and difficulty developing skills needed for a modern economy. Improving rural socio-economic conditions is important for overall development in India given that over half the population and workforce remains in rural areas dependent on agriculture and related activities.
The document summarizes the findings of a socio-economic survey conducted by B.Ed students in Kotni Village. Key findings include:
1) Most villagers reside in kutcha houses and depend on agriculture for livelihood. Drinking water availability and sanitation were identified as issues.
2) Common occupations are farming and daily wage labor. Villagers lack access to healthcare and education beyond middle school.
3) Suggestions to improve the village include expanding educational facilities, promoting new farming technologies, improving infrastructure like roads, drainage and electricity access.
4) While villagers are satisfied with their lifestyle, cooperation is needed from local administration to address deficiencies in basic amenities.
Poverty alleviation at the grass root level, self-help groups (SHGs) as an in...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
Orissa is endowed with rich natural resources in the form of vast mineral deposits, forest, fertile land, plentiful surface and ground water resources, long coast line, and picturesque tourist potential. But, such resources have not been exploited adequately for income generation activities. As a result, Orissa ranks very low among the Indian states in terms of per capita income, and it has become one of the poorest states of the country. Large proportion of people in the state have very poor living conditions. As per an estimate, among the fifteen major states of India, the position of Orissa with regard to living conditions or standard of living is fourteenth (Behera and Mitra: 1996). So, it becomes necessary to examine the poverty scenario and the formation SHGs in reducing the poverty.
01 2018 matra pembaharuan implementation of allocation of village fundsTaufiqurokhmanTaufiq
The document discusses the implementation of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Ngombakan Village, Indonesia. It finds that while ADD management was largely accountable, transparent and participatory, there were some technical obstacles. Specifically, 1) the lack of a regional regulation on ADD allocation and management led to delays in ADD reporting; and 2) low education and skills among village officials posed challenges for financial administration. The study aims to evaluate how ADD strengthened local institutions and development programs to achieve good governance principles.
Federal Provinces of Nepal (Grade:10) Unit 1.4sharadnp
1. The document discusses the seven provinces of Nepal that were created according to the 2015 constitution.
2. It provides details on the geography, resources, and leadership of Provinces 1-4, including their chief ministers.
3. Key information includes the major rivers and mountains in each province, main industries, and potential for hydropower and tourism development.
The document discusses the seven federal provinces of Nepal established under the new constitution of Nepal in 2015. It provides details on the geography, population, economy, and key features of each province. The provinces were created based on geographical, resource, and economic factors but may vary in strengths. Each province is governed by a chief minister and faces its own development challenges given differences in terrain, access to infrastructure, and socioeconomic conditions of inhabitants.
Research on the Development of Rural Collective Economy: The Case of Chun'anDr. Amarjeet Singh
The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in the new era is the overall starting point for doing a good job in the "three rural" work. Research on the development of the rural collective economy has promoted the overall upgrading of agriculture, the overall progress of the countryside, and the overall development of farmers. It has promoted the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. It is also the focus and difficulty of rural grassroots construction. This paper analyzes the development status of the rural collective economy in Mochuan Village, Chun'an County, uses the operating income data of Mochuan Village from 2014 to 2019, uses statistical analysis methods to explore the existing problems and their causes, and manages different subjects and agricultural production from rural society From the two perspectives of the elements, the countermeasures for the development of the rural collective economy are proposed.
This document discusses planning for a socio-economic survey database. It recommends gathering required information, identifying key objects and their relationships, and the types of data needed for each object. Careful planning of the database design on paper first can save time and money by clarifying the needed data, reports, and appropriate database product before implementation. An effective plan will cover executive summary, implementation steps, hardware/software needs, staffing, training, data flow, chosen database, and responsibilities for building and maintaining the database.
The document summarizes the socio-economic status of rural Indian society. It describes how rural Indians typically have low socio-economic status due to factors like excessive dependence on nature for agriculture, small land holdings, low capital investment, high poverty rates, and lack of basic infrastructure and education. These characteristics contribute to issues such as low productivity, high vulnerability to economic shocks, and difficulty developing skills needed for a modern economy. Improving rural socio-economic conditions is important for overall development in India given that over half the population and workforce remains in rural areas dependent on agriculture and related activities.
The document summarizes the findings of a socio-economic survey conducted by B.Ed students in Kotni Village. Key findings include:
1) Most villagers reside in kutcha houses and depend on agriculture for livelihood. Drinking water availability and sanitation were identified as issues.
2) Common occupations are farming and daily wage labor. Villagers lack access to healthcare and education beyond middle school.
3) Suggestions to improve the village include expanding educational facilities, promoting new farming technologies, improving infrastructure like roads, drainage and electricity access.
4) While villagers are satisfied with their lifestyle, cooperation is needed from local administration to address deficiencies in basic amenities.
Poverty alleviation at the grass root level, self-help groups (SHGs) as an in...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
Orissa is endowed with rich natural resources in the form of vast mineral deposits, forest, fertile land, plentiful surface and ground water resources, long coast line, and picturesque tourist potential. But, such resources have not been exploited adequately for income generation activities. As a result, Orissa ranks very low among the Indian states in terms of per capita income, and it has become one of the poorest states of the country. Large proportion of people in the state have very poor living conditions. As per an estimate, among the fifteen major states of India, the position of Orissa with regard to living conditions or standard of living is fourteenth (Behera and Mitra: 1996). So, it becomes necessary to examine the poverty scenario and the formation SHGs in reducing the poverty.
Women’s Contribution as Intermediary Traders to Family Income in Southeast Bu...AI Publications
Southeast Buku Village is located in Belang District, Southeast Minahasa Regency where some of the residents in this village make a living as a fresh fish intermediary trader. In general, those who carry out activities as intermediary traders are men or husbands because sometimes they have to work at night. However, there is one thing that is different in this Southeast Buku Village, namely that women who carry out activities as middlemen are women. Some of the housewives who live in this Southeast Buku Village are women with multiple professions, namely apart from working as housewives at home, they also work as traders of fresh fish to help their husbands increase family income. This profession has been carried out by some women in the Southeast Buku Village. This study aims to examine and determine the role of the wife as a housewife and as an intermediary trader as well as to analyze the income of women as intermediary traders in Southeast Buku Village, and to determine the contribution of women's income as intermediary traders to family income. The data obtained will be processed and analyzed descriptively qualitatively and descriptively quantitatively. Qualitative descriptive analysis is used to provide discussions of qualitative data related to existing theories. The results of the analysis show that the domestic role is the role that a wife should do such as cooking, washing, sweeping, etc. A woman middleman in Southeast Buku Village spends 5 hours a day. While the role of the public, namely work outside the home such as being an intermediary trader, spends 6 hours a day. The results of the analysis also found that the contribution of women's income to family income was 49.42%. This shows that women as intermediary traders contribute enough to the total family income in meeting family needs.
This document discusses rural development and related issues. It defines rural development as a process aimed at improving the well-being and livelihoods of rural communities through collective efforts. The objectives of rural development include improving farm productivity, health, education, and village infrastructure. Some key problems in rural development are people's traditional mindsets, lack of education, insufficient infrastructure like water and electricity, economic challenges like high input costs, and administrative issues like political interference.
In this presentation i am showing the role of gram panchayat in three aspects, i.e MGNREGA,Public health and literacy programe as the social welfare programms.
The Existence of Coastal Community Culture during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Si...AI Publications
The profile of coastal communities in various places in Indonesia is always described by showing their distinctive characteristics, such as poor villages, low formal education, lack of human resources, poor residential and health conditions, and lack of access to the use of socio-economic facilities and infrastructure. financial institutions (cooperatives, banks), transportation and communication, and other physical. This profile looks inversely proportional to the socio-economic potential of coastal resources. This study aims to see and reveal the cultural existence of coastal communities during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sinonsayang District, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The method used is descriptive method. Data collection was carried out by direct observation of the object that became the research objective, then interviews were carried out using the help of a questionnaire. Based on the results of research conducted on the Cultural Existence of Coastal Communities in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period in Sinonsayang District (Aergale Village and Blongko Village), it shows that culture according to the gender system is not concerned with the division of its roles in activities on land and activities at sea. Fishermen and fishermen's wives will help each other voluntarily. According to patron-client culture, it occurs because of the urgent economic interests between traditional fishermen and fisherman bosses, while socially there is harmony between communities when someone is sick and when they are sad. Local culture in the exploitation of fishery resources still uses the calculation of the moon in the sky and the distribution of fishing seasons according to the way of fishermen from the Sangihe area. Culture according to social leadership is known to have two, namely the existence of religious leaders and community leaders, each of which has a role to lead and protect the community. In this time of the covid-19 pandemic, all of the above cultures continue to do as they have been from the past, only the culture of coastal communities which usually have to involve many people with large expenditures, is currently not being implemented.
The document discusses rural development in India. It notes that over two-thirds of India's population depends on agriculture and one-third of rural India lives in poverty. Rural development aims to improve living conditions in rural areas through agriculture development and other initiatives. Key challenges include developing human resources, infrastructure, and alleviating poverty. The document also discusses rural credit needs and sources, initiatives like rural marketing and diversification into animal husbandry, fisheries, horticulture and organic farming to generate additional income in rural areas.
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMEROHANRohan23
This document discusses several key rural development programs and schemes run by the Indian government. It begins with providing context on the importance of agriculture and rural development in India given that a majority of the population lives in rural areas and depends on agriculture. It then summarizes the objectives and key aspects of various central government schemes related to rural employment guarantee, rural connectivity, education, health, livelihoods, social security, housing and rural infrastructure development. The overall aim of these schemes is to improve livelihood opportunities and quality of life in rural India.
Urban governance in vidyavihar research methodologyDrishti Rai
7
The document provides information on a survey conducted with 10 residents of Central Railway Quarters in Vidyavihar, Mumbai to understand their perspectives on urban governance and initiatives by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM).
6
Good
5
Average
4
Poor
3
The survey collected demographic details of respondents and asked questions related to physical and social infrastructure in their area. For physical infrastructure, roads received the highest average rating of 36% while availability of parking was rated the lowest at 26%. For social infrastructure, supply of electricity received the highest rating of 62% while quality of education in municipal schools was rated the lowest at 32%.
2
This document discusses definitions and objectives of rural development. It defines rural development as a process leading to sustainable improvement in the quality of life of rural people, especially the poor. The main objectives of rural development programs are improving living standards by utilizing natural and human resources, developing agriculture and industries, and building socio-economic infrastructure and community services. Key aspects of rural development include increasing production, providing social and physical infrastructure, and ensuring people's participation.
STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL VILLAGE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (BUMDES) AS...IAEME Publication
Village development including coastal village development is part of a series of
national development. Village development is intended to improve the quality of life
and welfare of the community. The efforts of village development especially coastal
village can be carried out by utilizing village potential through Village Owned
Enterprises (BUMDes). The aim of the study was to analyze the condition of Village-
Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in coastal areas and determine the policy direction for
the development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). The research method uses
quantitative and qualitative approaches with the aim of identifying the condition of
Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) and the direction of policy for their
development. The data analysis method used is the method of analysis of Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). The results of the study indicate that
coastal Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) are in the third quadrant position so
that the policy direction for the development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes)
tends to improve and increase the Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) institutions,
cooperation in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) business activities, and
increase supporting facilities for Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes).
Gender Analysis on Efficiency of Pelagic Fish Marketing Chain in Bulawan II V...AI Publications
The purpose of this study is to identify, and examine gender in the pelagic fish marketing value chain, then analyze gender differences in the pelagic fish marketing value chain in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research is expected to provide information and knowledge about gender roles and the impact of inequality on the marketing chain of pelagic fish in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, where women as fishermen's wives have many limitations in terms of skills caused by various obstacles, including lack of knowledge. , so that the interest in self-development is hindered by the inability to think innovatively. This research was conducted in the village of Bulawan II, Kotabunan District using a survey method. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling on fishermen's families, specifically husbands and wives of fishermen. The data collected includes primary data and secondary data, where primary data is obtained through observation, direct interviews by filling out structured questionnaires. Analysis of research data, namely descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis by making a systematic, factual and accurate description of the facts, characteristics and relationships of the phenomena studied objectively. The results of this study indicate that there are gender differences in each pelagic fish marketing value chain ranging from fishermen, village petibo traders, urban petibo traders to retailers and the role of men is more in jobs that require extra labor, while women play an important role in work. light.
Rural areas are separately settled places away from large cities characterized by lower population density and engagement in primary industries like agriculture. A rural community has a sense of unity and religion plays an important role in village life. Rural lifestyles differ from urban ones in having limited services, public transport, and utilities. Rural development aims to improve the economic and social conditions of rural poor through collective efforts and generation of employment in farm, storage, and other economic activities while also developing infrastructure, health, education, and living conditions. It faces various challenges including traditional mindsets, lack of education, inadequate infrastructure, and economic and leadership problems. Rural development is important for India to develop rural areas holistically and empower communities.
The document summarizes the evolution of the national extension system in India after independence. It discusses the initial community development projects launched in 1952 to strengthen rural development. This was followed by the establishment of community development blocks in 1954 and panchayati raj system in 1957, which institutionalized democratic decentralization through a three-tier system of governance at the village, block and district levels. The document outlines the functions and organizational structure of gram panchayats, panchayat samitis and zilla parishads under the panchayati raj system.
This document discusses rural areas in India based on 2011 census data. Some key points:
- Approximately 70% of Indians, or 83.3 crore people, live in rural areas according to the 2011 census.
- The proportion of rural population declined from 72.19% in 2001 to 68.84% in 2011 as urbanization increased.
- Uttar Pradesh has the highest rural population at 15.5 crore people while Mumbai has the highest urban population at 5 crore people.
- Rural areas are defined as places with a population less than 5,000, density less than 400/sq km, and over 25% of males working in agriculture. Agriculture is the main livelihood
The document summarizes the administrative organization and constitution of district panchayats, block panchayats, and gram panchayats in India. It outlines the composition, functions, sources of income, and organization of each tier of local government. District panchayats are at the apex level and oversee multiple block panchayats. Block panchayats are the intermediate tier and oversee multiple gram panchayats, which constitute the lowest and most local level of governance at the village level. Key functions of each include rural development planning, infrastructure projects, education, healthcare, welfare programs, and implementing central and state government schemes.
PROPOSAL FOR VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT / VILLAGE ADAPTION - FOUNDATION JPSFoundation JPS
Foundation JPS proposed a Proposal for Village Adaption / Village Development porogram for the CSR activities to ensure every village of India should have basic facility like Sanitation, Pure Water, Electricity, Health awareness, Good Education and equality of each and every person of the village.
Shake hand with Foundation JPS CSR Program Implementation partner of Many PSU / Govt. Organizations like HIMCON, HARDICON etc.
Urban governance in mulund research methodologyDrishti Rai
The document is a study on urban governance in Mumbai that includes an introduction and review of literature on the topic. The introduction discusses the importance of infrastructure for citizens in Mumbai and issues with the Municipal Corporation's management of infrastructure projects. It notes that while the Municipal Corporation undertakes initiatives, corruption leads to failed or deteriorated infrastructure. The review of literature summarizes several sources that discuss issues with urban governance in Mumbai like affordable housing, management of infrastructure demands, and analysis of governance in Mumbai's wastewater and sanitation sector. The objective of the study is to understand citizen views on the Municipal Corporation's work and gather suggestions.
This document discusses rural development, defining it as a process aimed at improving the well-being and livelihoods of rural communities. It notes several key aspects of rural development including poverty reduction, basic infrastructure and services, employment generation, and transitioning rural communities from traditional to progressive ways of living. The document also outlines various approaches, objectives, policies, components, and strategies for rural development in India with a focus on economic, social, and human capital development.
The document discusses a training program for panchayat members in Rajasthan. It provides details on the content, delivery, and evaluation of the program. Some key points:
- A 2-week training program was conducted in 2008 to teach basic managerial skills like finance, governance, communication and decision making.
- The training was delivered in Hindi and covered all 36 districts of Rajasthan.
- An evaluation 8 months later found that while reception was good, many women lacked understanding due to inability to read Hindi.
- Recommendations were made to address language barriers and tailor future programs accordingly.
The document discusses model villages in India and the Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana scheme. It provides examples of three model villages - Hiware Bazaar in Maharashtra, Punsari in Gujarat, and Ankapoor in Telangana - that have achieved holistic development through community participation across sectors like agriculture, water management, and tourism. The scheme aims to involve MPs in developing selected villages in their constituencies in an integrated manner by leveraging existing government programs and other resources.
The purpose of this study is to know the sociology of farming farmer’s cassava in
Muting District. Research needs to be done because by knowing the pattern and life
expectancy of the community at the village level can be the basis for the preparation
of planning action of tapioca flour factory development in Merauke. The type of
research is field survey research using the method of data acquisition purposive
sampling. Results of field data and information indicate that the community in Muting
District consists of local and non-local communities. Most people have livelihoods as
farmers. Agricultural system applied that is agriculture traditionaltheir daily life have livelihoods from hunting, fishing and farming in the garden or
yard. The results of hunting, fishing, and cultivation are used for family consumption
needs, but if there is a new residue will be sold to the home environment. While nonlocal
farmers have the main livelihood as fruit farmers other than currently farmers
working in oil palm plantations that operate the Muting area. Farmers in Muting
cultivate cassava in small areas, cassava is only cultivated in the yard and more in
family consumption and the largest land area of 1 ha. With 1 ha of planting area,
farmers are still experiencing marketing constraints. The marketing constraints of
cassava ie the distance to the market center is very far and the cost of transportation
is high. If marketed to Muting and the surrounding environment, the low purchasing
power of people, because the people in general have a cassava plant even in the yard
and was quite consumed by the family. Cassava consumption by the community in
Merauke is not a staple food but only as a side food and food diversification efforts
are still very low.
This document discusses urban bias and its role as a major impediment to rural development in developing nations. Urban bias refers to policies that disproportionately favor urban areas over rural areas, such as investment, tax, and pricing policies influenced by urban elites. This skewed allocation of resources stunts rural development and perpetuates disparities. While other factors like unemployment, low incomes, and sociocultural traditions also impact rural development, the document argues that urban bias is a primary cause of underdevelopment in rural areas due to discriminatory policies that promote urban growth at the expense of rural regions.
Women’s Contribution as Intermediary Traders to Family Income in Southeast Bu...AI Publications
Southeast Buku Village is located in Belang District, Southeast Minahasa Regency where some of the residents in this village make a living as a fresh fish intermediary trader. In general, those who carry out activities as intermediary traders are men or husbands because sometimes they have to work at night. However, there is one thing that is different in this Southeast Buku Village, namely that women who carry out activities as middlemen are women. Some of the housewives who live in this Southeast Buku Village are women with multiple professions, namely apart from working as housewives at home, they also work as traders of fresh fish to help their husbands increase family income. This profession has been carried out by some women in the Southeast Buku Village. This study aims to examine and determine the role of the wife as a housewife and as an intermediary trader as well as to analyze the income of women as intermediary traders in Southeast Buku Village, and to determine the contribution of women's income as intermediary traders to family income. The data obtained will be processed and analyzed descriptively qualitatively and descriptively quantitatively. Qualitative descriptive analysis is used to provide discussions of qualitative data related to existing theories. The results of the analysis show that the domestic role is the role that a wife should do such as cooking, washing, sweeping, etc. A woman middleman in Southeast Buku Village spends 5 hours a day. While the role of the public, namely work outside the home such as being an intermediary trader, spends 6 hours a day. The results of the analysis also found that the contribution of women's income to family income was 49.42%. This shows that women as intermediary traders contribute enough to the total family income in meeting family needs.
This document discusses rural development and related issues. It defines rural development as a process aimed at improving the well-being and livelihoods of rural communities through collective efforts. The objectives of rural development include improving farm productivity, health, education, and village infrastructure. Some key problems in rural development are people's traditional mindsets, lack of education, insufficient infrastructure like water and electricity, economic challenges like high input costs, and administrative issues like political interference.
In this presentation i am showing the role of gram panchayat in three aspects, i.e MGNREGA,Public health and literacy programe as the social welfare programms.
The Existence of Coastal Community Culture during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Si...AI Publications
The profile of coastal communities in various places in Indonesia is always described by showing their distinctive characteristics, such as poor villages, low formal education, lack of human resources, poor residential and health conditions, and lack of access to the use of socio-economic facilities and infrastructure. financial institutions (cooperatives, banks), transportation and communication, and other physical. This profile looks inversely proportional to the socio-economic potential of coastal resources. This study aims to see and reveal the cultural existence of coastal communities during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sinonsayang District, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The method used is descriptive method. Data collection was carried out by direct observation of the object that became the research objective, then interviews were carried out using the help of a questionnaire. Based on the results of research conducted on the Cultural Existence of Coastal Communities in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period in Sinonsayang District (Aergale Village and Blongko Village), it shows that culture according to the gender system is not concerned with the division of its roles in activities on land and activities at sea. Fishermen and fishermen's wives will help each other voluntarily. According to patron-client culture, it occurs because of the urgent economic interests between traditional fishermen and fisherman bosses, while socially there is harmony between communities when someone is sick and when they are sad. Local culture in the exploitation of fishery resources still uses the calculation of the moon in the sky and the distribution of fishing seasons according to the way of fishermen from the Sangihe area. Culture according to social leadership is known to have two, namely the existence of religious leaders and community leaders, each of which has a role to lead and protect the community. In this time of the covid-19 pandemic, all of the above cultures continue to do as they have been from the past, only the culture of coastal communities which usually have to involve many people with large expenditures, is currently not being implemented.
The document discusses rural development in India. It notes that over two-thirds of India's population depends on agriculture and one-third of rural India lives in poverty. Rural development aims to improve living conditions in rural areas through agriculture development and other initiatives. Key challenges include developing human resources, infrastructure, and alleviating poverty. The document also discusses rural credit needs and sources, initiatives like rural marketing and diversification into animal husbandry, fisheries, horticulture and organic farming to generate additional income in rural areas.
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMEROHANRohan23
This document discusses several key rural development programs and schemes run by the Indian government. It begins with providing context on the importance of agriculture and rural development in India given that a majority of the population lives in rural areas and depends on agriculture. It then summarizes the objectives and key aspects of various central government schemes related to rural employment guarantee, rural connectivity, education, health, livelihoods, social security, housing and rural infrastructure development. The overall aim of these schemes is to improve livelihood opportunities and quality of life in rural India.
Urban governance in vidyavihar research methodologyDrishti Rai
7
The document provides information on a survey conducted with 10 residents of Central Railway Quarters in Vidyavihar, Mumbai to understand their perspectives on urban governance and initiatives by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM).
6
Good
5
Average
4
Poor
3
The survey collected demographic details of respondents and asked questions related to physical and social infrastructure in their area. For physical infrastructure, roads received the highest average rating of 36% while availability of parking was rated the lowest at 26%. For social infrastructure, supply of electricity received the highest rating of 62% while quality of education in municipal schools was rated the lowest at 32%.
2
This document discusses definitions and objectives of rural development. It defines rural development as a process leading to sustainable improvement in the quality of life of rural people, especially the poor. The main objectives of rural development programs are improving living standards by utilizing natural and human resources, developing agriculture and industries, and building socio-economic infrastructure and community services. Key aspects of rural development include increasing production, providing social and physical infrastructure, and ensuring people's participation.
STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL VILLAGE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (BUMDES) AS...IAEME Publication
Village development including coastal village development is part of a series of
national development. Village development is intended to improve the quality of life
and welfare of the community. The efforts of village development especially coastal
village can be carried out by utilizing village potential through Village Owned
Enterprises (BUMDes). The aim of the study was to analyze the condition of Village-
Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in coastal areas and determine the policy direction for
the development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). The research method uses
quantitative and qualitative approaches with the aim of identifying the condition of
Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) and the direction of policy for their
development. The data analysis method used is the method of analysis of Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). The results of the study indicate that
coastal Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) are in the third quadrant position so
that the policy direction for the development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes)
tends to improve and increase the Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) institutions,
cooperation in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) business activities, and
increase supporting facilities for Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes).
Gender Analysis on Efficiency of Pelagic Fish Marketing Chain in Bulawan II V...AI Publications
The purpose of this study is to identify, and examine gender in the pelagic fish marketing value chain, then analyze gender differences in the pelagic fish marketing value chain in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research is expected to provide information and knowledge about gender roles and the impact of inequality on the marketing chain of pelagic fish in Bulawan II Village, Kotabunan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, where women as fishermen's wives have many limitations in terms of skills caused by various obstacles, including lack of knowledge. , so that the interest in self-development is hindered by the inability to think innovatively. This research was conducted in the village of Bulawan II, Kotabunan District using a survey method. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling on fishermen's families, specifically husbands and wives of fishermen. The data collected includes primary data and secondary data, where primary data is obtained through observation, direct interviews by filling out structured questionnaires. Analysis of research data, namely descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis by making a systematic, factual and accurate description of the facts, characteristics and relationships of the phenomena studied objectively. The results of this study indicate that there are gender differences in each pelagic fish marketing value chain ranging from fishermen, village petibo traders, urban petibo traders to retailers and the role of men is more in jobs that require extra labor, while women play an important role in work. light.
Rural areas are separately settled places away from large cities characterized by lower population density and engagement in primary industries like agriculture. A rural community has a sense of unity and religion plays an important role in village life. Rural lifestyles differ from urban ones in having limited services, public transport, and utilities. Rural development aims to improve the economic and social conditions of rural poor through collective efforts and generation of employment in farm, storage, and other economic activities while also developing infrastructure, health, education, and living conditions. It faces various challenges including traditional mindsets, lack of education, inadequate infrastructure, and economic and leadership problems. Rural development is important for India to develop rural areas holistically and empower communities.
The document summarizes the evolution of the national extension system in India after independence. It discusses the initial community development projects launched in 1952 to strengthen rural development. This was followed by the establishment of community development blocks in 1954 and panchayati raj system in 1957, which institutionalized democratic decentralization through a three-tier system of governance at the village, block and district levels. The document outlines the functions and organizational structure of gram panchayats, panchayat samitis and zilla parishads under the panchayati raj system.
This document discusses rural areas in India based on 2011 census data. Some key points:
- Approximately 70% of Indians, or 83.3 crore people, live in rural areas according to the 2011 census.
- The proportion of rural population declined from 72.19% in 2001 to 68.84% in 2011 as urbanization increased.
- Uttar Pradesh has the highest rural population at 15.5 crore people while Mumbai has the highest urban population at 5 crore people.
- Rural areas are defined as places with a population less than 5,000, density less than 400/sq km, and over 25% of males working in agriculture. Agriculture is the main livelihood
The document summarizes the administrative organization and constitution of district panchayats, block panchayats, and gram panchayats in India. It outlines the composition, functions, sources of income, and organization of each tier of local government. District panchayats are at the apex level and oversee multiple block panchayats. Block panchayats are the intermediate tier and oversee multiple gram panchayats, which constitute the lowest and most local level of governance at the village level. Key functions of each include rural development planning, infrastructure projects, education, healthcare, welfare programs, and implementing central and state government schemes.
PROPOSAL FOR VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT / VILLAGE ADAPTION - FOUNDATION JPSFoundation JPS
Foundation JPS proposed a Proposal for Village Adaption / Village Development porogram for the CSR activities to ensure every village of India should have basic facility like Sanitation, Pure Water, Electricity, Health awareness, Good Education and equality of each and every person of the village.
Shake hand with Foundation JPS CSR Program Implementation partner of Many PSU / Govt. Organizations like HIMCON, HARDICON etc.
Urban governance in mulund research methodologyDrishti Rai
The document is a study on urban governance in Mumbai that includes an introduction and review of literature on the topic. The introduction discusses the importance of infrastructure for citizens in Mumbai and issues with the Municipal Corporation's management of infrastructure projects. It notes that while the Municipal Corporation undertakes initiatives, corruption leads to failed or deteriorated infrastructure. The review of literature summarizes several sources that discuss issues with urban governance in Mumbai like affordable housing, management of infrastructure demands, and analysis of governance in Mumbai's wastewater and sanitation sector. The objective of the study is to understand citizen views on the Municipal Corporation's work and gather suggestions.
This document discusses rural development, defining it as a process aimed at improving the well-being and livelihoods of rural communities. It notes several key aspects of rural development including poverty reduction, basic infrastructure and services, employment generation, and transitioning rural communities from traditional to progressive ways of living. The document also outlines various approaches, objectives, policies, components, and strategies for rural development in India with a focus on economic, social, and human capital development.
The document discusses a training program for panchayat members in Rajasthan. It provides details on the content, delivery, and evaluation of the program. Some key points:
- A 2-week training program was conducted in 2008 to teach basic managerial skills like finance, governance, communication and decision making.
- The training was delivered in Hindi and covered all 36 districts of Rajasthan.
- An evaluation 8 months later found that while reception was good, many women lacked understanding due to inability to read Hindi.
- Recommendations were made to address language barriers and tailor future programs accordingly.
The document discusses model villages in India and the Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana scheme. It provides examples of three model villages - Hiware Bazaar in Maharashtra, Punsari in Gujarat, and Ankapoor in Telangana - that have achieved holistic development through community participation across sectors like agriculture, water management, and tourism. The scheme aims to involve MPs in developing selected villages in their constituencies in an integrated manner by leveraging existing government programs and other resources.
The purpose of this study is to know the sociology of farming farmer’s cassava in
Muting District. Research needs to be done because by knowing the pattern and life
expectancy of the community at the village level can be the basis for the preparation
of planning action of tapioca flour factory development in Merauke. The type of
research is field survey research using the method of data acquisition purposive
sampling. Results of field data and information indicate that the community in Muting
District consists of local and non-local communities. Most people have livelihoods as
farmers. Agricultural system applied that is agriculture traditionaltheir daily life have livelihoods from hunting, fishing and farming in the garden or
yard. The results of hunting, fishing, and cultivation are used for family consumption
needs, but if there is a new residue will be sold to the home environment. While nonlocal
farmers have the main livelihood as fruit farmers other than currently farmers
working in oil palm plantations that operate the Muting area. Farmers in Muting
cultivate cassava in small areas, cassava is only cultivated in the yard and more in
family consumption and the largest land area of 1 ha. With 1 ha of planting area,
farmers are still experiencing marketing constraints. The marketing constraints of
cassava ie the distance to the market center is very far and the cost of transportation
is high. If marketed to Muting and the surrounding environment, the low purchasing
power of people, because the people in general have a cassava plant even in the yard
and was quite consumed by the family. Cassava consumption by the community in
Merauke is not a staple food but only as a side food and food diversification efforts
are still very low.
This document discusses urban bias and its role as a major impediment to rural development in developing nations. Urban bias refers to policies that disproportionately favor urban areas over rural areas, such as investment, tax, and pricing policies influenced by urban elites. This skewed allocation of resources stunts rural development and perpetuates disparities. While other factors like unemployment, low incomes, and sociocultural traditions also impact rural development, the document argues that urban bias is a primary cause of underdevelopment in rural areas due to discriminatory policies that promote urban growth at the expense of rural regions.
The Management of the Village Fund Allocation as an Instrument towards Econom...IOSR Journals
National and regional development is inseparable part of village development activities, given the concentration of population is still dominant in the village; considering the concentration of the population still dominant located in the village, so that the village is the power base of the social economic and political need to get serious attention from the government. Construction of the village is realized in one of the forms of allocation of funds for the village. The allocation of funds village is funds given to the village of financial equalization funds of the central government and regions. This research was carried out in Siak Regenciy, Riau Province, Indonesia with two villages selected the village of Rawang White Water Bay and the villages of Siak District Merbau Dayun Subdistrict. This type of research was designed using the format verification and qualitative design approach of phenomenology (Burhan Bungin, 2007). The process of implementation of the program the allocation of funds for the village is divided into four main lines: The Process of Allocation Planning of Village funds, The process of the Allocation Management of Funds Village, The Process of Administering the Program ADD, The Process of Reporting Allocation Program of Funds Village.
ABSTRACT: Indonesia is the second-largest plastic waste contributor in the world. This condition certainly
needs to be observed and followed up. This paper records the efforts of the Indonesian government in realizing
a zero-waste program to overcome various waste problems in Indonesia and highlights the variations of zero
waste programs carried out in multiple provinces. This paper also attempts to map the position of the librarian
as a zero waste warrior. Librarians can strengthen their role as managers and providers of various sources of
information needed to educate the public in making waste a new resource for improving the quality of life.
THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY IN THE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SETANGGOR TO...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This study aims to determine the role of the community in planning and developing a tourist
village, knowing that planning and developing a tourist village can contribute to the village's original income,
and knowing that planning and developing a tourist village can improve the welfare of the people of Setanggor
Village, West Prayadistrict, Central Lombok Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with
the research subject of the community involved in the development of the Setanggor tourist village. Data was
obtained by conducting interviews with informants who have the ability to provide information related to this
research using the snowball sampling technique. The results of the study indicate that the role of the community
in the development of the Setanggor tourism village is as the initiator ,implementer, participant , observer,and
beneficiary. Planning and development of the Setanggor tourist village also contributes to village original
incomeand has an impact on improving the welfare of the Setanggor village community, West Praya District,
Central Lombok Regency.
Keywords: Community, Planning, Development, Tourism Village
This document summarizes a study on the assessment of urban infrastructure in North Karnataka, India. It provides background on the study areas of Belgaum, Badami, and Ilkal. The study aimed to understand the existing infrastructure status, environmental problems, and apply public health engineering techniques. A survey was conducted of households across the different income levels in the towns. The findings indicated issues with water supply, sanitation, drainage, and solid waste management across the areas. Proper maintenance of infrastructure is needed to prevent health issues.
Panchayati Raj is a system of rural local self-government. It has been established in all the states of India by the acts of the state legislature to build democracy at the grass-root level.
Live – in - Field Experience in Sylhet,BangladeshTahmina_Akter
To sketch out the appropriate rural structure of our country by selecting a para or area from a specific village of Sylhet.
To know the historical reference of the selected para about about difference parameters of social change process.
To draw out the social stratification of rural area area in terms of the wealth position with specific determinates.
To find out how villagers produce their crops in their field and various aspects of rural production cycle.
To followup the overall health and ironmental condition of the rural area .
Akili Preparatory School and Library is located in Obunga slum in Kisumu, Kenya. The report discusses the background of the community, including key assets like location, transportation, and agriculture potential, as well as areas needing improvement such as sanitation, health system, and unemployment. It also describes the Riley Orton Foundation, founded by David Omondi and Erick Otieno to empower women and girls in Obunga through education initiatives like Akili Library and Akili Preparatory School for girls.
The document discusses local community empowerment in the implementation of the village fund program in Naukenjerai District, Merauke Regency, Papua Province. It finds that while women's empowerment has gone well, the overall empowerment process and some village development programs have not been carried out according to regulations and priorities. Monitoring and evaluation has also not been optimal due to limited staff. The village fund is intended to improve welfare and development but its implementation faces challenges around community participation, accountability, and oversight.
This document discusses developing rural finance in India. It examines various rural financial programs implemented by institutions like NABARD, IFAD, and SHC. The paper investigates the impact of these programs on rural development and income distribution. Rural finance is important as it provides credit, savings, and insurance services to rural populations. However, access to formal financial services remains limited in rural areas of India. The paper aims to analyze existing rural finance models and their role in developing India's rural economy.
Analysis of the Local Potential of Kweel Village for Strengthening the Commun...AJHSSR Journal
Kampung Kweel has abundant natural potential from agriculture, plantations, and fisheries that could be optimized through a village-owned enterprise (BUMK) to strengthen the local economy. The village's main commodities - bananas, rambutan, coconut, tilapia fish, and snapper - show promise but currently lack adequate transportation, marketing, and processing. Villagers overwhelmingly support establishing a BUMK to address these issues, improve livelihoods, and independently manage village finances. Existing internet access, a village hall, and electricity provide initial facilities to support launching a BUMK in Kampung Kweel.
A Case Study On Rural Settlement With Aspects Of Socio Economic Movement Amp...Renee Lewis
This document presents a case study on rural settlements in the Bhagwanpur-I CD Block region of West Bengal, India. It analyzes changes in rural settlement patterns and socioeconomic activities from 1991 to 2011 using GIS data. Some key findings include:
1. The total area of rural settlements in the region increased from 3,788 hectares in 1991 to 5,588 hectares in 2011, with growth rates of 21% from 1991-2001 and 23.65% from 2001-2011.
2. The main types of rural settlements are compact, semi-compact, and dispersed. Compact villages are concentrated in the north-west, center, south-west, east and south-east,
This document provides an overview of rural development and related topics discussed in a class. It defines rural areas and communities, and describes the main features and life of rural people. It discusses rural development as a strategy to improve economic and social conditions, and lists the objectives and problems of rural development. It also covers topics like self-help groups, the role of NGOs, district rural development agencies, agriculture enterprise, and agro-based industries.
Islamic Education On Regional Autonomy (Case Study of Managerial and Financia...inventionjournals
This study aims to know the managerial functionalization of Langkat Regency government towards Islamic educational institutions, Langkat Regency government financial policy towards Islamic educational institutions, Langkat Regency government programs overcome the obstacles that faced by Islamic educational institutions and models to improve the Islamic education that conducted by Langkat Regency Government. This research uses qualitative approach through Case Study model design. Data collection techniques were conducted through: (1) interviews, (2) participant observation, (3) documentation study, and (4) reference investigation. Informants were taken by purposive sampling technique and then combined with snowball sampling. Data is processed using Miles and Huberman model, that are through three steps, the first is data reduction, the second is presenting the data, and the third is withdrawal or verification conclusion. The result of the research shows that the managerial functionalization of Langkat Regency Government towards Islamic educational institution is done by 4 (four) activities: planning with steps that is identify problem, formulate the purpose, assess the benefit, set the target goal, and followed by a form of planning; resource management, curriculum development and coaching of madrasah personnel to achieve the planning targets, organizing with job description activities, developing working hours, and developing working mechanisms with unity targets in integrity, carrying out activities with resource management, accountability, personnel guidance, development of education planning according to target of implementation target, and conduct supervision; preliminary supervision, supervision of the implementation of activities, monitoring of feedback on target implementation targets. Langkat Regency Government’s financial policy towards Islamic Educational institution by conducting financial assistance from regional APBD each year. The obstacles of the Islamic Educational institution to regional autonomy are the lack of Preparation from Islamic Education Resources, the socialization of the Regional Autonomy Policy is done only temporarily. Langkat Regency Government program in overcoming obstacles in improving the quality of Islamic Educational Institution conducted in synergy with the government of the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Langkat Regency.
Urbanisation started in the early days along the river valleys where civilisation was first experienced. The rate of urbanisation at this time was slow; however, the rate of urbanisation in developing countries is so fast at the moment where it generates many problems like pollution, inadequate housing and clean water, flooding, high rate of waste disposal and insecurity. Many towns do not have plans and policies to govern the establishment of the infrastructures. Planning ensures proper establishment of infrastructures and thus adequate provision of social amenities. One of the major problems in Rongo Town is inadequate housing which is caused by high rate of population growth. Similarly, the provision of other social amenities like education, health and electricity has been stressed as the local authorities and central governments lack the capacity to cope up with the population increase. There is great need to expand the capacity of these facilities in Rongo Town. The need to put in place policies that govern waste management and environmental conservation cannot be downplayed. The government and the local authorities should establish town boundaries to check the movement of towns into the neighbourhood and hence protect the resources in the neighbourhood for economic growth. In a nutshell, everybody including government, local authorities, engineers, planners, town and local residents should be involved in planning and policy formulation so as to improve the living standards of the residents of Rongo Town.
The Community-led Total Sanitation Story in IndonesiaOswar Mungkasa
1. Rural sanitation access in Indonesia had stagnated for over 20 years at around 38% despite government programs. Policymakers were seeking new approaches.
2. In 2005, Indonesia introduced Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), which had shown success in Bangladesh and India. CLTS aligned with Indonesia's goals of empowering communities and decentralization.
3. CLTS is now being scaled up nationally through projects and programs. It is shifting control over sanitation to communities while also transforming the roles of local governments and donors in rural sanitation. Overcoming resistance to change remains an ongoing process.
The Dynamics of Good Governance Implementation in WAE RI’I District, Manggara...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Since reform began in Indonesia, good governance has become a reference for the government
in running the government, including in Wae Ri'i District, Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The
problem in this study is how are the dynamics and constraints faced by the sub-district head in realizing good
governance in Wae Ri'i District, Manggarai Regency? The purpose of this research related to scientific
development is to contribute to good governance-based governance, especially in the Eastern Indonesia region,
which is still faced with limited infrastructure. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, the data
sources are primary and secondary data. Collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation
studies. The research location is in Wae Ri'i District, Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), taking
into account the phenomena that occur such as non-transparent service times and limited infrastructure.
Triangulation is used to test the validity of the data, namely the persistence of observations, and triangulation of
sources. The stages in data analysis consist of data reduction, data presentation, and data validation. The results
of this study indicate that the dynamics of the Camat's role in realizing good governance in Wae Ri'i District,
Manggarai Regency has been well implemented and in accordance with the principles of good governance.
KEYWORDS: Good governance; community participation, legal certainty; transparency; effectiveness; justice;
Similar to FUNCTION OF VILLAGE PEOPLE'S REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF VILLAGE POO (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
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Body / Village Council. Based on article 1 paragraph (4) that the Village Consultative Body
or what is referred to by another name is an institution that carries out a government function
whose members are representatives of the Village population based on regional
representation and democratically determined.
Furthermore, Article 55 emphasizes the function of the council of the Village consisting
of:
a. Discuss and agree on the Draft Village Regulation with the Village Head;
b. Accommodate and channel the aspirations of the village community; and
c. Supervise the performance of the Village Head.
To supervise the performance of the village head according to point c in terms of village
financial management at the planning and budgeting stage, the village government must
involve the Village council so that the work program and activities can accommodate the
interests and needs of the village community and in accordance with the capabilities of the
village. On the other hand in order to support the realization of good governance in village
administration, village financial management is carried out based on governance principles,
namely transparent, accountable and participatory and carried out in an orderly and budgetary
discipline (Dewi Rasmi et al, 2018).
Kampung Poo is included in the village where the source of the village funds comes from
the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) which is transferred through the Regency
/ City Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget and is used to finance government
administration, development implementation, community development, and community
empowerment.
In managing Poo village finances, the village head is fully responsible for both village
funds and village communities. Because if the village head is wrong in managing village
finances, it will result in delayed development in the village both physically and human
resources.
In order for the management of village funds to be carried out well and orderly in the
village of Poo, the village head of Poo together with the council of the village should work
together. What happened in the village of Poo was that the management of village funds run
by the village head paid little attention to the supervisory functions of the village council.
Regarding the context of the function of the Kampung Village on village financial
management, it is necessary to know the extent of the supervision function in Law No. 6 of
2014. Therefore changes can be identified that need to be carried out related to the
supervisory function.
2. METHODOLOGY
This research is a socio-legal research. Sociolegal research is also known as nondoctrinal
research. Nondoctrinal research places the results of observations on social realities not to be
placed as a general proposition. Nondoktrinal research looks for patterns of permanence or
patterns of relationships (correlation or causal) between various symptoms that manifest the
presence of law in the realm of reality (Victor Nalle, 2016).
This study uses an analytical descriptive approach, namely the procedure or problem
solving research is carried out by exposing the object being investigated as it is based on
actual facts at the present time is not limited to reaching data collection but includes analysis
and interpretation of the meaning of the data. In addition, socio-legal research also uses
several approaches that are used to analyze primary legal material and secondary legal
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material. These approaches include a regulatory approach and a conceptual approach (Victor
Nalle, 2016).
Data in the study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained
directly from the field. Secondary data in this study are books, journals (Emiliana et al., 2018;
Julianto and Jotam, 2018; Martha et al., 2018; Sedayu and Mangkoedihardjo, 2018), and
documents related to this research and obtained through library research. In addition, primary
legal materials are also used, namely legislation relating to this research.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Geographical Village of Poo
Kampung Poo is one of the local villages located in Jagebob District, Merauke Regency with
an area of 1,500 hectares. Kampung Poo has the following regional boundaries:
1. The North is bordered by Customary Land.
2. South side bordering the National Park.
3. East side borders with Kali Obat.
4. The West is bordered by Kartini Village.
Poo is a fairly large village in the lowlands (Flat), with a number of RTs of 4 and RK of
2. The location of Poo is very strategic because it is in the middle or center of several villages
in the Tanah Miring District. The facilities and infrastructure of Poo are already quite good.
The Poros Road is always passed by people who want to go to Sp6 and Sp9 as far as 6 km,
Jalan Kampung 7.80 km and culverts as far as 300m. The distance of the village which is not
too far from the city center makes Poo a spiritual tourist spot.
In terms of social population, the people of Poo are seen from the level of education
above the age of 35 years and above, on average elementary and junior high school
graduates. While most rural children and adolescents continue their education, some even go
to college. The majority in Poo are from the native Yeinan tribe. In terms of economics the
main livelihood of the Poo people is hunting, gardening, and raising animals such as pigs,
chickens, cows. But not a few also have become civil servants, carpentry, entrepreneurs,
laborers and traders.
Whereas the potential of the region in Poo can be observed from agriculture, fisheries,
education, and spatial planning. For agriculture, the structure and type of Poo soil is suitable
for use as land to cultivate vegetables. In addition to vegetables, coconut trees and sago trees
are also quite a lot and thrive on community land. Fisheries many people who are looking for
fish everyday at the maro. Freshwater fish species that are often obtained by Poo residents
are: mujair, gastor, catfish, betik, snapper, tilapia and thorns. Education is inadequate due to a
shortage of educators. Though the willingness and learning interest of Poo children is very
high for school. There are 2 schools, one kindergarten and elementary school YPPK. Francis
Xavier. And the layout of the majority of Poo residents' houses is a type of plot house. It's
just that in some homes residents have experienced a lot of reforms. The layout of residents'
houses is quite neat. Arranged based on lane or alley which is divided into 4 RT.
On Poo, the center of Government activities takes place at the village hall. Officials
involved in the administrative affairs of the Village are the Head of the Village, the Secretary
of the Village, the Four Heads of Affairs (KAUR), namely: KAUR Development, KAUR
Goverment, KAUR Umum, Chairman of the RK as many as 2 people and the RT Chair as
many as 4 people. In addition, there is also the Village Consultative Council / Village
Council.
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3.2. The term "village council"
The term village council is a new term to be equated with the Village Consultative Body.
From the literature there is no friendly term to use this term. Because this term is weakly
applied in terms of theory, but it can be accepted from the side of the concept even though it
is a new term.
If based on article 1 paragraph (4) Law No. 14 of 2014 the term village council is
acceptable. Because the phrase "other names" can be interpreted as the Village Parliament. It
is called the people’s representative (DPR), namely legislation, budget and supervision.
Indonesia is a country that has lots of resources and lives a variety of tribes and customs
(Julianto J J Kalalo, 2018)
Thus the Village Consultative Body or Village Council is an institution that carries out a
government function whose members are representatives of the Village population based on
regional representation and democratically determined. Democracy here can be interpreted as
direct and indirect elections.
3.3. Village Finance
Matters relating to village finance in Law No. 6 of 2014 jo Permendagri No. 20 of 2018
explains the definition of village finance as follows: Village Finance is all village rights and
obligations that can be valued with money and everything in the form of money and goods
related to the implementation of the rights and obligations of the Village. The rights and
obligations referred to generate income, expenditure, financing, and management of Village
Finance (Article 71 paragraph 2). Whereas Village Assets are Village property originating
from the Village's original wealth, purchased or obtained at the expense of the Village
Revenue and Expenditure Budget or other legal rights acquisition (article 1 paragraph 10 and
11). The authority of the Village Head in Village Finance is stated in Article 26 paragraph 2
c, e that the Head of the Village holds the power of managing Village Finance and Assets and
sets the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget. Village income as referred to in Article 71
paragraph (2) comes from:
a. Village original income consists of the results of the business, the results of assets, self-
help and participation, mutual cooperation, and other village income;
b. Allocation of State Revenue and Expenditure Budget;
c. Part of the results of regional taxes and retributions of Regency / City area;
d. Allocation of Village funds which are part of the balance funds received by the
Regency / City;
e. Financial assistance from the Provincial Regional Income and Expenditure Budget and
Regency / City Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget;
f. Grants and non-binding donations from third parties; and
g. Other legitimate village income. (Article 72)
Then Village Expenditures are prioritized to meet the development needs agreed upon in
the Village Conference and in accordance with the priorities of the District / City
Governments, Provincial Governments and Governments. Development needs include, but
are not limited to primary needs, basic services, environment, and village community
empowerment activities (Article 74). The Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget consists
of the portion of income, expenditure and village financing. The draft Village Revenue and
Expenditure Budget is submitted by the Village Head and discussed with the Village
Consultative Body in accordance with the results of the deliberation, the Village Head
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determines the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget each year with a Village Regulation
(Article 73). Also the Village Head is the holder of Village Finance management power, and
the Village Head authorizes part of his power to the Village apparatus. Further provisions
regarding Village Finance are regulated in Government Regulations (Article 75). Village
assets can be in the form of village cash land, ulayat land, village markets, animal markets,
boat moorings, village buildings, fish auctions, agricultural product auctions, village-owned
forests, village-owned springs, public baths, and other village assets. Other assets belonging
to the Village as referred to in paragraph (1) include:
1. Village wealth purchased or obtained from the burden of the state's income and
expenditure budget, regional income and expenditure budget, and village income and
expenditure budget;
2. Village wealth obtained from grants and donations or similar;
3. Village wealth obtained as the implementation of the agreement / contract and others in
accordance with the provisions of the legislation;
4. The results of village cooperation; and
5. Village wealth derived from other legal gains (article 76).
3.4. Supervision function
Supervision is a process to ensure that all activities carried out are in accordance with what
has been planned. According to Winardi Supervision is all activities carried out by the
manager in an effort to ensure that the actual results are in accordance with the planned
results. Whereas according to Basu Private Supervision is a function that ensures that
activities can produce results as desired. Meanwhile, according to Komaruddin, supervision is
related to comparisons between the actual implementers of the plan, and the beginning for
steps to correct irregularities and meaningful plans (Esther J Punu, 2019).
In terms of legal supervision, according to Ten Berge is a preventive step to enforce
compliance.
Basically supervision is fully directed to avoid the possibility of fraud or deviation from
the objectives to be achieved. through supervision it is expected to help implement the
policies that have been set to achieve the goals that have been planned effectively and
efficiently. The existence of state institutions conducts mutual supervision in accordance with
their authority in order to create a function of control over fellow state institutions (Julianto
J.J. Kalalo, 2018)
For this reason, the following functions are explained according to Ernie and Saefulah as
follows:
1. Evaluate the success and achievement of goals and targets in accordance with the
indicators specified.
2. Take the necessary clarification and correction steps.
3. Perform various alternative solutions to various problems related to achieving company
goals.
According to Marigan the monitoring function is:
1. Strengthen the sense of responsibility towards the official who is entrusted with the
duties and authority in carrying out the work.
Based on a circular issued by the directorate general of the interior ministry on procedures
for overseeing village funds, in the pre-distribution stage there were aspects of the readiness
of the village apparatus and regulations in receiving village funds, in this aspect there must be
6. Function of Village People's Representative Council in Financial Management of Village Poo
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clarity regarding village officials who have the authority to manage village funds , in this case
the village secretary, village treasurer and financial statements must be made by the village
head. In reality in Kampung Poo, technical officials of village finance managers do not have
a decree issued by the village head only direct appointment by the village head to the village
secretary and a financial basis for managing village funds, this is inversely proportional to the
rules made by the interior minister contained in the Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation No.
113 of 2014 concerning Village Financial Management article 3 paragraph (3) which reads
the Village Head in implementing village financial management, assisted by PTPKD, so that
it can be said that supervision of village funds is still not well implemented in the pre-
distribution aspects village funds.
From the results of field studies, it can be said that the village fund planning discussed in
the development planning meeting can be said that the community has actively participated in
the planning of programs funded by Kampung Poo village funds, only in determining the
priority programs that will be carried out by the village government when village funds were
disbursed, the village government did not involve the community to determine what
programs were prioritized funded by village funds. Even though according to the rules
contained in the technical guidelines for village fund supervision by village consultative
bodies, the village government must conduct deliberations with the village consultative
bodies and the community in determining the priority programs to be carried out. So that the
community and village consultative bodies can oversee the implementation of programs
funded by village funds. Village consultation bodies and communities are only invited to
conduct final reviews and evaluations when the program has been completed. So, it can be
said that community participation in village fund management in the pre-distribution aspect is
still not well implemented. In addition, information boards about the program and the funds
needed are not clearly known by the community so that supervision does not go well.
Supervision of village funds is carried out by the District Government and the Village
Council. The council of the Village has the task of overseeing village funds which is one part
of the implementation of the main tasks and functions of the village itself which is explained
in Government Regulation No. 43 of 2014. Article 51 paragraph (3) explains that the report
on the administration of Village Government is used by the people’s representative in
carrying out the performance supervision function of the village head.
In supervising village funds, the community participated by being represented by the
DPR The village became a direct supervisor in the implementation of village governance,
including supervision of village funds. In addition, the community represented by community
leaders was also directly involved in the development planning meeting (Musrenbang), where
a portion of the funds used came from village funds.
The form of supervision of village funds carried out by the Village Parliament is by
supervising the use of village funds starting from program planning, program implementation
and evaluation of village funds. DPR Kampung has an important role in overseeing village
funds as stated in Law No. 6 of 2016. The supervision of village funds is represented by the
village council where in the supervision of village funds proposed by the Inspectorate
General of the Ministry of Home Affairs, that supervision of village funds is carried out in 3
stages namely the pre-distribution stage, the distribution and use stages and the post-
distribution stage. In these three stages the supervision process starts from the pre-distribution
stage where supervision is related to the readiness of the village apparatus and regulations in
receiving village funds and the suitability of the village fund planning process.
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Then in the stages of distribution and use that must be considered is the financial aspect in
the use of village funds, then in the post-distribution stage that must be considered is
administration, reporting and accountability for the use of village funds.
Based on a circular made by the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Home Affairs
regarding the procedure for supervision of village funds starting from the pre-distribution of
village funds to the post distribution of village funds. Looking at the three stages of
supervision of village funds, it can be said that the supervision of village funds by the Village
Poo council is not too good because these three stages have not been implemented properly,
especially in the pre-distribution stage and the distribution and use of village funds. Because
in this process the Village Poo council was not called to hold a meeting on what programs
should be prioritized in the development and empowerment of the community, but was only
instructed to review the programs that had been carried out by the village government funded
by village fund allocation, besides the absence of letters decisions regarding technical staff of
village funds made by the village head, but only direct appointment by the Village Head.
Therefore supervision of village funds cannot be said to be going well.
4. CONCLUSION
The results and discussion show that the village council supervision function of Village Poo's
financial management has not gone well because there are still technical village management
officials appointed directly by the village head. So that the supervision function of the
Kampung Poo DPR from the stage of distribution and use of village funds have not been too
good. Therefore the advice that can be given is the Head of the Village in appointing
technical manager of village funds should use a decree.
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