The document summarizes key components of the Kulekhani II hydropower plant in Nepal. It describes the dam, catchment area, reservoir, surge tank, penstock, inlet and bypass valves, Francis turbine, governor, automatic voltage regulator, excitation system, generator, switchyard, protection scheme, and maintenance activities. The plant has a 16500 kW turbine, 126 km2 catchment area, 2400 m3 reservoir, 841m steel penstock, and generates power at 6.6 kV which is stepped up to 132 kV via a transformer in the switchyard.

8. CIVIL COMPONENT
1.DAM
The dam of kulekhani II (KL2) is rock fill type located in
makwanpur district of narayani zone,nepal.
The dam is located at the
Gross head of 860m from KL2
Substation and headrace of
KL2 is located at gross head
0f 310m. The distance of head
Race canal from KL2 sub
Station is 12km.

9. 2.CATCHMENT AREA
The catchment area is 126 km^2.
3.RESERVOIR
The live storage volume of the reservoir is 2400 m^3.

10. 4.SURGE TANK
The surge tank of kulekhani II is restricted orifice type.
5.PENSTOCK
 The penstock is made up of steel. The overall length of penstock is
841.279m. The maximum design head for penstock 409.375m.the
weight of penstock is 7,01,393.17kg.Its installation is completed in
august 1986.

11. INLET AND BY PASS VALVE
INLET VALVE
Allows water flow from
penstock to turbine
Spherical
BY PASS VALVE
Balance pressure on
either side of valve

12. Turbine
Vertical shaft francis type
turbine
Speed 750 rpm
Runway speed is 1280 rpm
Rated output 16500 kw
Net head 303.6/284.1 m
Rated flow 6.45 m3 /s

13. Francis turbine with spiral casing and runner
water is enter radially and Exit axially

16. GOVERNOR
• Used for controlling the guide vanes by
detecting turbine speed and its guide vane
opening in order to keep turbine speed
stable or to regulate its output.
• The performance of the governor dominates
the controllability of the power plant and
quality of electrical power produced.

17. GOVERNOR (speed or frequency
control)
• The hydraulic turbine governor is equipment for
controlling the guide vanes by detecting turbine
speed and its guide vane opening in order to keep
the turbine speed stable or to regulate it's output.
• Governors are provided with the following
features:
 Quick responses and stable control.
 Guide vanes opening detection with high accuracy.
 Speed detection with high accuracy.
 High reliability and easy maintenances.

18. SERVOMOTOR USED FOR GUIDE
VANES
• The opening of guide
vanes is controlled.
• The small opening of
guide vanes reduces
the RPM and hence
the frequency.
• The maximum
opening of guide
vanes increases RPM
of turbine and Hence
frequency is
increased.

19. • Reacts to sudden change
of generator load by
giving corresponding
excitation voltage, under
the new load condition.
• Two units of AVR are in
use.
• Here it helps in
stabilizing the output
voltage from the
generator remain
constant to 6.6 KV.
GOVERNOR (AUTOMATIC
VOLTAGE REGULATOR )

20. EXCITATION SYSTEM
• Brushless (ac) excitation system
• With rotating rectifiers ,the need for slips rings and
brushes is eliminated.

21. EXCITER
STATOR
WINDING
• Here, the exciter
has stationary
field winding
• The rectifier
output of pilot
exciter stator
energises the
stationary field of
the ac exciter

22. EXCITER ROTOR
WINDING
• Here, the exciter has
rotating armature
winding
• The voltage regulator
controls the ac exciter
field

23. CONTROL
PANNEL FOR
BATTERY
BACKUP
• The voltage of
battery backup is
110V
• The cooling system
and several lighting
system is supplied
with battery backup
at emergency
conditions.

24. Figure: Generator and excitor
• GENERATOR
 Two, salient pole rotor
type synchronous
generator
 Output : 3 phase, 6.6K
V ; 18.8 MVA
 Power factor: 0.85
 No. of poles and speed:
8 pole, 750 rpm
 Excitation voltage: 130
V
 Excitation system:
brushless
•

25. LA
Generato
r bus
Power
transformer
6.6/132 KV
SF6
Circuit
breaker
SF6
Circuit
breaker
Circuit
breaker
CT
CT
CT
isolator
isolator
isolator isolator
isolator isolator
Three units of
Capacitive voltage transformer
H
E
T
A
U
D
A
S
U
I
T
A
C
H
A
R
Mainbusbar
132 kv
Feeder busbar
132 KV
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF
SWITCHYARD

26. .
SWITCHYARD

27. RESERVOIR
SURGE TANK
FRANCIS-1 FRANCIS -2
GENERATOR -1
6.6KV,18.8 MVA
SWICHTAR,LDC HEUTADA
GENERATOR -2
6.6KV,18.8 MVA
POWER TRANSFORMER
6.6KV/132KV, 37.8 MVA
BURSHLES
S EXCITOR
BRUSHLES
S EXCITOR
Rapti river Mandu
river
Out flow of KL-1
MAIN
BUSBAR
132 KV
ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM

28. PROTECTION SCHEME
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
Three CT’s of rating 500-250/5A
are used for over current
protection of 132KV line.
 for the protection of transformer
,CT’s of rating 200/5A.
For the protection of generator
,CT’s of 2000/5A are used.

29. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
Three PT’s of rating 132KV/110V are used for
132KV bus bar protection(1 per phase).
 PT’s of rating 6.6KV/110V are used for over
voltage and under voltage protection of both
unit of generators.

30. CIRCUIT BREAKERS
For the protection of 132KV line in switchyard, SF6 circuit
breaker is used.
For the protection of 6.6KV line, vacuum circuit breaker
is used.
Air circuit breaker are used in low tension system.

31. SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

32. RELAY
TYPE USES
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY For the protection of generators, transformers
and bus bar of kulekhani-2.
OVER CURRENT RELAY In case of external faults of KL-2.like phase to
ground fault, phase to phase fault, double
phase to ground fault.
OVER VOLTAGE AND UNDER
VOLTAGE RELAY
Protects the system from abnormal high and
low voltage.

33. RELAY CONTROL PANAL

34. ISOLATOR

35. EARTHING

36.  To solve black out in whole Nepal power
system network, firstly Khulekhani I is
operated which supplies power to the grid and
to Khulekhani II as well. Thereafter Khulekhani
II is operated and adds its power to the grid.
 Then the remaining hydropower plants is
operated by taking excitation from the grid.
KHULEKHANI I and II:
INITIALIZER TO SOLVE BLACK
OUT

37.  On Jestha 2075, damper winding of rotor
of unit 2 generator was damaged. Then,
repairing process was done. Now the unit
is operating smoothly.
 Recently, automatic remote controller for
cranes to lift the turbines, generators,
exciter etc. is being set up.
Maintenance and Upgrade
Activities