This document discusses the double cage induction motor. It aims to achieve high starting torque without affecting efficiency. This is done by using a rotor with two cages made of different materials - an outer cage of high resistivity material and an inner cage of low resistance material like copper. At start up, most current flows through the high resistance outer cage, providing high starting torque. During normal operation, current mostly flows through the low resistance inner cage, maintaining high efficiency. Some key applications mentioned are water pumps and machines like lathes and drills that require high starting torque.

1. ST XAVIER’S CATHOLIC COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
BAIJU C P
3rd EEE
PRESENTATION ON
DOUBLE CAGE
INDUCTION MOTOR

3. What is the need?
 Conventional Squirrel Cage motors suffer from the
disadvantages of low starting torque because of low rotor
resistance.
The starting torque can be increased by using the bar
material of higher resistivity.
 However high rotor resistance reduces the full-load speed,
increases rotor ohmic loss and lower efficiency.
Therefore in order to achieve high starting torque without
effecting the efficiency, the rotor resistance is made higher at
the time of starting & low under normal operating conditions.

4. In wound rotor induction motors these conditions are met by
connecting external resistance in rotor circuit at the time of
starting & resistances are cut out in steps as the motor attains
its normal speed.
In squirrel cage motor this is not feasible as the conductors
are short-circuited by end rings. In order to attain the above
desired conditions following types of rotors are used:-
 Deep bar rotor.
 Double cage rotor.

5. Double Cage Induction Motor
• Generally in induction motor related
operation squirrel cage induction motor is widely
used. The starting torque equation of an
induction motor is given by
• R2 and X2 are the rotor resistance and inductive
reactance at starting respectively, E2is the rotor
induced EMF
• Ns is the RPS speed of synchronous stator flux

6. An induction motor with two rotor windings or
cages is used for obtaining high starting torque at
low current.
The stator of a double cage induction motor is
similar to that of ordinary induction motor. In
double cage rotor there are two layers of bars as
shown:
The outer cage bars have a
smaller cross-sectional area
than the inner bars and are
made of high resistivity
materials like brass etc.

7. The inner cage bars are made up of low resistance material like
copper. Thus the resistance of outer cage is greater than that of
inner cage.
 There is a slit between the top and bottom slot. This
increases premeance for leakage flux around the inner cage bars.
 Thus the leakage flux linking the inner cage winding is much
larger than that of outer cage. The inner cage winding, therefore
has a greater self inductance.

8. At normal speed, the leakage reactance of both the winding
becomes negligibly small.
The rotor current division between the two cages is governed
mainly by their resistances.
Since the resistance of the outer cage is about 5 to 6 times that of
inner cage, most of the rotor current flows through the inner cage.
Hence under normal operating speed, torque developed mainly by
low resistance inner cage.
Double cage rotor

9. Torque-slip charecteristic of
double-cage rotor

10.  The approximate equivalent circuit of double cage rotor induction
motor is shown below. Though the two cages are somewhat coupled
magnetically, they can be treated as independent for simplicity and it
gives approximately same
results.
 I2ru' and I2rl' are the currents in the upper and lower cages
respectively referred to the stator. R2u'and R2l' are the resistance of upper
and lower cages referred to the stator whereas X2u’ and X2l’ are leakage
reactances of the two cages referred to the stator of the motor.

11. Used in water pumps for various Irrigational and Industrial purposes.
Used in Lathe machines and Drilling machines.
Applications

12. It is evident by now that for low starting torque
requirement, low-cost ordinary squirrel-cage
construction is employed.
A deep-bar construction is adopted for higher
starting torque applications and double-cage
for still higher starting torque needs.
For large size motors with stringent starting
torque needs, the most expensive slip-ring
construction is used.
Conclusion