fstolberg_giwablacksea.ppt
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The document discusses eutrophication in the Black Sea due to excess nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen entering the sea from basin rivers and coastal development. This has resulted in health issues, economic stagnation, reduced recreation, and fishery loss. Rehabilitation requires reducing nutrient inputs by 2-3 times through measures like low-cost technologies that cost an estimated $2-3 billion but return investment within 4-5 years. A pilot program is proposed to demonstrate effective low-cost technologies.
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Eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems is caused by excessive nutrients which enhance algal growth. This can have negative effects like algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and fish kills. Nutrients enter waterbodies from both point sources like wastewater effluents and non-point sources like agricultural runoff. Consequences of eutrophication include dominance of cyanobacteria, increased plankton-eating fish populations, and reduced diversity. Prevention methods include removing excess plants, adding competitors/predators of algae, oxygenating water, using herbicides/algaecides, banning phosphates in cleaners, and improving wastewater treatment to remove nutrients. Cultural eutrophication is accelerated by human activities like agriculture
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This document provides an outline for a student's undergraduate seminar presentation on assessing groundwater quality. The outline includes sections on introducing groundwater and the water cycle, reviewing relevant literature, stating the aims and objectives of assessing quality, sources of groundwater pollution, sampling methods, measures for assessment, graphical representation techniques, the importance of assessment, a case study, conclusions, and references. The case study examines a previous study on the hydrogeological assessment of groundwater resources in Abeokuta area, Nigeria.
Classifying hot water chemistry: Application of multivariate statistics
The following paper is a try out on the application of multivariate analysis (regression tree, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis) for classifying hot water chemistry. The number of sample analysed was 11 (including three cold water samples), taken from three Gorontalo geothermal sites (Boalemo, Pohuwato, and Gorontalo Regency.
Regression tree technique has failed to read the data structure due to collinearity effect therefore PCA and cluster analysis were applied. We used open source R statistical packages to do the calculation.
Such technique classifies hot water samples into three major clusters: cluster 1 (hot water from Diloniyohu-Boalemo), cluster 2 (combining hot water from Tungo and Dulangeya-Boalemo, and cold water from Dulangeya-Boalemo), and cluster 3 (cold water from Pohuwato and Diloniyohu-Boalemo). According to the results, hot water from Boalemo consists of systems: distinct geothermal system and mixing system with meteoric water, while hot water from Pohuwato has no or less mixing with meteoric water.
The statistical is able to detect the close and open geothermal system based on data structure. This robust method should be applied to more geothermal system with larger dataset to see its performance.
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The document discusses aquifer mapping projects being conducted in Gujarat, India. It outlines tasks for mapping aquifers in three pilot areas - Ahmedabad, Dasada, and Lodhika - which have different aquifer types. The goals are to identify and map aquifers, quantify groundwater resources, and propose management plans. Methods discussed include compiling existing data, generating new geological and geophysical data, assessing hydrology, and developing aquifer response models and management plans. Village-level groundwater budgets will also be prepared for selected areas.
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Menulis saat ini bukannya menjadi salah satu bentuk akuntabilitas riset. Tetapi juga menjadi indikator kinerja seorang akademia (periset/dosen/mahasiswa dll). Namun demikian saat ini pemikiran kita hanya selalu berisi beberapa pertanyaan berikut: terindeks Scopus atau tidak?, berapa impact factor nya?, atau kalau saya menulis topik ini apakah akan meningkatkan indeks sitasi saya atau tidak ya? Hal ini diperburuk dengan pola pikir bahwa tugas kita menulis hasil riset kemudian mempublikasikannya di jurnal. Terserah akan diapakan oleh penerbit jurnal tersebut. Kini menjadi lebih mengemuka lagi saat pemikiran tersebut menjadi persyaratan administrasi pangkat dan jabatan atau insentif.
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{abstract}
Saya tidak mengatakan bahwa indikator tersebut salah, tapi menurut kemudian kita menjadi lupa dengan esensi menjadi seorang akademia, yaitu: melakukan riset untuk membantu masyarakat (atau bangsa dalam skala luas), melaporkannya, dan menyebarluaskannya untuk diketahui khalayak. Menulis seolah menjadi beban berat. Sepertinya, belum apa-apa sudah memikirkan Scopus, indeks sitasi, dll. Pada akhirnya tidak jadi menulis. Malah salah bukan.
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{abstract}
Dalam paparan ini saya menyampaikan bahwa saat ini telah terjadi perkembangan yang luar biasa, bernama Open Science. Aliran ini bertumpu kepada prinsip bahwa ilmu itu terbuka dan milik semua orang. Dengan demikian maka indikator kinerja seorang akademiapun harus ditambah dengan instrumen-instrumen yang lebih terbuka. Bahwa Scopus index, impact factor, dan indeks sitasi adalah pekerjaan panjang yang tidak berhenti saat kita menerima email "accepted". Partisipasi redaksi jurnal dan penerbit juga berperan dalam mencapainya. Untuk itu diperlukan komunikasi saintifik (science communication) yang handal.
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fstolberg_giwablacksea.ppt
- 1. Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) Prof. Felix Stolberg sub-region 22 BLACK SEA
- 3. EUTROPHICATIONEUTROPHICATION REASONSREASONS • Excess of nutrient ( phosphorus and nitrogen ) in an water body • Regulation of sea basin rivers water flow • Extraction of overabundant water amount from sea watershed water bodies RESULTSRESULTS • Worsen of population health in summer • Coastal zone area economic stagnation • Unrealized recreational potential of sea • Fishery loss
- 6. IMMEDIATE CAUSEIMMEDIATE CAUSE:: NitrogenNitrogen: 1000 thousand tons per year PhosphorousPhosphorous: 100 thousand tons per year What to do?What to do? TO REDUCE by 2 – 3 TIMESTO REDUCE by 2 – 3 TIMES
- 7. HOW MUCH ?HOW MUCH ? DamageDamage: 100- 300 mln USD per year per country Costs of first order measuresCosts of first order measures: 2-3 billion USD for Black Sea (for coastal zones) Period of payback:Period of payback: 4-5 years
- 8. BLACK SEA & ITS RIVERSBLACK SEA & ITS RIVERS De-eutrophication way: Nutrient pollution Self-purification ability
- 10. LOW COST TECHNOLOGIESLOW COST TECHNOLOGIES Ukraine FranceFrance SPAIN GermanyGermany GermanyGermany
- 11. PROPOSALPROPOSAL PILOT UNITPILOT UNIT forfor LOW COST TECHNOLOGYLOW COST TECHNOLOGY www.giwa.net/areas/area22.htmlwww.giwa.net/areas/area22.html stolberg@kharkov.uastolberg@kharkov.ua