The document discusses different types of marine pollution including from land-based sources like oil spills, sewage, siltation, eutrophication, invasive species, and more. It notes three main ways pollution enters the oceans - direct discharge of waste, runoff from rain, and pollutants released from the atmosphere. Surface runoff from farming, urban areas, and construction can carry nutrients that cause algal blooms and hypoxic conditions.

1. I ON FI
UT A 5
LL AQ 60 AINI
PO TH 31 LED
IN
E L-
A 43 HIM A
AR IF 11 RA
M A . EB
N O R:
IR N CTO
AS NT STRU
N E IN
T UD
S

2.  Marine pollution includes a range of threats including from land-based
sources,
 oil spills,
 untreated sewage,
 heavy siltation,
 eutrophication (nutrient enrichment), I
 nvasive species,

3. persistent organic pollutants (POP’s),
heavy metals from mine tailings and
other sources,
acidification,
radioactive substances,
marine litter,
overfishing and destruction of coastal
and marine habitats

6. New River in California: The water 
at this point is three colors: dark
green, white (foam), and milky
brown/green. The septic stench is
,pungent
Fecal coliforms and fecal 
streptococci have been
consistently detected in the New
River
•There are three main types of inputs of pollution into the ocean:
• direct discharge of waste into the oceans,
• runoff into the waters due to rain, and
• pollutants that are released from the atmosphere

7. DIRECT DISCHARGE
•Pollutants enter rivers and the sea directly from
urban sewerage and industrial waste discharges,
sometimes in the form of hazardous and toxic
wastes.
•Inland mining for copper, gold. etc., is another
source of marine pollution. Most of the pollution is
simply soil, which ends up in rivers flowing to the
sea.
•However, some minerals discharged in the course
of the mining can cause problems, such as copper,
a common industrial pollutant, which can interfere
Acid mine drainage  with the life history and development of coral
causes severe polyps.
environmental •Mining has a poor environmental track record. For
problems in Rio tinto example, according to the United States
.river, Spain Environmental Protection Agency, mining has
contaminated portions of the headwaters of over
40% of watersheds in the western continental
US.Much of this pollution finishes up in the sea.

8. SURFACE RUN-OFF
 Surface runoff from farming, as well as urban runoff and runoff from the
construction of roads, buildings, ports, channels, and harbors, can carry
soil and particles laden with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and minerals.
This nutrient-rich water can cause fleshy algae and phytoplankton to
thrive in coastal areas, known as algal blooms, which have the potential
to create hypoxic conditions by using all available oxygen
 Polluted runoff from roads and highways can be a significant source of
water pollution in coastal areas. About 75 percent of the toxic chemicals
that flow into Puget Sound are carried by stormwater that runs off paved
roads and driveways, rooftops, yards and other developed land.

9. MANGANESE NODULE
Element Atlantic Indian Pacific Pacific*
Mn 15.5 15.3 19.3 24.6
Iron 23.0 13.4 11.8 6.8
Nickel 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.1
Copper 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.1
Cobalt 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Zinc 0.1