The document discusses different sources of water including seawater, freshwater, and groundwater. Seawater comes from oceans and seas, contains salt, and is considered hard water. Freshwater comes from rain and is also called surface water. Groundwater is found underground in aquifers and is considered the cleanest source of water as it contains minerals. The document also discusses the water cycle and the importance of water for habitats and as a resource for humans and other living things.
The document discusses concepts related to motion, including reference point, distance, speed, and force. It defines reference point as a fixed place or object used to determine an object's position. Distance is defined as the measure of how far or near two points are from one another. Speed is calculated by dividing the distance covered by an object by the time it took to cover that distance. Motion is described as a change in position relative to a reference point, and can involve the application of force through a push or pull. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating speed using distance and time.
K TO 12 GRADE 4 TEACHER’S GUIDE IN SCIENCE (Q1-Q4)LiGhT ArOhL
The document states that all rights are reserved for a DepEd material and that no part of the material may be reproduced or transmitted without permission from the DepEd Central Office. It indicates that it is the first edition from 2015.
Q3 lesson 44 effects of force on the shape of an object BEVS.pptxRodelynAntonioSerran
This document outlines a lesson on the effects of force on the shape of an object. It provides background information on force and examples of how applying force through pushing, pulling, pounding, compressing, bending, twisting, stretching, or squeezing can change the shape of various materials like sponges, rubber balls, modeling clay, and more. Students are asked to observe and report how the shape changes when they apply different forces. The lesson concludes that applying force can change an object's shape.
This document discusses the effects of the sun's heat and light on Earth. It begins by stating it will discuss both the good and bad effects of sunlight, as well as ways to protect oneself from the sun's heat. It then provides objectives, activities, and discussions around photosynthesis, vitamin D production, water cycle, and more. It also details both beneficial effects like plant growth as well as harmful effects like sunburn if exposed too long. The document aims to teach students how life on Earth depends on and is influenced by the sun's energy.
This document discusses a lesson on materials that float and sink. Students are divided into groups and given various objects like pencils, coins, and erasers to predict and test whether they will float or sink. Key points made include that metals like coins and paper clips sink because they are dense, while wood items like pencils and popsicle sticks float. Rubber bands and crayons may float initially but then sink. The lesson reinforces that an object's density and material determine if it will float or sink in water.
This document provides information about a science class on soil types. It discusses the objectives of identifying different soil types based on physical characteristics. It introduces the three main soil types - clay, loam, and sand. The document then provides details on the physical characteristics of each soil type, including texture, particle size, and ability to hold water. Students are instructed to complete activities that involve classifying soil types in pictures and diagrams, as well as a quiz to assess their understanding.
The document discusses different sources of water including seawater, freshwater, and groundwater. Seawater comes from oceans and seas, contains salt, and is considered hard water. Freshwater comes from rain and is also called surface water. Groundwater is found underground in aquifers and is considered the cleanest source of water as it contains minerals. The document also discusses the water cycle and the importance of water for habitats and as a resource for humans and other living things.
The document discusses concepts related to motion, including reference point, distance, speed, and force. It defines reference point as a fixed place or object used to determine an object's position. Distance is defined as the measure of how far or near two points are from one another. Speed is calculated by dividing the distance covered by an object by the time it took to cover that distance. Motion is described as a change in position relative to a reference point, and can involve the application of force through a push or pull. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating speed using distance and time.
K TO 12 GRADE 4 TEACHER’S GUIDE IN SCIENCE (Q1-Q4)LiGhT ArOhL
The document states that all rights are reserved for a DepEd material and that no part of the material may be reproduced or transmitted without permission from the DepEd Central Office. It indicates that it is the first edition from 2015.
Q3 lesson 44 effects of force on the shape of an object BEVS.pptxRodelynAntonioSerran
This document outlines a lesson on the effects of force on the shape of an object. It provides background information on force and examples of how applying force through pushing, pulling, pounding, compressing, bending, twisting, stretching, or squeezing can change the shape of various materials like sponges, rubber balls, modeling clay, and more. Students are asked to observe and report how the shape changes when they apply different forces. The lesson concludes that applying force can change an object's shape.
This document discusses the effects of the sun's heat and light on Earth. It begins by stating it will discuss both the good and bad effects of sunlight, as well as ways to protect oneself from the sun's heat. It then provides objectives, activities, and discussions around photosynthesis, vitamin D production, water cycle, and more. It also details both beneficial effects like plant growth as well as harmful effects like sunburn if exposed too long. The document aims to teach students how life on Earth depends on and is influenced by the sun's energy.
This document discusses a lesson on materials that float and sink. Students are divided into groups and given various objects like pencils, coins, and erasers to predict and test whether they will float or sink. Key points made include that metals like coins and paper clips sink because they are dense, while wood items like pencils and popsicle sticks float. Rubber bands and crayons may float initially but then sink. The lesson reinforces that an object's density and material determine if it will float or sink in water.
This document provides information about a science class on soil types. It discusses the objectives of identifying different soil types based on physical characteristics. It introduces the three main soil types - clay, loam, and sand. The document then provides details on the physical characteristics of each soil type, including texture, particle size, and ability to hold water. Students are instructed to complete activities that involve classifying soil types in pictures and diagrams, as well as a quiz to assess their understanding.
This document discusses different types of motion including up and down, straight line, round and round, and zigzag motion. It describes how to measure motion through distance, time, and speed. Forces that affect motion include the strength and direction of applied forces, the mass of an object, and friction. Gravity is also identified as a force that pulls objects down toward Earth.
This document outlines a webinar on teaching science concepts related to light, sound, heat, and electricity. It discusses the content standards which involve applying knowledge of these forms of energy. For light, it describes the key natural sources like the sun, moon, and stars. It also discusses artificial light sources created by humans. Examples are given of how light is used in everyday life for tasks like reading, taking photos, and watching screens. Safety tips are provided for proper use of light at home.
Summative test in science vi (forms of energy)Ronaldo Digma
1. The document is a science summative test with multiple choice questions about different forms of energy like chemical, electrical, nuclear, radiant, and mechanical energy.
2. The questions cover topics like what form of energy is possessed by lightning, a burning candle, food, and a running motor. It also asks about how energy is stored in food and used by the body, what powers devices like flashlights and radios, what materials burn easily, how electricity is generated, what the main source of radiant energy is, and how energy is used in areas like medicine, cooking, and generating electricity.
3. The test aims to assess understanding of different energy forms, transformations, storage, and applications across
Decaying organic materials are broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The decomposition process recycles nutrients and reduces waste. As materials decay, they typically progress through stages from fresh to dry remains. Improper disposal of decaying animal waste can spread disease and contaminate the environment if not managed carefully.
The document defines 16 performance indicators used to measure education outcomes in the Philippines. The indicators include gross enrolment ratio, percentage of pupils with early childhood education, promotion and repetition rates, cohort survival rate, and dropout rates. Calculations for each indicator are provided using data sources like enrolment, population, graduates, and repeaters. The indicators assess participation, access, efficiency, and internal functioning of the education system at various levels.
This document discusses key concepts relating to heat, light, and sound. It explains that heat is a form of energy transfer between objects due to temperature differences, and can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation. Light is described as a form of electromagnetic radiation that can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed when it interacts with different materials and surfaces. Sound is defined as vibrations that travel in air, liquids, or solids in longitudinal waves, and its characteristics like frequency and pitch are determined by the rate and strength of vibrations. The document also provides an overview of vision and optical phenomena like refraction in the eye and lenses.
The document discusses filling out forms, with the objectives of identifying what forms are, learning how to fill them out correctly and honestly, and being able to do so for things like school forms. It states that forms are used to gather essential information and provide templates, with some requiring more details than others. Students are expected to identify common forms they use, fill them out accurately and legibly, and recognize the importance of providing correct information.
The document provides instructions for using a slideshow to practice sight words. It lists 22 groups of words and has students say, spell, and make sentences with each word. It instructs students to click on a book icon next to each word to see example sentences, and to make their own sentence using the word after slide 23. It tells students their teacher may want them to print the slideshow.
Real or make believe fact or non fact imagesLily bag
Images can be either real or make-believe, depending on whether they depict objects and events that exist in reality or are imaginary. The document discusses examples of both real and make-believe images and how to identify which is which. Real images portray people, places, and things that exist in real life, while make-believe images show imaginary characters, settings, or events. Both real and make-believe images can be used for purposes like education, entertainment, and persuasion. The document provides guidance on evaluating images and determining whether they represent facts or non-facts.
Position describes where an object is located using words like in front of, on top of, behind, beside, and at. A reference point is a stationary object or location that is used to determine an object's movement by measuring the distance between it and the object. Examples show the toy is on the table, the cat is beside the boxes, and the girl is sitting on top of the mountain using reference points and positional words.
Daytime objects in the sky include the sun, which Earth revolves around, clouds which are important for weather, and rainbows which are formed when sunlight hits raindrops and splits into colors. Nighttime objects are the moon, which orbits Earth, stars which are bright balls of gas that give their own light, and planets.
Typhoons, hurricanes, and tropical cyclones are all names for similar tropical storms that form over warm ocean waters and have wind speeds over 74 mph. Typhoons specifically occur in the western Pacific Ocean while hurricanes occur in the Atlantic Ocean and eastern Pacific. Both cause damage from high winds, rain, storm surge and can spawn tornadoes. Tsunamis are large ocean waves caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or landslides under the sea which can reach heights of 100 feet and devastate coastal areas with flooding and destruction when the waves reach land.
This document is a quarterly report on English competencies for Grade 3 students at Popioco Elementary School for the 2021-2022 school year. It lists the least learned competencies for each quarter, organized by competency code. In the first quarter, competencies include describing drawings of stories/poems listened to using simple and compound sentences. In the second quarter, competencies focus on reading words with consonant blends and digraphs. The third quarter covers reading words with long vowel sounds and affixes. The fourth quarter objectives include restating facts from texts and reading words with vowel digraphs and diphthongs. Attached are monitoring forms to track student retrieval and return of English modules by name for each
BODY STRUCTURES THAT HELP ANIMALS ADAPT AND SURVIVE .pptxReymartMadriaga8
Animals have body structures that help them adapt to their environment. ADAPTATION is
the structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment.
HABITAT is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of
animal, plant, or other type or organisms. Fish are covered with scales for protection from disease and
from other animals that live in water. Shrimps and lobsters are covered with outside skeleton or
exoskeleton while other animals like clams and mussels are covered with shells. Some animals are
covered with fur to keep them warm like monkey, lion, horse, and cheetah. Some animals that found in
the locality are carabao, cow, goat, dog and cat. Others are covered with feathers for flying like chicken,
eagle, peacock, and duck. Some have smooth skin for breathing like earthworm. Most body coverings
of animals are for protection.
Animals move differently depending on their habitat and their body structures. Some animals have
legs for walking and some have wings for flying. Animals that live on land move in different ways.
Some walk, hop and jump. Most animals that live in water swim. But some aquatic animals have legs,
too, for walking like crustaceans, shrimps, prawns, and crabs. Animals that can live both in water and
on land can either walk, hop, jump, or swim. Some animals used the following body structures to adapt
and survive: horns, tails, claws, paws, fangs, pincers, beaks, sticky tongue, movable jaws, sucking tubes,
and teeth.
These are the important information about the body structures that help animals adapt and survive
in their particular habitat.
This document discusses the seasons in the Philippines. It explains that the Philippines experiences two seasons: a dry season from March to May caused by the northeast monsoon, and a wet season from June to October caused by the southwest monsoon. The location and tilt of the Earth, as well as wind patterns, cause the different seasons by influencing temperatures and rainfall at different times of the year.
The Mangga Elementary School is requesting participation from the Commander of the Naval Forces Western Mindanao in their upcoming Brigada Eskwela Program from May 20-25, 2019. The school is asking for volunteers to help with minor and major repairs, cleaning, beautifying, and making the school ready for the new school year. Specifically, they are requesting cleaning materials, paints, cement, hollow blocks, plants, gardening tools, and trash cans to use during the program. The school coordinator, Lalane Canaveral, can be contacted at 0905-727-8565 for any inquiries about participating on May 22, 2019.
The document describes the structure and organization of the human body from cells to organ systems. It provides examples of each level of organization including cells forming tissues like muscle tissue, tissues forming organs like the heart, organs forming organ systems like the circulatory system, and organ systems coming together to form a complete organism. The document then focuses on the digestive system, labeling and describing each part of the digestive system including the mouth, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, and more. It also describes the different types of teeth and their functions, as well as the major food groups and examples of microorganisms used in food production like yeast in bread and bacteria in yogurt.
Q3- M3-MATERIALS THAT BLOCK, ABSORB & TRANSMIT LIGHT.pptxLermaMoralesManalo
The document provides a lesson on how different materials interact with light, including blocking, absorbing, and transmitting light. It defines key terms like transparent, translucent, and opaque. Examples are given of materials that fall into each category. Students are expected to understand how the material properties relate to their uses. Review questions assess comprehension of light interactions with solids, liquids, and gases.
Gravity is a force that pulls everything down to the ground and keeps objects on Earth, though it cannot be seen. Weight measures the strength of gravity's pull on an object, with more massive objects experiencing a stronger pull. Friction is the force that occurs when two objects rub together, causing them to slow down, and can be increased or decreased depending on the materials, with oil reducing friction and rubber or sandpaper increasing it.
This document summarizes friction in physics. It defines friction as the force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact. It then discusses the factors that affect friction, the different types of friction (static, sliding, rolling, fluid), their definitions and examples. The document also covers the effects, advantages and disadvantages of friction, and methods to increase or reduce friction such as changing surface roughness or using lubricants. It concludes that friction is sometimes necessary but also causes issues, so it can be considered a "necessary evil".
This document discusses different types of motion including up and down, straight line, round and round, and zigzag motion. It describes how to measure motion through distance, time, and speed. Forces that affect motion include the strength and direction of applied forces, the mass of an object, and friction. Gravity is also identified as a force that pulls objects down toward Earth.
This document outlines a webinar on teaching science concepts related to light, sound, heat, and electricity. It discusses the content standards which involve applying knowledge of these forms of energy. For light, it describes the key natural sources like the sun, moon, and stars. It also discusses artificial light sources created by humans. Examples are given of how light is used in everyday life for tasks like reading, taking photos, and watching screens. Safety tips are provided for proper use of light at home.
Summative test in science vi (forms of energy)Ronaldo Digma
1. The document is a science summative test with multiple choice questions about different forms of energy like chemical, electrical, nuclear, radiant, and mechanical energy.
2. The questions cover topics like what form of energy is possessed by lightning, a burning candle, food, and a running motor. It also asks about how energy is stored in food and used by the body, what powers devices like flashlights and radios, what materials burn easily, how electricity is generated, what the main source of radiant energy is, and how energy is used in areas like medicine, cooking, and generating electricity.
3. The test aims to assess understanding of different energy forms, transformations, storage, and applications across
Decaying organic materials are broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The decomposition process recycles nutrients and reduces waste. As materials decay, they typically progress through stages from fresh to dry remains. Improper disposal of decaying animal waste can spread disease and contaminate the environment if not managed carefully.
The document defines 16 performance indicators used to measure education outcomes in the Philippines. The indicators include gross enrolment ratio, percentage of pupils with early childhood education, promotion and repetition rates, cohort survival rate, and dropout rates. Calculations for each indicator are provided using data sources like enrolment, population, graduates, and repeaters. The indicators assess participation, access, efficiency, and internal functioning of the education system at various levels.
This document discusses key concepts relating to heat, light, and sound. It explains that heat is a form of energy transfer between objects due to temperature differences, and can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation. Light is described as a form of electromagnetic radiation that can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed when it interacts with different materials and surfaces. Sound is defined as vibrations that travel in air, liquids, or solids in longitudinal waves, and its characteristics like frequency and pitch are determined by the rate and strength of vibrations. The document also provides an overview of vision and optical phenomena like refraction in the eye and lenses.
The document discusses filling out forms, with the objectives of identifying what forms are, learning how to fill them out correctly and honestly, and being able to do so for things like school forms. It states that forms are used to gather essential information and provide templates, with some requiring more details than others. Students are expected to identify common forms they use, fill them out accurately and legibly, and recognize the importance of providing correct information.
The document provides instructions for using a slideshow to practice sight words. It lists 22 groups of words and has students say, spell, and make sentences with each word. It instructs students to click on a book icon next to each word to see example sentences, and to make their own sentence using the word after slide 23. It tells students their teacher may want them to print the slideshow.
Real or make believe fact or non fact imagesLily bag
Images can be either real or make-believe, depending on whether they depict objects and events that exist in reality or are imaginary. The document discusses examples of both real and make-believe images and how to identify which is which. Real images portray people, places, and things that exist in real life, while make-believe images show imaginary characters, settings, or events. Both real and make-believe images can be used for purposes like education, entertainment, and persuasion. The document provides guidance on evaluating images and determining whether they represent facts or non-facts.
Position describes where an object is located using words like in front of, on top of, behind, beside, and at. A reference point is a stationary object or location that is used to determine an object's movement by measuring the distance between it and the object. Examples show the toy is on the table, the cat is beside the boxes, and the girl is sitting on top of the mountain using reference points and positional words.
Daytime objects in the sky include the sun, which Earth revolves around, clouds which are important for weather, and rainbows which are formed when sunlight hits raindrops and splits into colors. Nighttime objects are the moon, which orbits Earth, stars which are bright balls of gas that give their own light, and planets.
Typhoons, hurricanes, and tropical cyclones are all names for similar tropical storms that form over warm ocean waters and have wind speeds over 74 mph. Typhoons specifically occur in the western Pacific Ocean while hurricanes occur in the Atlantic Ocean and eastern Pacific. Both cause damage from high winds, rain, storm surge and can spawn tornadoes. Tsunamis are large ocean waves caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or landslides under the sea which can reach heights of 100 feet and devastate coastal areas with flooding and destruction when the waves reach land.
This document is a quarterly report on English competencies for Grade 3 students at Popioco Elementary School for the 2021-2022 school year. It lists the least learned competencies for each quarter, organized by competency code. In the first quarter, competencies include describing drawings of stories/poems listened to using simple and compound sentences. In the second quarter, competencies focus on reading words with consonant blends and digraphs. The third quarter covers reading words with long vowel sounds and affixes. The fourth quarter objectives include restating facts from texts and reading words with vowel digraphs and diphthongs. Attached are monitoring forms to track student retrieval and return of English modules by name for each
BODY STRUCTURES THAT HELP ANIMALS ADAPT AND SURVIVE .pptxReymartMadriaga8
Animals have body structures that help them adapt to their environment. ADAPTATION is
the structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment.
HABITAT is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of
animal, plant, or other type or organisms. Fish are covered with scales for protection from disease and
from other animals that live in water. Shrimps and lobsters are covered with outside skeleton or
exoskeleton while other animals like clams and mussels are covered with shells. Some animals are
covered with fur to keep them warm like monkey, lion, horse, and cheetah. Some animals that found in
the locality are carabao, cow, goat, dog and cat. Others are covered with feathers for flying like chicken,
eagle, peacock, and duck. Some have smooth skin for breathing like earthworm. Most body coverings
of animals are for protection.
Animals move differently depending on their habitat and their body structures. Some animals have
legs for walking and some have wings for flying. Animals that live on land move in different ways.
Some walk, hop and jump. Most animals that live in water swim. But some aquatic animals have legs,
too, for walking like crustaceans, shrimps, prawns, and crabs. Animals that can live both in water and
on land can either walk, hop, jump, or swim. Some animals used the following body structures to adapt
and survive: horns, tails, claws, paws, fangs, pincers, beaks, sticky tongue, movable jaws, sucking tubes,
and teeth.
These are the important information about the body structures that help animals adapt and survive
in their particular habitat.
This document discusses the seasons in the Philippines. It explains that the Philippines experiences two seasons: a dry season from March to May caused by the northeast monsoon, and a wet season from June to October caused by the southwest monsoon. The location and tilt of the Earth, as well as wind patterns, cause the different seasons by influencing temperatures and rainfall at different times of the year.
The Mangga Elementary School is requesting participation from the Commander of the Naval Forces Western Mindanao in their upcoming Brigada Eskwela Program from May 20-25, 2019. The school is asking for volunteers to help with minor and major repairs, cleaning, beautifying, and making the school ready for the new school year. Specifically, they are requesting cleaning materials, paints, cement, hollow blocks, plants, gardening tools, and trash cans to use during the program. The school coordinator, Lalane Canaveral, can be contacted at 0905-727-8565 for any inquiries about participating on May 22, 2019.
The document describes the structure and organization of the human body from cells to organ systems. It provides examples of each level of organization including cells forming tissues like muscle tissue, tissues forming organs like the heart, organs forming organ systems like the circulatory system, and organ systems coming together to form a complete organism. The document then focuses on the digestive system, labeling and describing each part of the digestive system including the mouth, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, and more. It also describes the different types of teeth and their functions, as well as the major food groups and examples of microorganisms used in food production like yeast in bread and bacteria in yogurt.
Q3- M3-MATERIALS THAT BLOCK, ABSORB & TRANSMIT LIGHT.pptxLermaMoralesManalo
The document provides a lesson on how different materials interact with light, including blocking, absorbing, and transmitting light. It defines key terms like transparent, translucent, and opaque. Examples are given of materials that fall into each category. Students are expected to understand how the material properties relate to their uses. Review questions assess comprehension of light interactions with solids, liquids, and gases.
Gravity is a force that pulls everything down to the ground and keeps objects on Earth, though it cannot be seen. Weight measures the strength of gravity's pull on an object, with more massive objects experiencing a stronger pull. Friction is the force that occurs when two objects rub together, causing them to slow down, and can be increased or decreased depending on the materials, with oil reducing friction and rubber or sandpaper increasing it.
This document summarizes friction in physics. It defines friction as the force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact. It then discusses the factors that affect friction, the different types of friction (static, sliding, rolling, fluid), their definitions and examples. The document also covers the effects, advantages and disadvantages of friction, and methods to increase or reduce friction such as changing surface roughness or using lubricants. It concludes that friction is sometimes necessary but also causes issues, so it can be considered a "necessary evil".
The document discusses the key concepts of gravity including:
1) Gravity is a force that acts between any two masses and depends on their masses and the distance between them, as described by Newton's law of universal gravitation.
2) On Earth, gravity causes all objects to accelerate downward at 9.8 m/s^2 when in free fall with no other forces acting on them.
3) Air resistance counteracts gravity and causes objects of different sizes and shapes to fall at different rates, though they would fall at the same rate in a vacuum. Objects reach a terminal velocity when air resistance equals the downward force of gravity.
Friction is the force that opposes the motion of objects in contact with one another. It causes objects to slow down and stop moving even without an apparent force being applied. Friction occurs due to bumps and hollows between surfaces and is greater on rougher surfaces, causing slower motion. While friction has disadvantages like causing wear and reducing efficiency, it also has advantages such as enabling brakes to stop moving vehicles and allowing objects to be gripped. Friction can be reduced by smoothing surfaces or adding lubricants between surfaces.
Friction opposes the motion of objects and is caused by bumps on surfaces sticking together when they touch. There are three main types of friction: static friction between non-moving surfaces, sliding friction between surfaces moving past each other, and rolling friction between rolling objects and surfaces. Adding sand to tires increases rolling friction and helps cars move on slippery surfaces by providing more traction between the tires and the ground. This relates to Newton's Second Law, as increasing friction generates a greater net force to overcome inertia according to the formula F=ma.
The family was going to the beach on a sunny Saturday morning. Mother packed sandwiches and drinks in a basket. Father said it was time to go and the children were excited to leave. The sun provides light and heat energy. It can dry clothes and warm the air but too much sunlight causes sunburns and eye damage. Shade, hats, sunscreen and sunglasses can protect against too much sun.
Gravity pulls all objects toward the center of the Earth, causing things like pencils to fall when dropped. Friction is the force that resists the relative motion of objects in contact and can cause heat, as when rubbing hands together. Friction in car brakes and tires helps slow and stop vehicles safely. The document discusses gravity and friction, provides examples of each including falling objects and braking in cars, and asks questions to check understanding.
The Earth has a magnetic field that extends into space and protects the planet. The magnetic field is generated by Earth's core and behaves like a giant bar magnet. It has a north and south magnetic pole that are located near the geographic poles but can wander over time. The magnetic field deflects solar winds and cosmic rays, protecting the atmosphere. It can be mapped and measured at different locations on Earth. Animals like birds are able to detect the magnetic field to aid navigation.
Heat is a form of energy that makes things hot. The sun is a major source of heat for Earth, warming the land, air, and water. Other sources of heat include fires, lamps, stoves, and friction from rubbing hands together. Different materials warm up at different rates when exposed to heat - some parts of the street may get hot faster than others.
Friction is a force that opposes the motion of objects that are touching and moving past each other. There are four main types of friction: static friction between non-moving objects, sliding friction between moving objects, rolling friction which is much less than static or sliding friction, and fluid friction caused by air or water resistance. Gravity is an attractive force that pulls objects towards the center of Earth. Falling objects experience both the force of gravity accelerating them downward and the resistance of air slowing them down, reaching a steady speed known as terminal velocity when these two forces balance.
The document discusses the effects of heat energy on solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that when materials are heated, their particles vibrate more and expand in size, taking up more space. When cooled, particles vibrate less and materials contract. Examples are given such as railway tracks leaving gaps for expansion, pipes being looped to prevent bursting, and balloons rising due to heated air expansion. A particulate model is used to explain that expansion and contraction occur due to changes in the spacing between particles rather than changes in particle size itself.
This document discusses friction and gravity. It defines friction as the force that two surfaces exert on each other when rubbing together, and identifies four types of friction: static, sliding, rolling, and fluid friction. Gravity is defined as a force that pulls objects toward each other. The document explains how mass and distance affect gravitational attraction between objects. It also discusses concepts related to gravity and motion like free fall, air resistance, terminal velocity, and projectile motion.
The document discusses the earth's magnetism and how it was studied over time. It explains that early civilizations noticed magnetic properties in rocks and how compasses were used for navigation. William Gilbert conducted experiments in 1600 which showed that the earth acts like a giant bar magnet. The dynamo theory later emerged to explain the earth's magnetic field as being generated by convection currents in the liquid outer core. Studies of ancient rocks have provided evidence that the polarity of the earth's magnetic field has reversed many times in the past.
The document discusses the dynamo theory of the Earth's magnetism. It proposes that electric currents produced by the movement of liquid iron in the Earth's outer core generate the planet's magnetic field. Convection currents provide the energy needed to sustain the magnetic field over geological timescales. Paleomagnetic studies of fossil magnetism in rocks support the idea that the Earth's magnetic poles have reversed polarity multiple times in the past, consistent with the dynamo theory.
The Earth's magnetic field is generated by electrical currents in the liquid outer core. The magnetic field traps charged particles from the solar wind in the Van Allen radiation belts. Rocks record the magnetic field at the time of formation, allowing scientists to study how the magnetic poles have reversed in the past. The magnetic field shields the Earth from solar wind and cosmic rays.
Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion between two objects in contact. There are two main types of friction: static friction and kinetic friction. Friction can be both helpful and harmful. It allows for walking and braking a bicycle but also causes wear and tear over time. Friction depends on factors like the roughness and weight of surfaces, and it can be increased or decreased through these surface properties.
Hans Christian Ørsted discovered electromagnetism in 1820 when he observed that electric currents create magnetic fields, establishing the first connection between electricity and magnetism. Georg Ohm determined quantitatively in 1827 that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor, known as Ohm's Law. Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831 when he found that a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current in a nearby conductor, the basis for electric generators and transformers.
This document provides information about heat, light, and sound. It discusses that heat is produced by the movement of atoms and molecules and is transferred from hotter to colder objects. Light allows us to see objects when it bounces off them and enters our eyes. Objects can be transparent, translucent, or opaque depending on how much light they allow to pass through. Sound is vibrations that propagate through a medium like air and are perceived through hearing.
1. The worksheet contains questions about Newton's Third Law of motion regarding action and reaction forces. It asks about situations like a diver diving off a raft, hitting a tennis ball with a racquet, firing a rocket engine, and more.
2. The answer sheet provides explanations for each question, describing the action and reaction forces involved in each scenario based on Newton's Third Law. For example, it explains that when a diver pushes off a raft, the raft feels an equal and opposite force in the other direction.
3. The worksheet and answer sheet provide examples to help understand and apply Newton's Third Law, which states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
Matter is anything that has mass and volume. All matter experiences gravity and has mass. Gravity is the force of attraction between objects due to their masses. Weight is a measure of the force of gravity and depends on an object's mass and the strength of gravity where it is located. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and does not change with location, while weight can change depending on the gravitational pull of different locations.
1. The document describes various forces that affect the motion of vehicles including friction between surfaces, air resistance, and gravitational forces.
2. It outlines the specific forces involved when coasting, accelerating, braking, driving on ice, climbing/descending hills, and turning corners. These include engine force, friction, gravity, and centripetal force.
3. Newton's second law relates the net force on an object to its mass and acceleration. Forces on planes, trains, and cars provide forward acceleration according to this law until opposing forces are balanced.
This document contains a worksheet with physics questions about motion graphs. The questions ask about identifying regions of changing acceleration on speed-time graphs, graphs that represent objects reaching terminal velocity, the distance traveled by a uniformly accelerated car, calculating average speed from a graph, identifying the speed and deceleration from a graph, and calculating total distance from a graph. The worksheet contains multiple questions about analyzing speed-time graphs related to motion.
This document provides a worksheet on forces and equilibrium with 10 problems. It begins by explaining that mass is a measure of amount of matter while weight is the force caused by gravity, and one's mass would stay the same on the moon but weight would decrease due to lower gravity. It then provides problems involving calculating gravitational force based on given mass or finding mass based on given gravitational force. The remaining problems involve drawing force diagrams and using the concept of equilibrium to solve for unknown forces like tension or normal force.
This document discusses the difference between mass and weight. Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object and is measured in kilograms. Weight refers to the gravitational force on an object and is measured in Newtons. Weight depends on both the object's mass and the strength of gravity. On Earth, a 10 kg object has a mass of 10 kg and a weight of approximately 100 N. On the moon, where gravity is 1/6 as strong as Earth's, the same object would have a mass of 10 kg but a weight of approximately 17 N. The mass of an object does not change in different locations.
This physics worksheet involves calculating coefficients of static and kinetic friction based on information provided about forces acting on objects at rest and in motion on various surfaces. It also asks students to consider situations where low or high coefficients of static and kinetic friction would be preferable.
This document provides an overview of a unit on force and motion. It describes how forces influence objects that are at rest or in motion according to Isaac Newton's three laws of motion. The unit will teach students about key forces like gravity, friction, and magnetism. It will also cover topics such as energy transfer, potential and kinetic energy, and the differences between weight and mass and speed and velocity. The document provides guidance on vocabulary, activities, and resources to support teaching the concepts of force and motion.
This document contains a summary of Newton's Laws of motion and examples of balanced and unbalanced forces acting on objects. It includes questions about determining if forces are balanced or unbalanced based on descriptions of motion and free body diagrams showing the individual forces. Correct answers are identified along with explanations.
This document contains a 14-question physics worksheet on circular motion. The questions involve calculating average velocity, centripetal acceleration, tension in strings, and centripetal force for objects moving in circular paths, including cars on racetracks, balls on strings, masses on strings, and the Earth orbiting the Sun. Formulas provided are used to calculate requested values for speed, acceleration, force, and the effects when a cord breaks.
The document is a science worksheet about balanced and unbalanced forces. It contains several examples and questions:
1) A car being pushed by a driver and passenger from opposite ends. This creates an unbalanced force on the car since the forces do not cancel out. A more effective method is suggested.
2) A floatplane landing on water, where the water exerts an unbalanced braking force on the floats, slowing the plane's motion.
3) Different scenarios involving forces on a car from wheels and parachute are presented, asking about the net force direction.
4) Questions about the net and balanced/unbalanced forces on an airplane in different flight conditions, and the resulting effects.
This document provides instructions for students to draw and label examples of action-reaction force pairs. It includes examples of common action-reaction pairs like a hand on a flower or fist on a wall. Students are tasked with describing the reaction forces shown and drawing the corresponding arrows. They are then asked to draw their own example and label the forces at each contact point in a final example showing a scale reading the amount of force.
This worksheet contains 7 physics problems calculating force using F=ma. The problems include calculating the force on a golf ball, shopping cart, paper cup, swing, hammer, and car. The mass, acceleration, and force are given for each object and the student must use the equation to solve for the unknown value.
This document contains 7 multiple choice questions about measuring instruments like vernier calipers, micrometer screw gauges, and vernier scales. The questions ask students to interpret readings and measurements from diagrams of these instruments.
The document describes an experiment to measure the diameter and volume of a solid sphere using a vernier caliper. It provides the formulas for calculating diameter from the main and vernier scale readings taking into account the least count, and the formula for calculating volume from the diameter. Measurements are then taken and the diameter and volume are calculated.
This document contains a worksheet with speed, velocity, and acceleration calculation problems. There are three parts: 1) Calculating speed using the speed formula for cars and objects traveling distances over time periods. 2) Calculating speed and velocity using both formulas, including problems involving direction. 3) Calculating acceleration using the acceleration formula for objects changing velocity over time. The problems require showing the formula, substituting values with units, and providing the answer with correct units.
The document contains 10 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of scientific measurement units and principles. It asks about the number of grams in a kilogram, converting between metric units of length, significant figures, SI base units, calculating mass in grams from a given mass in kilograms, and the difference between accuracy and precision. It also contains questions about identifying scalar and vector quantities, reading measurements on vernier calipers and micrometers.