Sigmund Freud believed that adult personality is determined by how we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure in early childhood development stages. His psychosexual theory proposed 5 stages - oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital - where the id seeks pleasure from different erogenous zones. Fixation can occur if needs are under- or over-gratified, influencing personality. The stages involve learning to control needs and resolving conflicts like weaning and toilet training.

1. Sigmund Freud’s PsychosexualSigmund Freud’s Psychosexual
theorytheory
Supervisor by Dr. Nuhad AldooriSupervisor by Dr. Nuhad Aldoori
Prepared by : Mohammad AljuboriPrepared by : Mohammad Aljubori
Pediatric departmentPediatric department
Faculty of nursingFaculty of nursing

2. © ENAENA
Sigmund Freud
(May 6.1856 – September 23. 1939)
Austrian neurologist
founding father of psychoanalysis

3. © ENAENA
What is psychosexual development?What is psychosexual development?
Freud believed that adult personalityFreud believed that adult personality
problems were the result of earlyproblems were the result of early
experiences in life.experiences in life.
He believed that we go through fiveHe believed that we go through five
stages of psychosexual developmentstages of psychosexual development
and that at each stage ofand that at each stage of
development we experience pleasuredevelopment we experience pleasure
in one part of the body than inin one part of the body than in
others.others.

4. © ENAENA
What is psychosexual development?What is psychosexual development?
Freud thought that our adult personality isFreud thought that our adult personality is
determined by the way we resolve conflicts betweendetermined by the way we resolve conflicts between
these early sources of pleasure—the mouth, the anusthese early sources of pleasure—the mouth, the anus
and the genitals—and the demands of reality.and the genitals—and the demands of reality.

5. Sigmund Freud’s PsychosexualSigmund Freud’s Psychosexual
theorytheory
Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stages ofSigmund Freud’s psychosexual stages of
development have three aspects:development have three aspects:
thethe idid, identified as the pleasure principle; the, identified as the pleasure principle; the
egoego, identified as reality principle,, identified as reality principle,
and theand the superegosuperego, related to the conscience, that, related to the conscience, that
internalizes punishmentsinternalizes punishments
and warnings, as well as rewards and positiveand warnings, as well as rewards and positive
feedback, as the childfeedback, as the child
is presented with life experiences.is presented with life experiences.

6. © ENAENA

7. © ENAENA
What is fixation?What is fixation?
Fixation is the psychoanalytic defense mechanismFixation is the psychoanalytic defense mechanism
that occurs when the individual remains locked inthat occurs when the individual remains locked in
an earlier developmental stage because needs arean earlier developmental stage because needs are
under- or over-gratifiedunder- or over-gratified

8. © ENAENA
Freud's Stages of PsychosexualFreud's Stages of Psychosexual
DevelopmentDevelopment
1-Oral stage1-Oral stage
2- Anal stage2- Anal stage
3-Phallic Stage3-Phallic Stage
4-Latent stage4-Latent stage
5-Genital stage5-Genital stage

9. © ENAENA
Oral Stage (Birth to 1 Year)
Erogenous Zone: Mouth
-rooting and sucking reflex is important.
- gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking.
Primary conflict: the weaning process-the child must become less
dependent upon caretakers.

10. © ENAENA
Oral fixation can result in problems with
drinking, eating, smoking, or nail biting.
• Too much gratification, the child DOES NOT learn that he or she DOES NOT
control the environment, and thereby forming an immature personality.
• Too little gratification, the infant might become passive upon learning that
gratification is not forthcoming
• example :- Due to a parent weaning too early, as an adult the individual seeks
out oral gratification through smoking, drinking, gum chewing

11. © ENAENA
The Anal Stage (1 to 3 years)
Erogenous Zone: Bowel and Bladder Control
Primary focus of the libido was on
controlling bladder and bowel movements.
Major conflict: toilet training--the child
has to learn to control his or her bodily
needs.

12. © ENAENA
• Developing this control leads to a sense
of accomplishment and independence.
• If parents are too lenient, anal-expulsive
personality could develop:
messy, wasteful or destructive
personality.
• If parents are too strict or begin toilet
training too early, anal-retentive
personality could develop: stringent,
orderly, rigid and obsessive.
• Example :- Due to a parent being too
strict with potty training, as an adult the
individual is excessively neat and
orderly (known as “Anal Retentive”).

13. © ENAENA
The Phallic Stage (3 to 6 Years)
Erogenous Zone: Genitals
Primary focus of the libido is on the genitals.
Children begin to discover the differences between males
and females.
Oedipus complex Boys begin to view their fathers as a rival
for their mother’s affections
Electra complex has been used to described a similar set of
feelings experienced by young girls.

14. © ENAENA
Freud suggestsFreud suggests that anthat an Oedipus conflictOedipus conflict
applies to boys.applies to boys.
A boy wants his mother and therefore isA boy wants his mother and therefore is
jealous of his father and wants to removejealous of his father and wants to remove
him. The fear that his father will discover thehim. The fear that his father will discover the
son's feelings are expressed in terms ofson's feelings are expressed in terms of fearfear
of castrationof castration, but is finally resolved through, but is finally resolved through
identifying with the father.identifying with the father.
For girls, the FreudianFor girls, the Freudian Electra complexElectra complex
describes the events leading up to genderdescribes the events leading up to gender
resolution. The young girl hasresolution. The young girl has 'penis envy''penis envy'
and resents the mother for not providing herand resents the mother for not providing her
with one.with one.

15. © ENAENA
 Result of phallic stage disturbanceResult of phallic stage disturbance
 According to Freud, the conflicts may result in:According to Freud, the conflicts may result in:
 homosexuality,homosexuality,
 authority problems,authority problems,
 and rejection of appropriate gender roles if notand rejection of appropriate gender roles if not
resolved.resolved.

16. © ENAENA
The Latent Period (6 to Puberty)(6-12 yrs.)
Erogenous Zone: Sexual Feelings Are Inactive
• Libido interests are suppressed.
• Begins when children enter into school
• sexual energy is directed into other areas such
as intellectual pursuits and social interactions.
• Important in the development of social and
communication skills and self-confidence.

17. © ENAENA
The Genital Stage (Puberty to Death)
Erogenous Zone: Maturing Sexual Interests
• (12-18) year
• The individual develops a strong sexual interest in the
opposite sex.
• Interest in the welfare of others grows during this stage.
• If the other stages have been completed successfully, the
individual should now be well-balanced, warm and caring.
• GOAL: to establish a balance between the various life areas.
• Example :- Genital - Due to a parent smothering a child with
too much attention, as an adult the individual has difficulty in
romantic relationships due to being extremely “needy.”

18. © ENAENA
Thank you for listeningThank you for listening

19. © ENAENA
ReferencesReferences
Ellen M. Chiocca .Advanced pediatric
assessment .2nd edition (2015).p.p23-24
Susan L. Ward. , author. Pediatric nursing care best
evidence-based practices (2014) p .p 15
Rudd Kathryn, Kocisko Diane. Pediatric nursing: the
critical components of nursing care .1st ed.p.p81-82