1. The road(s) ahead

2. Outputs: opportunities  Sporting Inclusion Traditional SD/equity/target groups  Sporting Outcomes Skills/competences/rules/ethics   Individual impacts P ersonal/social development/gender attitudes Sport-for-Development: a brief overview   Individual outcomes Behaviours/relationships   ‘ Community’ outcomes Social cohesion/reduced conflict  Theory of change  Theory of change  Theory of change Sport plus?

4. Self- efficacy [resilience] People's beliefs about their capabilities to influence immediate events that affect their lives. If I can't do a job the first time, I keep trying until I can. Planning, implementing and persistence Self-esteem Person 's overall evaluation or appraisal of her or his own worth ‘ I am a good person…as good as anyone else’ Fatalism The extent to which can influence what happens to us in life Extent to which events are predetermined and unalterable. ‘ people like me’ ….’education is of little use’ A few brief definitions Social efficacy Self-confidence about social skills in personal relationships

5. Outputs: opportunities  Sporting Inclusion Traditional SD/equity/target groups  Sporting Outcomes Skills/competences/rules/ethics   Individual impacts P ersonal/social development/gender attitudes Sport-for-Development: a brief overview   Individual outcomes Behaviours/relationships   ‘ Community’ outcomes Social cohesion/reduced conflict  Theory of change  Theory of change  Theory of change Sport plus?

6. Sport Magic box; social vaccine   Mechanisms, processes, experiences Necessary conditions  sufficient conditions Families of programmes  families of mechanisms Not ‘sport’  process is all Not ‘sport’  sport plus .is it even sport? Causation is contingent……………      ‘ Sport’ presumed to have causal powers  Closed system: medical/treatment model  Measure ‘outcomes’ It ‘s not what you do, but the way that you do it.

7. Self- efficacy Verbal persuasion Imitation and modelling Physiological arousal Performance Sources of perceived self - efficacy Beliefs about capabilities to influence events that affect their lives. “ If I can’t do a job first time, I keep on trying until I can”

8. Self- efficacy Verbal persuasion Imitation and modelling Physiological arousal Performance Sources of perceived self - efficacy Beliefs about capabilities to influence events that affect their lives. “ If I can’t do a job first time, I keep on trying until I can”

9. Social Climate and Self-Efficacy Motivational Climate Mastery Performance Effort & improvement Important role Cooperative learning Intra-team rivalry Unequal recognition Punishment of mistakes

10. Sports competence Perceived strength Physical condition Body Attractiveness Importance filter Self-efficacy Physical self-efficacy Importance filter Global self esteem        Source: K Fox (1990) Social acceptance Academic self-concept Role(s) competence Religion/culture Self-esteem Hierarchical and multidimensional model

11. Traffic Lights Correlation and meaning Traffic controlled by lights  Regularities of behaviour  Correlation: colour/observable behaviour But…... meaning of relationship?  General theory linking traffic signals/traffic movement

12. Sport Magic box; social vaccine   Mechanisms, processes, experiences Necessary conditions  sufficient conditions Families of programmes  families of mechanisms Not ‘sport’  process is all Not ‘sport’  sport plus .is it even sport? Causation is contingent……………      ‘ Sport’ presumed to have causal powers  Closed system: medical/treatment model  Measure ‘outcomes’ It ‘s not what you do, but the way that you do it.

13. Rosenberg Self-esteem scale For each of the statements below, indicate how much you agree or disagree with each statement: Strongly Strongly agree Agree Disagree disagree On the whole I am satisfied with myself     At times I think I am no good at all     I feel that I have a number of good     qualities I am able to do things as well as most     other people I feel I do not have much to be proud of     I certainly feel useless at times     I feel that I am a person of worth, at     least equal with others I wish I had more respect for myself     All in all, I am inclined to think that     I am a failure I take a positive attitude towards myself     Believing I can do  believing in me

14. A normal distribution Sport for ‘development’?

15. How can we ask him questions ?

17. Any questions?