1) The document discusses how fossils provide evidence against the theory of evolution by demonstrating that living things have remained unchanged for millions of years.
2) Many examples of fossils are presented, such as 50 million year old herring and crocodile fossils that are identical to modern-day specimens.
3) Fossils preserved in amber also show creatures from millions of years ago trapped in the exact same poses and forms as their living counterparts today, providing strong evidence against evolution.
Chapter 17
Evoution of Life
The Origin of Life
Did Life on Earth Originate on Mars?
Early Life on Earth
Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species
How Natural Selection Works
Adaptation
Staying Warm and Keeping Cool
Evolution and Genetics
How Species Form
Evidence of Evolution
Fossils: Earth's Tangible Evidence of Evolution
The Evolution of Humans
History of Science: The Peppered Moth
Science and Society: Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Delivered this as talk series on Evolution to some of my colleagues interested in systems thinking. It was a great learning for me and will incorporate it into a sequel later.
Updates:
1. Version 2013.11.23 - Reorganized some slides, added images and credits
2. Version 2013.11.25 - Reorganized presentation around three aspects. Added better intro.
3. Version 2013.11.26 - Updated implications aspect for global warming and behavioral sink.
4. Version 2013.11.27 - Updated taxonomy discussion.
5. V 2013.12.05 - Updated natural selection, convergent evolution and punctuated equilibrium. Reorg of slides.
6. V 2013.12.16 - Added chaos and self-organization slides.
7. V 2013.12.21 - Added extinctions and explosions.
8. V2013.12.23 - Added more chaos explanation and Wikipedia logo.
9. V2014.05.05 - Corrected spelling mistakes and cleaned up slides.
Origin Of Life: Are we here by chance? Theories on origin of life, Scientific and Special Creation. Different Theories of life's origin including Aristotle's theory, Pasteur, Redi and Leuwenhook experiment, Abiogenesis, etc.
Fossils and its evolutionary significance.
I tried to integrate basic and important concepts of evolution from different ppt that can be downloaded here in slideshare to have a consolidated theme about evolution.
This slide presentation aims to help teachers and students in studying biodiversity and evolution. It consists of images, definition of terms all related to biodiversity and evolution.
Chapter 17
Evoution of Life
The Origin of Life
Did Life on Earth Originate on Mars?
Early Life on Earth
Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species
How Natural Selection Works
Adaptation
Staying Warm and Keeping Cool
Evolution and Genetics
How Species Form
Evidence of Evolution
Fossils: Earth's Tangible Evidence of Evolution
The Evolution of Humans
History of Science: The Peppered Moth
Science and Society: Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Delivered this as talk series on Evolution to some of my colleagues interested in systems thinking. It was a great learning for me and will incorporate it into a sequel later.
Updates:
1. Version 2013.11.23 - Reorganized some slides, added images and credits
2. Version 2013.11.25 - Reorganized presentation around three aspects. Added better intro.
3. Version 2013.11.26 - Updated implications aspect for global warming and behavioral sink.
4. Version 2013.11.27 - Updated taxonomy discussion.
5. V 2013.12.05 - Updated natural selection, convergent evolution and punctuated equilibrium. Reorg of slides.
6. V 2013.12.16 - Added chaos and self-organization slides.
7. V 2013.12.21 - Added extinctions and explosions.
8. V2013.12.23 - Added more chaos explanation and Wikipedia logo.
9. V2014.05.05 - Corrected spelling mistakes and cleaned up slides.
Origin Of Life: Are we here by chance? Theories on origin of life, Scientific and Special Creation. Different Theories of life's origin including Aristotle's theory, Pasteur, Redi and Leuwenhook experiment, Abiogenesis, etc.
Fossils and its evolutionary significance.
I tried to integrate basic and important concepts of evolution from different ppt that can be downloaded here in slideshare to have a consolidated theme about evolution.
This slide presentation aims to help teachers and students in studying biodiversity and evolution. It consists of images, definition of terms all related to biodiversity and evolution.
The Theory of Evolution Essay
Evidence Of Evolution
The Future Of Human Evolution Essay
Why Does Evolution Happen
Evolution Essay
Essay on human evolution
The Theory of Evolution Essay
Essay on Evolution
Essay about Evidence for Evolution
The Theory of Evolution Essay
Creationism vs. Evolution Essay
Why Do You Believe In The Theory Of Evolution
human evolution, origin of life, big bang theory, theories on origin of life, evolution of life forms, experimental evidence on theory of chemical evolution, evidences of evolution, homology and analogy, biochemical and biogeographical evidences, adaptive radiation, lamarck's theory of evolution, darwins theory of evolution, mechanism of evolution, hardy weinberg principle, mutations
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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In line with generally accepted theories of evolution, Dinosaur extinction is currently believed to be due to climate change due to various causes. However this is not correct, being inconsistent with known facts. There are only two possibilities. Either Dinosaurs evolved to their extinction or evolved to some other phyletic lines or species with which ancestor – descendent relationship can’t be presently demonstrated.
Author: Dr Mahesh C. Jain is a practicing medical doctor and has written the book “Encounter of Science with Philosophy – A synthetic view”. The book begins with first chapter devoted to scientifically valid concept of God and then explains cosmic phenomena right from origin of nature and universe up to origin of life and evolution of man. The book includes several chapters devoted to auxiliary concepts and social sciences as corollaries to the concept of God. This is the only book which deals with origin of nature and universe from null or Zero or nothing. Chapter 30 of the book is about Evolution of Life wherein author has worked out a new theory about evolution of life.
Visit:http:// www.sciencengod.com
http://www.sciencengod.com/clipboard.htm
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. FOSSILS HAVE DISCREDITED EVOLUTION
INTRODUCTION
Around 150 years ago, the British naturalist Charles Darwin proposed a theoretical idea he had arrived
at, based on certain observations he had made on his travels: the theory of evolution!
Essentially, this theory consisted of various scenarios, assumptions and guesswork that Darwin had
conjured up in his own imagination.
According to his evolutionary scenario, he supposed that inanimate substances had combined as the
result of chance and given rise to the first living cell.
And, according to the myth of evolution—which was supported by no scientific findings whatsoever
—this single-celled organism slowly transformed itself over generations into other forms of life, again
as the result of various alleged and coincidental changes. In other words, it supposedly evolved.
According to the erroneous concept of evolution, all forms of life on Earth, from viruses to human
beings, came to be as the result of this fictitious process.
These claims of Darwin’s were of course based on no scientific evidence or findings.
However, since the scientific knowledge and technological means of the time were at a very primitive
level, the extent to which Darwin’s claims were nonsensical and unrealistic was not yet fully clear.
It was in such a climate as this that Darwin’s scenarios received immediate general acceptance from
certain circles.
Materialist circles in particular attached themselves blindly to the theory of evolution, since it rejected
the fact of creation. They even declared that it offered a scientific basis for their own atheistic and
materialist worldview.
From Darwin’s day to this, they have provided all forms of support in order to keep the theory alive.
They have conducted study after study, and experiment after experiment in the hopes of finding some
evidence that might support evolution.
Yet every study they have conducted, and every evidence they have obtained so far, has turned out to
be refuting evolution rather than confirming it!
Modern science and technology, which have made increasingly rapid advances since the beginning of
the 20th century, have revealed that there is no scientific basis at all to the theory of evolution.
All branches of science concerned with the subject—microbiology, biomathematics, cell biology,
biochemistry, genetics, anatomy, physiology, anthropology and paleontology—have produced
countless proofs demolishing the theory of evolution.
But the most important finding to demolish the claims of the theory of evolution has been the fossil
record.
Because countless fossils offer inescapable proof that living species on Earth have never undergone
the slightest change and did not develop into one another.
When the fossil record is examined, living things today are seen to be exactly the same as they were
hundreds of millions of years ago. In other words, they never underwent evolution.
2. Living creatures, even in the very earliest periods, had exactly the same perfect and superior
characteristics as their counterparts do today. Moreover, they emerged suddenly onto the world stage
with all their complex structures fully present.
This demonstrates the following irrefutable truth: Living things did not come into being through the
imaginary processes of the theory of evolution, but were created in a single moment!
The fact of Creation has once again been revealed in the traces of flawless living things left over from
long ago.
In this film, you will obtain a closer acquaintance with various fossils dating back millions of years
and can witness how they silently cry out to blind eyes and deaf ears “We are here. We did not come
into existence by chance, but were created. And we were exactly the same hundreds of millions of
years ago.”
WHAT ARE FOSSILS, AND HOW DO THEY FORM?
Fossils are the remains or traces of living things that existed eons ago in the past.
In the same way that some recent fossils are only thousands of years old, there are others that belong
to life forms that existed millions, even hundreds of millions of years ago.
Fossils, which have survived in the Earth’s strata for hundreds of millions of years right down to the
present day, are an indispensable source of information regarding the organisms that have lived on
Earth since life first began.
They provide concrete evidence as to what species existed in which periods.
Fossils come in various shapes and sizes, from entire skeletal remains right down to microscopic
traces on stones.
In order for a fossil to form, the body of a recently dead plant or animal has to be insulated from
contact with the air and the external environment, by being immediately covered in soil, mud or sand.
Over the months that follow, new layers of soil are laid down over the spot where the dead organism
lies buried.
These layers act as a special shield that protects the organic matter from external effects of air and
bacteria and physical wear and tear.
Ever more layers of mud and sediments are lain down, one atop the other, and within a few hundred
years, the remains of the once-living thing is now several meters beneath the Earth’s surface or the sea
bed.
Structures such as an animal’s bones, shell, scales and cartilage gradually begin to undergo chemical
degradation.
Subterranean waters begin seeping into the decaying tissues, and the minerals contained in these
waters gradually replace the chemicals in the tissues.
These minerals that replace the chemicals in the tissues are the building blocks of rocks, such as
calcite, pyrite, silica and iron, and are far more resistant to wear and erosion.
3. Thus over the course of millions of years, these minerals produce an exact stone copy of the original
structure by replacing the tissues within it.
The fossil maintains exactly the same shape and size as the original organism, but it is composed of
rock.
In scientific terminology, this process of fossilization is known as “permineralization.”
There are also a few other processes that can result in fossilization.
One of these is “carbonization.”
All the original elements, apart from carbon, disappear from the tissues that undergo the carbonization
process.
All that remains of the original structure is then a copy, consisting entirely of carbon.
By now, we have millions of fossil specimens collected from all over the world and catalogued in the
museums and collector’s cabinets of various countries.
All these fossil specimens reveal one very significant fact: All living things on Earth have maintained
the same shape, structure and characteristics since the moment they were first created.
Many life forms that existed in even the very earliest geological periods have come down to the
present day without undergoing even the slightest change.
There is no difference between these living things that existed hundreds of millions of years ago and
specimens living today. For example,
• Present-day grasshoppers are in all respects the same grasshoppers that lived 120 million years
ago.
In short, living things are exactly the same today as they were millions of years ago in the past.
Examples of Living Fossils
Presenter:
So far in this film, we have obtained local information about fossils. We have seen what fossils are,
and how they are formed. The fossil record heads the list of the major pieces of evidence that demolish
the theory of evolution. As you will probably know, the theory of evolution claims that living things
acquired their present perfect and complex structure during a process lasting many millions of years,
leading always from the primitive structures to the more advanced. The truth is very different
however! Because when you examine the fossil record with an unbiased eye, you can see, very clearly
and distinctly, that the life forms that existed millions of years ago were not primitive in the least.
The fossil you are seeing now, for example, was found in the Green River Formation in the state of
Wyoming in the USA. It dates back 50 million years. Let us now examine this fossil in a little more
detail. This large fish is a herring. When we examine it from close up, it is clearly identical to herrings
living in the present day. The fish’s mouth, for instance, the eye socket on the upper section, the gills
that enable it to breathe and the fins beneath its gills can all be seen very clearly.
Let us take an even closer look at our fossil. You can see very clearly the fish’s skeletal structure, and
even some tiny bones of that structure are all crystal clear. Next to it is another fossil. This one
4. belongs to another herring species. And like the other herring, it possesses exactly the same structure
as its descendants living today.
Now you are looking at another fossil, discovered in Asia. This one is a crocodile that dates back to
the Cretaceous Period. Paleontologists have established that this fossil is fully 100 million years old.
In other words, this crocodile lived 100 million years ago with exactly the same features as crocodiles
living today.
I am holding yet another fossil, a 75-million-year-old one that lived during the Cretaceous Period. As
you can clearly see, this fossil belongs to a baby shark, and displays exactly the same features as baby
sharks living today. When we look a little more closely at its general appearance, its head structure,
fins and tail structure, and even its skeletal structure can all be seen very clearly. This fossil once again
shows us a very important fact: that all living things had exactly the same perfect forms millions of
years ago as they do today.
I now have in my hand another fossil that refutes the theory of evolution. This one is of a lobster, and
paleontologists have established this fossil’s age at around 146 million years. As you can clearly see,
this fossil is completely identical to lobsters living in the present day. Its tail structure, body and legs,
for example, are all clearly preserved. And its pincers, of course, have also survived in a very clear,
distinct and perfectly preserved form.
I would now like to introduce you to a very small, but very significant, life form. This fossil belonged
to a trilobite. Paleontologists discovered this fossil in France. It is around 390 million years old.
Trilobites are just one of the striking species that completely dash the expectations of evolutionists. As
you may know, these animals came into being during the so-called Cambrian Explosion, that took
place some 550 million years ago, when a multitude of new life forms suddenly appeared in the fossil
record. The most crucial point—and one that evolutionists cannot explain away, is that these creatures
had no known forerunners or ancestors. This fact is now admitted by even evolutionist scientists.
These trilobites and all other life forms that existed during the period when they were alive were
created in a single moment by our Lord God, with no common ancestors behind them.
One of the main features of trilobites that baffles evolutionists is their compound eye structure. A
trilobite’s eye is made up of hundreds of minute compartments, each of which has a double-lens
system. This eye structure is identical to the eye structure in many creatures alive today, such as
spiders, bees and flies. Such a complex structure, appearing suddenly in a creature that existed some
500 million years ago, is more than sufficient to invalidate the chance-based theories of evolutionists.
Why? Because no such complex life forms ever existed during earlier geological periods. This goes to
show that trilobites came into being with no evolutionary process behind them.
As you will immediately recognize, this is a fossilized tiger skull. It was, again, discovered in Asia and
has been dated at around 20 million years old, which places it during the Miocene epoch. It has also
been perfectly preserved, especially in terms of the structure of its teeth which it used to capture prey.
This skull possesses exactly the same perfect structure, and characteristics as do the skulls of tigers
living today.
The next fossil is that of a scorpion, discovered in the Santana Formation in the Araripe region of
Brazil. Its age has been put at 110 million years. There is no difference between this fossil and
modern-day specimens. Its pincers, body, feet and tail are all identical to scorpions alive today.
The fossil you are looking at now is that of a shrimp, discovered in the Solnhofen Eichstatt region of
Germany and has been established to be 155 million years old. Again, it is clear that there is absolutely
no difference between this fossil, its structure and all its organs, and specimens living today. When we
look at this fossil up close, we see that it is identical to modern-day shrimps in every detail. Its head,
antennae, body shape, shell, legs and tail structure have all come down unchanged to its descendants
in the present day.
5. I would now like to introduce you to the fossil of a juvenile turtle from Asia, having been discovered
in China. It has been established to have lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Periods. The
age of this turtle is 120 million years, yet there is not the slightest difference between this fossil turtle
and specimens alive today. Its head structure, legs, and the shell encasing its body all clearly
demonstrate that these reptiles have remained unchanged for millions of years.
I am now holding the fossilized leaf of a plane tree. This was unearthed in Colorado and is around 50
million years old. This fossil, which has survived with all its details just as if it were a photograph, is
just one of the important pieces of fossil evidence that show that many such plants have come down to
the present day with their same perfect structures and have never undergone any structural changes.
You can now see a fossil bat, a member of the flying mammal class. This fossil was discovered in the
Frankfurt region of Germany. It has been established that it lived during the Eocene epoch, around 50
million years ago. When this fossil bat’s bone structure and anatomy are examined, we can clearly see
how bats living millions of years ago were identical to those living today—and how they have
undergone no changes and no supposed process of evolution at all.
I am now holding two separate fossils. One of them is a sunfish, the other a herring of the type we saw
earlier. Both lived at the same time. These fossils were, again, discovered in the Green River
Formation in Wyoming and have been established as being 50 million years old. Another important
feature of these two different fossils, of course, is that with all their perfect structures, they
demonstrate that these species were identical to specimens alive today. There is no difference between
these and living sunfish and herring. Their heads, eyes, gills, fins, bone structure and tail are all
identical to those of their present-day counterparts.
I am now holding a fossil from a somewhat younger geological stratum. This particular creature,
known as the pipefish, lived around 23 million years ago and was discovered in Italy. This vertebrate
dates back to the Miocene epoch, yet it has exactly the same characteristics as contemporary pipefish.
It is still yet another fossil that shows that a living species has come down to the present day
completely unaltered.
Creatures Trapped in Amber
One of the environments in which fossils have been preserved is amber.
Living things such as insects and even small reptiles are sometimes trapped inside the resins that ooze
from tree bark.
Over time, these resins gradually harden and turn into transparent amber that preserves the organism
inside it, virtually unchanged.
Since these small creatures trapped in amber are immediately and totally cut off from contact with the
surrounding atmosphere, their bodies survive in a near-perfect state of preservation over millions of
years, right down to the present day.
Creatures fossilized in amber show in the most dramatic way that there exists no difference between
living things that existed millions of years ago and were preserved in amber and their present-day
counterparts.
Fossils preserved in amber represent a major field of research for a great many scientists.
6. For example, entomologists Dr. George Poinar and Roberta Poinar, both from the University of
California at Berkeley, have carried out highly detailed studies of fossils preserved in amber in various
parts of the world, particularly those in the Dominican Republic.
For their book The Amber Forest, they brought together hundreds of fossils aged between 45 and 15
million years.
Fossilized specimens of many living things trapped in the act of carrying food back to the nest, in a
state of defense, attempting to camouflage themselves or defend their young, or releasing chemical
substances in order to neutralize predators have all been preserved—and now, displayed—in amber.
Like other fossils, these ones preserved in amber demonstrate one very significant fact: Living things
have remained unchanged for millions of years. In other words, they never underwent evolution.
Tens of thousands of fossils preserved in amber show that since the very earliest times, termites have
always remained termites, ants have always been ants, frogs have always been frogs, grasshoppers
have always been grasshoppers and moths have always been moths—and that none of them has ever
changed.
THE FACTS REVEALED BY FOSSILS
- No such thing as a “primitive life form” ever existed in any period of history!
As you know, the theory of evolution maintains that millions of years ago, the Earth must have been
entirely populated by primitive life forms.
Yet fossils tell us the exact opposite . . .
As you have seen throughout the course of this film, living things that existed hundreds of millions of
years ago are right before our eyes today. And contrary to what evolutionists claim, they are not
primitive at all.
Fossils document the fact that even in the very earliest times there existed living things with
exceptionally superior features and highly developed and complex structures.
When the evidence preserved in the fossil record is examined in detail, we can see creatures whose
body structures, organs and skeletons are identical, right down to the smallest detail, to specimens
alive today.
This fact of course completely undermines all the myths and scenarios suggested by the theory of
evolution.
Because what it means is that over the course of millions of years, no supposed evolutionary process
from the primitive to the more advanced ever actually happened.
- The “intermediate life forms” imagined by evolutionists never existed at any time!
According to the theory of evolution, over the passage of eons, all living things descended from one
another by means of gradual changes.
Yet if this claim of evolution were true, then flawed, imperfect, under-developed, intermediate forms
representing such an imaginary process must once have existed.
7. For example, half-fish and half-reptilian creatures must once have existed, having acquired certain
reptilian characteristics while still retaining fish-like ones.
Or creatures displaying both reptilian and bird-like characteristics should have appeared.
Furthermore, there must have been millions, even billions more of these intermediate forms than
existing species.
And naturally we should have encountered plentiful fossils of these intermediate forms in rock strata
all over the world.
As a result, all the museums in the world should have been displaying fossils of half-fish/half-reptiles;
half-reptile/half-birds; semi-finned, semi-tailed, half-winged, half-legged, eyeless, earless, one-eyed,
one-eared life forms—all imperfect and deficient in some way.
Darwin, who was well aware of this fact, said this in his book The Origin of Species:
If my theory be true, numberless intermediate varieties, linking most closely all of the species
of the same group together must assuredly have existed . . . Consequently evidence of their
former existence could be found only amongst fossil remains.
(Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, p. 179.)
When we look at the fossil record, however, we see no intermediate forms at all.
On the contrary, we encounter fully formed, flawless, complex and perfect life forms. Those that have
not gone extinct are no different from those living today.
Darwin was also aware of the complete lack of the intermediate form fossils he had proposed.
In fact, he even predicted that this would represent a major stumbling block for his theory.
He therefore wrote the following in the chapter titled “Difficulties on Theory” in The Origin of
Species:
. . . Why, if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we
not everywhere see innumerable transitional forms? Why is not all nature in confusion instead
of the species being, as we see them, well defined? . . . But, as by this theory innumerable
transitional forms must have existed, why do we not find them embedded in countless
numbers in the crust of the earth? . . . Why then is not every geological formation and every
stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely
graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the most obvious and gravest objection which
can be urged against my theory.
(Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 140,
141, 227.)
And Darwin’s fears did indeed become a reality.
For some 150 years now, evolutionists have been digging through the Earth’s geologic strata, but have
never encountered even one single intermediate form, of which there should, according to their own
calculations, be trillions.
Fictitious and deceptive concepts produced by evolutionists, such as “primitive life forms,” “gradual
evolution,” “transition among species,” “intermediate forms” and “missing links” have been consigned
to the realm of myth by “living fossils.”
8. - Intermediate forms will never be unearthed in the future, either!
Faced with this intermediate-form dilemma, Darwin’s only explanation was that the fossil record of
his time was insufficient.
In putting forward his theory, Darwin claimed that living species are evolved from one another, and
when the fossil record is examined millions of intermediate forms will be found, in the hope that these
would be discovered in due course.
The fact is, however, that today’s fossil record is sufficiently rich to completely demolish Darwin’s
claim.
Between Darwin’s time and the present day, some 100 million fossils belonging to 250,000 species
recorded by scientists have been collected, yet there is not one single intermediate form fossil among
them.
Today, 99% of the fossils in the Earth’s strata have been unearthed and examined. The total absence of
any such “transitional” fossils among them shows that it is logically impossible that these imaginary
life forms will suddenly emerge from the remaining 1%.
To hope, nonetheless, that intermediate life forms will one day be found is nothing more than
evolutionist wishful thinking.
Thomas Neville George, a professor of geology of the University of Glasgow, admitted as much a
long time ago:
There is no need to apologize any longer for the poverty of the fossil record. In some ways it
has become almost unmanageably rich, and discovery is outpacing integration . . . The fossil
record nevertheless continues to be composed mainly of gaps.
(T. N. George, "Fossils in Evolutionary Perspective," Science Progress, Vol. 48, January
1960, pp. 1, 3.)
Evolutionists constantly attempt to answer the question of how life emerged and developed by
resorting to speculation. But were they to interpret fossils going back hundreds of millions of years in
an unprejudiced and objective manner, they would easily find the answer to that question: Life and the
universe itself are not the work of blind chance; and all things, living or otherwise, were created by
Almighty God.
- Living things never evolved, but were created in a single moment!
All the fossils unearthed from excavations reveal that in all periods of history, living things were
created in a perfect and complete manner with no evolutionary forerunners.
Fossils in strata of the Cambrian Period, dating back some 600 million years, once again prove that
highly complex living species appeared suddenly on Earth without any ancestors. In other words, they
were created.
The fossil record is now sufficiently rich for us to understand the true origin of life. It shows us that at
no time in the past did living things ever undergo any process of transition from the primitive to the
more highly developed.
On the contrary, each species appeared suddenly on Earth, with the same complex structure and
features as its counterparts alive today.
9. Evolutionists, who have been digging up all the Earth’s strata in the hope of finding evidence for their
theory for the last 150 years or so, have in fact themselves exhumed proof that demonstrates that their
theory is false and instead, that creation is an indisputable fact.
EVOLUTIONISTS’ ATTEMPTS TO CONCEAL FOSSILS
From time to time, newspapers and magazines carry reports with such headlines as “200-Million-
Year-Old Mosquito Fossil Discovered” “30-Million-Year-Old Lizard Unearthed.”
Readers of such reports may think that there is something special about such events, that such fossils
are discovered only rarely.
But the truth is very different.
A large part of the Earth’s strata is full of fossilized specimens of life forms that existed millions of
years ago.
A great many of these have been unearthed and placed under protection in countries’ museums.
Yet such fossils are constantly being unearthed in excavations today.
Hundreds of thousands of fossilized spiders, ants, flies, scorpions, crabs, and frogs—all millions of
years old—and fossils of a great many other species, some extinct and others not, are stored away in
museums.
Yet their huge numbers are not reflected in any books or newspapers. Scientific journals, forums and
discussion panels never refer to them.
And why not?
Because every fossil discovered, by itself, constitutes a fresh piece of evidence arguing against the
theory of evolution.
Every fossil specimen found is sufficiently persuasive to destroy the theory to which Darwinists have
dedicated their lives.
For that reason, some evolutionists have tried to keep such fossils well concealed.
Even today, evolutionists are still resorting to the same methods of covering up evidence that
disproves their theory.
The most significant examples of living fossils, once discovered, are quietly hidden away.
If all these fossils concealed in museum storage were made available for public examination, the truth
would clearly emerge.
Yet most scientists lack the courage to take such a step, because it would totally demolish the theory
of evolution.
But any theory that must conceal the contradictory scientific evidence and seek to establish its
credentials through fraud and deception, has in any case declared its own bankruptcy.
Evolutionists are well aware that all the scientific evidence collected shows that the “evolutionary
process” is nothing more than a myth.
10. Living fossils—and indeed, all other species living today—are the work of God, the Lord and Creator
of all things, Who created them millions of years ago and has preserved them in their perfect forms
right down to the present.
Throughout history, Darwinists have been terrified that this manifest truth would come to light.
But this clear and indisputable fact is now plain for all to see. And all Darwinists’ endeavors in the
face of it have been in vain.
Falsehood has been eradicated by the truth and God, Lord of the worlds, has once again revealed His
greatness and might in the most perfect way:
We did not create heaven and Earth and everything in between them as a game. If We had
desired to have some amusement, We would have derived it from Our Presence, but We
did not do that. Rather We hurl the truth against falsehood and it cuts right through it
and it vanishes clean away! Woe without end for you for what you portray!
(Surat al-Anbiya’, 16-18)
SCREEN TEXTS
00.38 – 00.41
FOSSILS HAVE DISCREDITED EVOLUTION
00.45 – 00.48
Britain, 19th
century
1:08-1:11
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
01.46-01.58
Imaginary “conjectural” illustrations by evolutionists
02.05-02.19
Imaginary reconstructions produced by evolutionists to support their claims
04:39-04:41
Fossil Record
04:42 –04:47
A 50-million-year-old turtle
04:48-04:54
A shrimp and fish, both 127 million years old
05:02-05:08
A 54-million-year-old herring
11. 05:12-05:18
A 156-million-year-old dragonfly
05:18- 05:22
A present-day dragonfly
05:23- 05:27
A 110-million-year-old scorpion
05:28-05:31
A scorpion alive today
05:32- 05:40
A 208-million-year-old shrimp
05:41- 05:45
A modern-day shrimp
05:46 –05:52
A 50-million-year-old bat
05:52 –05:58
A present-day bat
06:34-06:42
A 54-million-year-old herring
06:42- 06:50
A 125-million-year-old crayfish
06:50-06:55
A 500-million-year-old starfish
06:55- 07:00
A 26-million-year-old seahorse
07:07-07:15
A 54-million-year-old turtle
07:20- 07:25
WHAT ARE FOSSILS, AND HOW DO THEY FORM?
07:34- 07:39
A 23-million-year-old crab
07:39- 07:43
A 10-million-year-old dragonfly larva
07:43-07:46
A 50-thousand-year-old bear skull
07:46-07:50
A 55-million-year-old frog
12. 07:51-07:56
A 54-million-year-old perch
07:57-08:03
A 155-million-year-old lobster
08:03-08:08
A 450-million-year-old horseshoe crab
08:30- 08:35
A 54-million-year-old garfish
08:35-08:41
A 54-million-year-old perch
08:49-08:57
A 125-million-year-old cockroach
08:58-09:04
A 125-million-year-old grasshopper
09:04- 09:12
A 156-million-year-old stonefly
10:19 Subterranean Waters
10:33 CaCO3 FeS2
SiO2 Fe
11:18
Permineralization
11:31
Carbonization
12:32-12:43
A 240-million-year-old coelacanth
12:44-12:50
A coelacanth living today
12:51 –12:59
A 245-million-year-old crinoid
13:05- 13:15
A modern-day crinoid
13:15-13:23
A 54-million-year-old ray
A ray living today
A 390-million-year-old starfish
13. A starfish living today
A grasshopper living today
A 120-million-year-old grasshopper
A crab living today
A 25-million-year-old crab
A nautilus living today
A 114-million-year-old nautilus
A 113-million-year-old nautilus
A 114-million-year-old nautilus
A present-day cormorant
An 18-million-year-old cormorant’s skull
A 145-million-year-old oak leaf, and a living specimen
A razorfish living today
A 6-million-year-old razorfish
A present-day mayfly larva
A 156-million-year-old mayfly larva
A rabbit living today
A 33-million-year-old rabbit
14. A modern-day trout
A 50-million-year-old trout
A 360-million-year-old fern, and a living specimen
A 208-million-year-old billfish
A present-day billfish
EXAMPLES OF LIVING FOSSILS
17:19
50-million-year-old herrings
19:04
A 100-million-year-old crocodile
20:06
A 75-million-year-old shark
22:48
A 146-million-year-old lobster
23:53
A 390-million-year-old trilobite
26:10
A 20-million-year-old tiger skull
26:55
A 110-million-year-old scorpion
27:29
A 155-million-year-old shrimp
28:37
A 120-million-year-old turtle
29:22
A 50-million-year-old plane tree leaf
30:09
A 50-million-year-old bat
30:59
A 50-million-year-old sunfish
15. 31:59
A 23-million-year-old pipefish
CREATURES TRAPPED IN AMBER
33:23
A 20-million-year-old flying ant
A 54-million-year-old wasp
A 45-million-year-old true midge
A 38-million-year-old bee
A 50-million-year-old fly
A 24-million-year-old coleopteran
A 20-million-year-old bark beetle
A 40-million-year-old grasshopper
A 20-million-year-old winged ant
A 34-million-year-old snout beetle
A 45-million-year-old true midge
A 40-million-year-old planthopper
A modern-day planthopper
A 38-million-year-old jumping spider
A present-day jumping spider
A 40-million-year-old worker ant
16. A present-day worker ant
A 54-million-year-old wasp
A present-day wasp
A 20-million-year-old winged termite
A present-day winged termite
A 40-million-year-old mosquito
A present-day mosquito
A 38-million-year-old assassin bug
A present-day assassin bug
A 45-million-year-old biting midge
A present-day biting midge
A 54-million-year-old caddisfly
A present-day caddisfly
A 38-million-year-old pseudoscorpion
A present-day pseudoscorpion
39:07
A 50-million-year-old spider
A present-day spider
A 25-million-year-old mantis
A present-day mantis
17. Winged termite
Worker ant
Frog
Grasshopper
Moth
A 50-million-year-old scorpion
A present-day scorpion
A 20-million-year-old bee
A present-day bee
A 40-million-year-old earwig
A present-day earwig
A 50-million-year-old millipede
A present-day millipede
A 50-million-year-old aphid
A present-day aphid
A 54-million-year-old caterpillar
A present-day caterpillar
A 50-million-year-old fly
18. A 34-million-year-old gnat
A 34-million-year-old flying termite
A 38-million-year-old rove beetle
A 20-million-year-old spider and its web
A 45-million-year-old dance fly
A 50-million-year-old fly
A 45-million-year-old true midge
THE FACTS REVEALED BY FOSSILS
No such thing as a “primitive life form” ever existed in any period of history!
Evolutionists’ imaginary illustrations
A 450-million-year-old horseshoe crab
A present-day horseshoe crab
A 208-million-year-old lobster
A present-day lobster
A 95-million-year-old flying fish
A present-day flying fish
A 100-million-year-old crocodile
A 50-million-year-old bat
19. A 6-million-year-old razorfish
A 125-million-year-old crayfish
Evolutionists’ imaginary illustrations
The “intermediate life forms” imagined by evolutionists never existed at any time!
Evolutionists’ imaginary illustrations
The imaginary intermediate life forms that evolutionists allege must have once existed
The imaginary intermediate life forms that evolutionists allege must have once existed
46:14
If my theory be true, numberless intermediate varieties, linking most closely all of the species of
the same group together must assuredly have existed . . . Consequently evidence of their former
existence could be found only amongst fossil remains.
(Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, p. 179)
A 54-million-year-old perch
A 25-million-year-old crab
A 50-million-year-old turtle
A 33-million-year-old fly
A 127-million-year-old shrimp and fish
. . . Why, if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we not
everywhere see innumerable transitional forms? Why is not all nature in confusion instead of the
20. species being, as we see them, well defined? . . . But, as by this theory innumerable transitional forms
must have existed, why do we not find them embedded in countless numbers in the crust of the earth? .
. . Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links?
Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the
most obvious and gravest objection which can be urged against my theory.
(Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 140, 141,
227.)
49:22
Intermediate forms will never be unearthed in the future, either!
50:17
100 million fossils from 250,000 species
50:41
By now, 99% of fossils have been unearthed.
There is no need to apologize any longer for the poverty of the fossil record. In some ways it has
become almost unmanageably rich, and discovery is outpacing integration. . . . The fossil record
nevertheless continues to be composed mainly of gaps.
(T. N. George, "Fossils in Evolutionary Perspective," Science Progress, Vol. 48, January 1960, pp. 1,
3.)
51:56
A 156-million-year-old spider
A present-day spider
A 26-million-year-old seahorse
A present-day seahorse
100 milyon yıllık zargana
A present-day needlefish
A 1.8-million-year-old tarbug
21. A present-day tarbug
A 500-million-year-old starfish
A present-day starfish
A 50-million-year-old bird
A present-day bird
53:23
Living things never evolved, but were created in a single moment!
53:38
A 45-million-year-old spider
A 54-million-year-old turtle
A 20-million-year-old winged ant
A 54-million-year-old herring
54:17
A 410-million-year-old trilobite
A 420-million-year-old starfish
55:54
Evolutionists’ Attempts to Conceal Fossils
A 156-million-year-old spider
A 40-million-year-old worker ant
A 40-million-year-old mosquito
A 110-million-year-old scorpion
A 23-million-year-old crab
22. A 55-million-year-old frog
A 140-million-year-old bird (L. longitudes)
A 100-million-year-old viperfish
A 54-million-year-old perch
A 50-million-year-old turtle
A 20-million-year-old winged ant
A 120-million-year-old grasshopper
57:05
30-Million-Year-Old Lizard Unearthed
200-Million-Year-Old Mosquito Fossil Discovered
450-Million-Year-Old Ivory Fossil Discovered
6-Million-Year-Old Tree Fossil Discovered
70-Million-Year-Old Fossil Discovered in Japan
58:54
A 50-million-year-old trout
We did not create heaven and Earth and everything in between them as a game. If We had
desired to have some amusement, We would have derived it from Our Presence, but We did not
do that. Rather We hurl the truth against falsehood and it cuts right through it and it vanishes
clean away! Woe without end for you for what you portray! (Surat al-Anbiya’, 16-18)