The document discusses open source and free software tools. It provides biographies of key figures in the open source movement like Richard Stallman and Mark Shuttleworth. It also summarizes the Open Source Definition and compares it to the Free Software Definition, noting they have different focuses - open source prioritizes individual interests while free software emphasizes social interests and copyleft licensing.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Duis ut imperdiet enim. Donec lectus eros, luctus quis dapibus ac, posuere sed dolor. Sed id orci at sapien hendrerit adipiscing et at enim. Nam eu adipiscing mauris. Nulla aliquam nisl nec risus viverra elementum. Maecenas facilisis.
This document discusses cartographic language and portrayal in topographic maps. It analyzes stylistic diversity in 20 European 1:50,000 scale topographic maps, finding diversity in features symbolized, level of detail, and map legends. Political independence also influences cartographic language, as seen in maps of Slovenia and Latvia from the Yugoslav/Soviet eras versus their independent maps. The limits of a map's language influence how readers understand the landscape.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Duis ut imperdiet enim. Donec lectus eros, luctus quis dapibus ac, posuere sed dolor. Sed id orci at sapien hendrerit adipiscing et at enim. Nam eu adipiscing mauris. Nulla aliquam nisl nec risus viverra elementum. Maecenas facilisis.
This document discusses cartographic language and portrayal in topographic maps. It analyzes stylistic diversity in 20 European 1:50,000 scale topographic maps, finding diversity in features symbolized, level of detail, and map legends. Political independence also influences cartographic language, as seen in maps of Slovenia and Latvia from the Yugoslav/Soviet eras versus their independent maps. The limits of a map's language influence how readers understand the landscape.
Did you ever fly around a country in 3D? In your standard web browser? Without plugins? 3D for the web is an emerging technology. WebGL enables web browsers to exploit the GPU of a computer to create beautiful and fast 3D worlds. It is time for web geoportals to go 3D. swisstopo was able to create a 3D viewer for the geoportal of the swiss confederation map.geo.admin.ch. We'll show you how it was done - and how Open Source enabled it.
Links to project: https://github.com/geoadmin/mf-geoadmin3
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial. Muchos países experimentaron fuertes caídas en el PIB y aumentos en el desempleo debido a los cierres generalizados y las restricciones a los viajes. Aunque las vacunas ofrecen esperanza de una recuperación económica en 2021, el panorama a corto plazo sigue siendo incierto dado el resurgimiento de casos en algunas partes del mundo.
The document discusses emerging technologies that allow for new ways of interacting with and visualizing map data. It highlights several open data sources and examples of how data from these sources has been used and integrated into interactive maps and applications. It also considers how mapmaking roles may evolve as more people are able to access and work with geographic data.
This document provides an overview and introduction to free and open source tools by H.S. Rai. It summarizes Rai's background and experience working with open source software since 1997. It also describes some commonly used open source GIS tools like OpenStreetMap, QGIS, GRASS, and SAGA and how they can be used for tasks like mapping, spatial analysis, and automation of geospatial work flows. Rai hopes to continue the discussion in Part II of the presentation.
1) The document discusses challenges with 3D visualization of geographic and mapping data compared to traditional 2D representations.
2) Specifically, it notes that symbols used in 2D maps do not always translate well to 3D environments and questions whether a single symbol set can represent information effectively in both 2D and 3D.
3) The document explores issues with scales, perspectives, lighting and other factors that make consistent representation of symbols across dimensions difficult.
The document summarizes the redesign of the Swiss geoportal geo.admin.ch. It describes the issues with the previous version from 2013, which had separate desktop and mobile codebases using outdated technologies. It outlines the mandatory redesign and development to a single responsive codebase using modern open-source technologies like OpenLayers 3, Bootstrap, and AngularJS. The new design focuses on simplifying and centralizing key functions like search, navigation and map display to provide fast, usable access to Switzerland's geodata for all users.
Cartography and Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT): Actionable Knowledge for Human Security - by Max Baber, United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation
The document discusses mapping open data and open access using OS data to create basemaps similar to Google Maps. It describes how map tiles can be used to optimize performance and flexibility when merging layers. The viaEuropa tool is introduced as a way to import, style, and render OS data into map tiles to build customizable basemaps that can be accessed on desktop, web, and mobile applications using common APIs and frameworks. Universal accessibility is highlighted as an important design consideration.
Active Transportation Consulting PortfolioAnthony Smith
This document outlines a framework for measuring indicators of community health and well-being based on future land use and transportation planning scenarios. It summarizes work analyzing the City of Abbotsford's Official Community Plan using geographic information systems. Key findings include:
- Eleven design indicators across seven categories were identified to measure health impacts of planning scenarios. These included density, access, and natural areas.
- Studies show relationships between walking and access to services/mixed uses within 800m network buffers of homes. Larger scale indicators can also be used.
- Scenarios for Abbotsford included population and employment projections, built environment typologies, and transportation networks. Indicators were calculated and maps/dashboards developed
Digital cartography and natural disaster managementGCUF
The document discusses the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in disaster management. It explains that GIS allows users to create interactive maps to analyze spatial data and present results. GIS can be used to create hazard maps, locate critical facilities, and help people in disasters. It is useful for planning, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts by mapping high-risk areas, emergency locations, infrastructure damage, and more. GIS data helps assess needs before, during, and after disasters.
This document outlines the process of creating a custom digital map server. It discusses digital mapping, OpenStreetMap, building an OSM tile server, and features of the custom map server like high zoom levels, search, and measurement tools. The document was created by Parveen Arora for their 6-week digital mapping training program at Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College under the guidance of Dr. H.S Rai.
- The document discusses providing 3D modeling and GIS services for existing facility data management in Iraq, including collecting accurate survey data, developing 3D models and geodatabases, and training local teams.
- A balanced approach of high-accuracy data collection using GNSS and processing in GIS and CAD software will enable developing detailed 3D models and rich geodatabases.
- The services include field data collection, 3D modeling, developing site plans, training local staff, and establishing a framework to support future projects.
1. Cartography remains an important part of GIS output as GIS has matured and more is now expected and demanded from GIS investments.
2. The GeoPDF format is an example of an ideal output for cartography that supports interactive maps, layers, and measurement tools within free Adobe Reader.
3. Cartographic professionals need to help shape the GIS industry agenda to ensure output tools are fit for purpose and basic cartographic principles and design are followed.
Did you ever fly around a country in 3D? In your standard web browser? Without plugins? 3D for the web is an emerging technology. WebGL enables web browsers to exploit the GPU of a computer to create beautiful and fast 3D worlds. It is time for web geoportals to go 3D. swisstopo was able to create a 3D viewer for the geoportal of the swiss confederation map.geo.admin.ch. We'll show you how it was done - and how Open Source enabled it.
Links to project: https://github.com/geoadmin/mf-geoadmin3
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial. Muchos países experimentaron fuertes caídas en el PIB y aumentos en el desempleo debido a los cierres generalizados y las restricciones a los viajes. Aunque las vacunas ofrecen esperanza de una recuperación económica en 2021, el panorama a corto plazo sigue siendo incierto dado el resurgimiento de casos en algunas partes del mundo.
The document discusses emerging technologies that allow for new ways of interacting with and visualizing map data. It highlights several open data sources and examples of how data from these sources has been used and integrated into interactive maps and applications. It also considers how mapmaking roles may evolve as more people are able to access and work with geographic data.
This document provides an overview and introduction to free and open source tools by H.S. Rai. It summarizes Rai's background and experience working with open source software since 1997. It also describes some commonly used open source GIS tools like OpenStreetMap, QGIS, GRASS, and SAGA and how they can be used for tasks like mapping, spatial analysis, and automation of geospatial work flows. Rai hopes to continue the discussion in Part II of the presentation.
1) The document discusses challenges with 3D visualization of geographic and mapping data compared to traditional 2D representations.
2) Specifically, it notes that symbols used in 2D maps do not always translate well to 3D environments and questions whether a single symbol set can represent information effectively in both 2D and 3D.
3) The document explores issues with scales, perspectives, lighting and other factors that make consistent representation of symbols across dimensions difficult.
The document summarizes the redesign of the Swiss geoportal geo.admin.ch. It describes the issues with the previous version from 2013, which had separate desktop and mobile codebases using outdated technologies. It outlines the mandatory redesign and development to a single responsive codebase using modern open-source technologies like OpenLayers 3, Bootstrap, and AngularJS. The new design focuses on simplifying and centralizing key functions like search, navigation and map display to provide fast, usable access to Switzerland's geodata for all users.
Cartography and Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT): Actionable Knowledge for Human Security - by Max Baber, United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation
The document discusses mapping open data and open access using OS data to create basemaps similar to Google Maps. It describes how map tiles can be used to optimize performance and flexibility when merging layers. The viaEuropa tool is introduced as a way to import, style, and render OS data into map tiles to build customizable basemaps that can be accessed on desktop, web, and mobile applications using common APIs and frameworks. Universal accessibility is highlighted as an important design consideration.
Active Transportation Consulting PortfolioAnthony Smith
This document outlines a framework for measuring indicators of community health and well-being based on future land use and transportation planning scenarios. It summarizes work analyzing the City of Abbotsford's Official Community Plan using geographic information systems. Key findings include:
- Eleven design indicators across seven categories were identified to measure health impacts of planning scenarios. These included density, access, and natural areas.
- Studies show relationships between walking and access to services/mixed uses within 800m network buffers of homes. Larger scale indicators can also be used.
- Scenarios for Abbotsford included population and employment projections, built environment typologies, and transportation networks. Indicators were calculated and maps/dashboards developed
Digital cartography and natural disaster managementGCUF
The document discusses the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in disaster management. It explains that GIS allows users to create interactive maps to analyze spatial data and present results. GIS can be used to create hazard maps, locate critical facilities, and help people in disasters. It is useful for planning, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts by mapping high-risk areas, emergency locations, infrastructure damage, and more. GIS data helps assess needs before, during, and after disasters.
This document outlines the process of creating a custom digital map server. It discusses digital mapping, OpenStreetMap, building an OSM tile server, and features of the custom map server like high zoom levels, search, and measurement tools. The document was created by Parveen Arora for their 6-week digital mapping training program at Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College under the guidance of Dr. H.S Rai.
- The document discusses providing 3D modeling and GIS services for existing facility data management in Iraq, including collecting accurate survey data, developing 3D models and geodatabases, and training local teams.
- A balanced approach of high-accuracy data collection using GNSS and processing in GIS and CAD software will enable developing detailed 3D models and rich geodatabases.
- The services include field data collection, 3D modeling, developing site plans, training local staff, and establishing a framework to support future projects.
1. Cartography remains an important part of GIS output as GIS has matured and more is now expected and demanded from GIS investments.
2. The GeoPDF format is an example of an ideal output for cartography that supports interactive maps, layers, and measurement tools within free Adobe Reader.
3. Cartographic professionals need to help shape the GIS industry agenda to ensure output tools are fit for purpose and basic cartographic principles and design are followed.
The document discusses open source software licenses. It defines open source and compares it to public domain and freeware licenses. The main open source licenses discussed are the GNU General Public License (GPL) and Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) license. The GPL requires derivatives to also use the GPL while the BSD allows derivatives to use other licenses. Pros of open source development cited include peer review, motivated community contributions, and avoidance of vendor lock-in. Potential cons include projects becoming niche or fragmented.
A primer on adapting open source software to an IT service organization. Focuses on how open source licenses are different and how it may affect your business model and intellectual property.
Expert Lecture delivered at K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik (INDIA)
by,
Tushar B Kute (Asst. Professor, Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre, Nashik)
Open source licensing can be complicated for laypeople to understand. The document discusses some key concepts around open source licensing including:
- Open source licenses like the GPL require sharing source code modifications, while permissive licenses like MIT do not.
- Choosing an open source license has legal implications for how software can be used and modified. Strong copyleft licenses like GPL require any changes be shared.
- Understanding license compatibility and how licenses apply to derivatives is important, as mixing licenses could require releasing entire works under more restrictive terms.
Open source software vs proprietary softwareLavan1997
The document discusses and compares open source software and proprietary software. Open source software is software with source code that is available and may be redistributed and modified under an open source license. Proprietary software is licensed under exclusive legal rights that restrict uses like modification and redistribution. Some key differences discussed include open source software being collaboratively developed while proprietary software owners control exclusive rights over the software.
The document summarizes a debate on open source versus proprietary software. It discusses definitions of open source software, popular open source licenses, and advantages of open source such as customizability, security, and lower costs. Open source is gaining adoption in government and enterprise due to benefits like avoiding vendor lock-in, lower costs, and higher quality from community contributions. Surveys find increasing enterprise adoption rates, with over 50% of new software to be open source in the next 5 years. Microsoft is also increasingly supporting open source.
This document summarizes an article about open source software. It discusses the history and concepts of open source software, including how Richard Stallman developed the GNU operating system using a copyleft license to ensure code remained open. Open source allows for customization, widespread bug fixing, and ongoing innovation as many programmers can contribute. The decentralized model of open source results in higher quality software. The future implications on software protection are discussed.
Open Source Software: An Edge For Your Growing BusinessPromet Source
This document provides an overview of open source software, including defining it, discussing its uses and restrictions, and how businesses can generate revenue from open source software. Open source software is subject to an open source license that requires access to source code and allows modifications and redistribution. It has advantages for businesses like lower costs, avoidance of vendor lock-in, and greater adaptability. However, it also has restrictions like requiring access to source code and allowing further modifications. The document discusses open source licenses like GPL in more detail and addresses common questions about open source software.
The document discusses open source software, including its history, definitions, common licenses, and popular packages. It provides facts about open source usage, outlines how Richard Stallman and Linus Torvalds helped establish open source concepts. The benefits are listed as cost savings, increased users, scalability, longevity, and innovation due to collaboration. Popular licenses mentioned are GPL, LGPL, BSD and Apache. Development tools highlighted are Linux, Android, MySQL, PHP and Python.
The document discusses open source software and how companies can generate revenue from open source business models without traditional licensing fees. It describes several common business models including support and services, loss leaders to promote other products, customization services, and brand licensing. The document also discusses other motives for companies beyond direct revenue, such as using the free infrastructure of open source development and indirect revenues from related products. It notes that programmers are motivated by technological and learning benefits from the feedback of large, open communities rather than direct economic benefits from companies.
This document provides an overview of open source software and open development. It discusses the history of open source software and definitions of key terms. It also presents two case studies of successful open source projects: TexGen, a textile CAD modeler, and Apache Wookie, a widget server. Both projects benefited from collaboration, publicity, and new partnerships by being open source. The document also briefly covers legal aspects of open source like copyright.
We take a look closer look at the GPL license that is used by a lot of open source software. What is GPL? When is GPL it used? How to apply it to WordPress?
This document provides an overview of Ortus Solutions, an established software development firm that specializes in mobile and web application design and development. It has created over 250 web development tools and is an open source software publisher. The document discusses open source vs proprietary software and the history of open source adoption. It also covers various open source licenses like MIT, Apache 2.0, GPL, LGPL, MPL and their differences. Finally, it discusses strategies for monetizing open source software through services, subscriptions and commercial versions.
The document discusses open source GIS software as an alternative to proprietary GIS software. It defines what open source means, including allowing free redistribution, access to source code, allowing modifications, and non-discrimination. It also discusses concerns about open source adoption in government. However, it argues that open source GIS software can meet requirements for fitness of purpose, value for money, and low risk. Choosing sustainable open source projects with large user bases can help minimize risks. Open source GIS software is now mature and interoperable enough to consider for commercial use.
Open Source software can be found everywhere, from WiFi routers to the largest web sites on the Internet. This presentation looks at how it all got started and what it can mean for you.
The document provides an overview of open source licensing. It defines open source software as software with an open source license that gives users the rights to use, modify, and distribute the software as well as access its source code. Prominent open source programs and vendors are listed. The history and roles of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) and Open Source Definition (OSD) are described. Common open source licenses like the GPL, BSD, and Mozilla licenses are outlined and compared. The risks and benefits of open source software are briefly discussed.
This document provides instructions for connecting to a remote GNU/Linux server for a laboratory session. It lists the server name as code.gdy.club, the user ID as the student's roll number, the password which can be obtained from the Applied Science Department office, and the port as 22. It describes using the Mosh software to connect via typing "mosh username@servername" in the terminal. It outlines accepting the host key when first connecting and entering the password when prompted.
Lecture delivered World Habitat Day, celebrated by Institute of Engineers (India), Ludhiana Local chapter, at Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
QCAD is 2D computer-aided drafting software that can be used to create technical drawings for engineering projects like building plans, mechanical parts, and more. It supports common CAD features like layers, blocks, various drawing entities, and exporting to formats like DXF and PDF. QCAD has a multi-document interface and offers over 200 undo/redo levels. It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux and is open source, making it a free and full-featured alternative to paid CAD software like AutoCAD.
QCad is a 2D CAD software package available for Linux, Mac OS X, Unix, and Windows. It uses the AutoCAD DXF file format and has features like layer support, blocks, dimensions, and the ability to import and export many file formats. QCad is developed by RibbonSoft and has a community edition released under the GPL and a professional edition with additional functionality available.
TurboCAD is a 2D and 3D CAD software application originally developed in South Africa in 1986. It runs on Windows and Mac operating systems. Over time, TurboCAD added support for additional hardware, expanded to international markets through localized versions, and transitioned from 2D drafting to include 3D modeling capabilities. It is currently on version 16 and remains a popular CAD software option.
CADopia is a presentation by Achintya Mohnish, a civil engineering student with roll number 100082. The presentation introduces CADopia, which is a software for computer-aided design. CADopia allows engineers to design structures digitally in 3D with precision and accuracy.
Felix CAD is a 2D CAD software created by Gräbert that allows users to open, edit, and save drawings in common file formats like DWG, DXF, and its own FLX format. It aims to provide professional CAD capabilities at an affordable price. Key features include the ability to work with billions of existing CAD files, compatibility with AutoCAD standards, and hundreds of drawing and editing tools. The software is optimized for use with Windows operating systems and supports simultaneous editing of multiple drawings. It also offers tutorials, command references, and cutting and pasting between drawings and other Windows programs like Microsoft Office.
The document discusses challenges facing urban planning and development, including rapid population growth, resource depletion, and climate change effects. It notes that over half the world's population lives in urban areas, with slums housing over 1 billion people. Successful urban planning requires adequate housing, infrastructure, and services for all residents, as well as meaningful community involvement. The document advocates for sustainable solutions and equal distribution of resources to address these global urban issues.
Presentation on "Overview of Internet Technologies and
Web 2.0" on 2nd of Feb 2009 during STC on INTERNET (2nd of Feb.2009 to 06th of Feb 2009) at NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL TEACHERS’ TRAINING AND RESEARCH CHANDIGARH
The document summarizes the author's experiences during the first 10 years of his career as a structural engineer from 1958-1968. It describes some of the major projects he worked on, including buildings for IIT Delhi, medical colleges, and factories. It highlights two learning experiences from early in his career - making an error in design calculations that was caught by a site engineer, and receiving guidance from his boss on properly designing brick structures. The boss handled the error calmly and taught the author through demonstrating designs. Overall it provides insights into the author's first decade in the field.
This document provides information about mapping in India. It includes details on the sizes of India, Punjab state, Ludhiana district, and Ludhiana city. It notes that major contributors to mapping are limited to four. Issues mentioned include the need to generate requirements and job opportunities as current satellite imagery has poor resolution. Suggestions include adding maps to cards and allowing addition of custom data and units.
The document discusses establishing the Structural Engineers Association of Punjab and Chandigarh (SEAPAC). SEAPAC would serve as a common platform and necessity for structural engineers in the region by defining serviceability, design loads, available materials, and structural systems. The objective of SEAPAC would be to cater to the overall professional needs of structural engineers in Punjab and Chandigarh through activities like continuing education programs.
Welcome of Structural Engineers by Dr. H.S.Rai, Prof. and Head Civil Engineering Department, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana (Pb) 141006 India
The document summarizes key points from a seminar on innovations in information technology and applications. It discusses the difference between invention and innovation, with invention being new concepts or products from ideas or research, and innovation being the commercialization and marketization of inventions. It also outlines some principles of innovation, roles of education in IT, examples of programming languages and standards, and advantages of open source software.
QCAD is a 2D CAD software used for technical drawings like building plans, mechanical parts, and diagrams. It is developed by RibbonSoft and available for Windows, Mac, and Linux. Key features include layers, blocks, fonts, units, importing/exporting DXF files, printing to scale, construction and modification tools. There are professional versions available for different platforms that can be purchased individually or with a site license.
This document provides an overview of QCad, an open-source 2D CAD software. It discusses that QCad can be used to create technical drawings and works across multiple operating systems. The document also outlines QCad's history, starting in 1999, features such as layers and blocks, system requirements, licenses, and examples of companies that use QCad.
The document discusses the design of doubly reinforced beams using the limit state method. Doubly reinforced beams are needed when the required depth is restricted but the beam needs to resist a higher bending moment. This is done by providing compression reinforcement in addition to tension reinforcement. The minimum compression steel is 0.4% of the section area and maximum is 4%. The yield stress of compression steel is taken as 0.87 times the yield stress in tension. The analysis involves assuming a neutral axis depth and checking force equilibrium.
This document introduces the open source GIS software GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) and demonstrates how to use it to create and analyze geospatial data. It shows how to import raster and vector data, generate contour lines from a digital elevation model (DEM), and display the results. The document also discusses additional analysis possibilities in GRASS such as terrain analysis, hydraulic modeling, and network analysis.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
7. Richard Matthew Stallman
a programmer at the MIT Artificial
Intelligence Laboratory
graduated from Harvard magna cum
laude earning a BA in Physics in 1974
1977: password control system. found a
way to decrypt the passwords,
suggesting no password, 20% followed
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
8. 1979: "time bombs" in Scribe, to restrict
unlicensed access to the software, RMS
proclaimed it "a crime against humanity.
Blocking the user's freedom that he
believes is a "crime", not the issue of
charging for the software.
In 1980, Stallman and some other
hackers at the AI Lab were refused
access to the source code for the
software of the first laser printer.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
9. Modified the software on an older printer,
messaged a user when job was printed,
and would message all logged-in users
when a printer was jammed.
Not being able to add this feature to the
printer was a major inconvenience, as the
printer was on a different floor from most
of the users. This one experience
convinced RMS of people's need to be
free to modify the software they use.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
10. software users should have the freedom
to "share with their neighbour" and to be
able to study and make changes to the
software that they use. He maintains that
attempts by proprietary software vendors
to prohibit these acts are "antisocial" and
"unethical".
announced the plan for the GNU
operating system in September 1983 on
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
11. several ARPANET mailing lists and
USENET
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
15. Mark Shuttleworth
Studied finance and information
technology at the University of Cape
Town
Founded Thawte, a company specialising
in digital certificates and cryptography.
Sold it to US company VeriSign in 1999
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
16. Founded HBD Venture Capital and The
Shuttleworth Foundation.
Moved to London in 2001, and began
preparing for the First African in Space
mission
Got training in Star City, Russia, and
Khazakstan.
Flew in space on April 2002, as a
cosmonaut member of the crew of Soyuz
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
17. mission TM34 to the International Space
Station.
2004: Founded the Ubuntu project, which
aims to produce a free, high quality
desktop OS for everybody.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
20. Software License
The software is licensed, not sold. This
agreement only gives you some rights to
use the software. Owner reserves all
other rights. Unless applicable law gives
you more rights despite this limitation,
you may use the software only as
expressly permitted in this agreement. In
doing so, you must comply with any
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
21. technical limitations in the software that
only allow you to use it in certain ways.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
22. Who reads license?
PC Pitstop included a clause in one of its
own EULAs that promised anyone who
read it, a "consideration" including money
if they sent a note to an email address
listed in the EULA. After four months and
more than 3,000 downloads, one person
finally wrote in. That person, by the way,
got a check for $1,000 proving, at least
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
23. for one person, that it really does pay to
read EULAs.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
24. Why FOSS
www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html
➢ Has significant market share
➢ Is often the most reliable software
➢ In many cases has the best
performance
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
25. ➢ Scales well, both in problem size and
project size.
➢ Has far better security
➢ Total cost of ownership is often far less
.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
27. Open source is a development method
for software that harnesses the power of
distributed peer review and transparency
of process. The promise of open source
is better quality, higher reliability, more
flexibility, lower cost, and an end to
predatory vendor lock-in.
➢ Free Redistribution: The license shall
not restrict any party from selling or
giving away the software as a
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
28. component of an aggregate software
distribution containing programs from
several different sources. The license
shall not require a royalty or other fee
for such sale.
➢ Source Code: The program must
include source code, and must allow
distribution in source code as well as
compiled form. Where some form of a
product is not distributed with source
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
29. code, there must be a well-publicized
means of obtaining the source code for
no more than a reasonable
reproduction cost preferably,
downloading via the Internet without
charge. The source code must be the
preferred form in which a programmer
would modify the program. Deliberately
obfuscated source code is not allowed.
Intermediate forms such as the output
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
30. of a preprocessor or translator are not
allowed.
➢ Derived Works: The license must allow
modifications and derived works, and
must allow them to be distributed
under the same terms as the license of
the original software.
➢ Integrity of The Author's Source Code:
The license may restrict source-code
from being distributed in modified form
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
31. only if the license allows the
distribution of "patch files" with the
source code for the purpose of
modifying the program at build time.
The license must explicitly permit
distribution of software built from
modified source code. The license may
require derived works to carry a
different name or version number from
the original software.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
32. ➢ No Discrimination Against Persons or
Groups: The license must not
discriminate against any person or
group of persons.
➢ No Discrimination Against Fields of
Endeavor: The license must not restrict
anyone from making use of the
program in a specific field of endeavor.
For example, it may not restrict the
program from being used in a
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
33. business, or from being used for
genetic research.
➢ Distribution of License: The rights
attached to the program must apply to
all to whom the program is
redistributed without the need for
execution of an additional license by
those parties.
➢ License Must Not Be Specific to a
Product: The rights attached to the
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
34. program must not depend on the
program's being part of a particular
software distribution. If the program is
extracted from that distribution and
used or distributed within the terms of
the program's license, all parties to
whom the program is redistributed
should have the same rights as those
that are granted in conjunction with the
original software distribution.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
35. ➢ License Must Not Restrict Other
Software: The license must not place
restrictions on other software that is
distributed along with the licensed
software. For example, the license
must not insist that all other programs
distributed on the same medium must
be open-source software.
➢ License Must Be Technology-Neutral:
No provision of the license may be
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
36. predicated on any individual
technology or style of interface.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
37. What is Free
Nobody should be restricted by the
software they use. There are four
freedoms that every user should have:
➢ the freedom to use the software for
any purpose,
➢ the freedom to change the software to
suit your needs,
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
38. ➢ the freedom to share the software with
your friends and neighbors, and
➢ the freedom to share the changes you
make.
When a program offers users all of these
freedoms, we call it free software.
http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~sdexte
r/copyleft_ethics.html
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
39. Copyleft software licenses require all
modified versions of the software to be
released under the same licensing terms
as the original.
Hence, copylefted free software is
required to remain free in all future
versions. Non-copylefted software is not
subject to this requirement; thus non-
copylefted free software may become
proprietary in future versions.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
40. The FSF makes clear that its motivation
in creating the FSD is the preservation of
a freedom granted by society rather than
by a particular programmer7. The
preservation of the freedom of all
software users, now and in the future, is
a moral and social imperative. This
concern for the freedom of future users is
reflected by the use of copyleft in the
GPL.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
41. The OSD emerges from a desire for
technical efficiency (acknowledging the
technical strength of free software8) and
neo-liberal business pragmatism (Berry
2004). Indeed, the stated motivation for
the promulgation of the OSD is
widespread corporate adoption of the
free software development model. The
text of the FSD deploys an explicit
language of freedom and community,
while the terms of the OSD are presented
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
42. in dialog with explicitly business-oriented
pragmatic ‘rationales’ attached to each
clause of the Definition. For example,
Clause 6 of the OSD ("No Discrimination
Against Fields of Endeavor") reads:
The license must not restrict anyone from
making use of the program in a specific
field of endeavor. For example, it may not
restrict the program from being used in a
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
43. business, or from being used for genetic
research.
This statement is accompanied by the
following ‘rationale’:
The major intention of this clause is to
prohibit license traps that prevent open
source from being used commercially.
We want commercial users to join our
community, not feel excluded from it.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
44. The FSD states the same requirements
with this language:
[Users must have the] freedom to run the
program, for any purpose…. The freedom
to use a program means the freedom for
any kind of person or organization to use
it on any kind of computer system, for
any kind of…job, and without being
required to communicate subsequently
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
45. with the developer or any other specific
entity.
Through its language and strong
identification with copyleft licensing, the
FSD appears to hold the interests of
society paramount, while the OSD, with
its concern for constraints on the
individual (copyleft is one such constraint,
although it is not explicitly identified as
such in the OSD), seems to prioritize the
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
46. interests of the individual licensee. A
copyleft license need not use the
ideological language of the FSD; it might
simply state its requirements in pure
legalese. That the GPL does borrow
language and ideology from the FSD
Free software makes available the
knowledge and innovation inscribed in its
source code.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
47. This dissemination breeds independence
in, and facilitates the agency of, the
community of software users.
The free availability of source code also
enables the community-wide critical
dialogue crucial to the objectivity of
computing as a scientific practice.
Both the OSD and FSD demonstrate a
commitment to the idea of software being
free.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
48. The remarkable difference in the
language of the two definitions, however,
and the attendant encouragement on the
part of the OSD of non-copyleft licensing,
lead us to the questions of freedom we
have considered above.
The contrast between the FSD and the
OSD, and between copyleft and non-
copyleft licensing schemes, reveals that
our putative dilemma is resolved through
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
49. a consideration of the potential loss of
liberty that is a consequence of non-
copyleft licensing. Non-copyleft licenses
would do well to display the ethical
sensitivity manifest in the GPL and to
confront the undesirable consequences
of the freedoms they do permit.
The Open Source Initiative represents a
schism in the free software movement: it
seeks greater acceptance among
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
50. corporate developers for the free
software development model, but not for
its attendant political and ethical
message.
In disdaining the explicit ideology of the
FSD, the OSD is forced implicitly to make
facile claims that writing software is just
engineering, that free software is not a
moral or social imperative. But these ring
hollow in our world, where software is
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
51. deeply implicated in the creation and
maintenance of contemporary social and
political structures, ranging from
electronic voting to public education to an
ever-increasing set of economic
transactions. That this deliberate
narrowing of the free software ideal is
tolerable is perhaps all we need to know
in our comparative ethical assessment of
the free and ‘open source' software.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
53. Navit
Car navigation system with routing
engine.
It's modular design is capable of using
vector maps of various formats for routing
and rendering of the displayed map. It's
even possible to use multiple maps at a
time.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
55. ➢ User interface is designed to work well
with touch screen displays. Points of
Interest of various formats are
displayed on the map.
➢ The current vehicle position is either
read from gpsd or directly from NMEA
GPS sensors.
➢ The routing engine not only calculates
an optimal route to your destination,
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
56. but also generates directions and even
speaks to you using speechd.
➢ Supports 24 languages
➢ Designed to be applied in everyday
situations and by people that are not
developers or technical people.
➢ http://wiki.navit-project.org/
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
57. gvSIG
Desktop application GIS designed to
solve complex management and planning
problems.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
58. 10: gvSIG in action
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
59. Known for having a user-friendly interface
Features a wide range of tools (query
tools, layout creation, geoprocessing,
networks, etc.),
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
60. 11: gvSIG - Editing
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
61. 12: gvSIG on mobile
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
62. Government funded project
In the year 2003, the Regional Council for
Infrastructures and Transportation (CIT)
of Spain, called for tender.
Partnership of private company,
Government and University (Jaume I of
Castellón).
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
63. Ideal tool for users working in the land
realm. gvSIG is known for:
➢ integrating in the same view both local
and remote data through OGC
standards.
➢ being available in several languages
(Spanish, German, French, Italian,...) .
➢ being platform independent
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
64. Features
➢ Fully rich GIS desktop client
➢ Interface translated into more than 10
languages
➢ Modular: developed using independent
modules adding scalability value.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
65. ➢ Standard compliant: Open Geospatial
Consortium (OGC)
➢ Interoperable: able to work with most
of the known data formats:
raster : ecw, ENVI hdr, ERDAS img,
(Geo)TIFF, GRASS, ...
vector & CAD: shapefile, GML, KML,
DGN, DXF, DWG
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
66. databases: PostGIS, MySQL,
Oracle, ArcSDE
remote: ECWP (Enhanced
Compression Wavelet Protocol),
ArcIMS
➢ Its (Spatial Data Infrastructure) SDI
client condition permits the connection,
through the use of standard ADL,
WMS, WFS (and WFS-T)
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
67. WCS, WMC
➢ Discovery services client is also
provided within gvSIG which can be
use to localise data resources within
an SDI (catalogue and gazeteer
services)
Catalogs: Z3950, SRW, CSW
(ISO/19115 and ebRIM)
Gazetteers: ADL, WFS, WFS-G
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
68. ➢ Geoprocessing tools:
proximity: buffer, spatial join
overlay: clip, difference, intersect,
union
other: convex hull, reproject, ...
➢ Integrated advanced CAD tools:
functionality for vector data edition:
modify, create and delete elements
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
69. command console typical element in
CAD software
tools like help tools, grid tools,
command stack, complex element
selections
tools for inserting elements like
points, polygons, lines, ellipses,
etc. ...
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
70. tools to modify its rotation,
symmetry,...
➢ Integrated advanced raster tools:
georeferencing images, set image
transparency, adjust bright and
contrast, highlight, etc.
the SEXTANTE Extension of gvSIG
is already available to download,
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
71. including functions oriented to
morphology and hydrology fields,
➢ Advanced functionalities like
Scripting support
Powerful re-projection engine
(PROJ4 wrapper)
3D visualization
Network analysis
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
72. New raster analysis features like
classification, rectification,...
gvSIG for mobile devices
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
73. gvSIG OA Digitial Edition
OA Digital
Parent company Oxford Archaeology
[one of the largest independent
archaeology and heritage practices in
Europ (UK and France)]
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
74. gaSIG is easy to learn, yet versatile and
efficient enough for demanding GIS
tasks.
we believe that gvSIG has matured into a
powerful application that can be used
productively in many working
environments, especially when used in
combination with other open source
solutions such as GRASS GIS.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
75. We have used the software in a number
of our own projects and made a number
of modifications to it that we feel could
also benefit other users of gvSIG;
including a restructuring of the program
menus, an easier installer that includes
everything needed in one package and
integrated GRASS GIS modules.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
79. Rich web-mapping framework.
➢ Extends geospatial-specific
functionality of Pylons (Python web
framework)
➢ Provides specific tools for creating web
services that allow querying and
editing geographic objects.
➢ MapFish also provides a complete
RIA-oriented JavaScript toolbox, a
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
80. JavaScript testing environment, and
tools for compressing JavaScript code.
It uses
➢ GeoAlchemy for reading/writing
geographic objects from/to spatial
databases,
➢ Shapely for manipulating geometries,
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
81. ➢ ExtjS, GeoExt and OpenLayers for
creating UIs.
SQLAlchemy database toolkit, the Mako
template engine, the repoze.who and
repoze.what security frameworks.
With MapFish, web-mapping application
developers combine general-purpose
web technologies with geospatial-
oriented libraries in their applications; for
example, this makes it possible to
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
82. leverage general-purpose web security
frameworks to secure geographic feature
web services.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
84. If you've used commercial tools like:
ERDAS IMAGINE, RemoteView, ENVI, or
SOCET GXP, then you need to give
Opticks a try. Unlike other competing
tools, you can add capability to Opticks
by creating an extension. Opticks
provides the most advanced extension
capability of any other remote sensing
tool on the market.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
85. Features
➢ Free and open source
➢ Supports the following file formats:
NITF 2.0/2.1, GeoTIFF, ENVI,
ASPAM/PAR, CGM, DTED, Generic
RAW, ESRI Shapefile, HDF5, AVI,
MPEG, JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
86. ➢ Zoom, pan, rotate spatially large
datasets
➢ Quickly layer GIS features,
annotations, results, and other
information over your data to provide
context
➢ Many image display controls such as
colormap, histogram, transparency,
etc.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
87. ➢ Support for datasets larger than four
gigabytes
➢ Analysts can quickly combine steps
using graphical wizards
➢ Support for processing data in it's
native interleave of BIP, BSQ or BIL
➢ Get extensions to drop in new
capability.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
88. India: IT Super power
How to accept it?
What is the percentage of Indian software
on our Computer?
Be developers, not only users.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in
89. There are plenty of software in many
fields, including GIS, which can be used
to solve problems pertaining to respective
fields. If students are not exposing
themselves to OS, they are missing a big
opportunity to get excellent training.
If any company / Institute is not using
Opensource, then it is not taking a well
informed decision. Company is not
getting value on his return.
17 Aug 11 isro:SBDLP hsrai@gndec.ac.in