The document provides an overview of licenses related to intellectual property, including distinctions between permissive licenses, copyleft, and various types of licenses such as GPL, LGPL, and Creative Commons. It emphasizes the importance of licenses in protecting copyright, allowing modifications, and ensuring the distribution of software, along with the rights and obligations they entail. Additionally, it outlines the rights granted to users, including the ability to use, modify, and share software within the constraints of each specific license.

1. Overview of the basic licenses
applied to open software

2. Rights
Accrue on the very creation fact.
● property;
● non-property;

3. Intellectual property
Are products of creative activities in
the science, literature, production or
artistic sphere, bearing the intangible
nature.

4. The objects of the intellectual property
rights are:
● patents for the
inventions,
● utility models,
● trademarks,
● industrial Designs,
● computer programs,
● brand names,
● know-how,
● trade secrets,
● copyright and related
rights,
● Etc.

5. License – what is it?
License – give the rights for something.
It's an agreement of the parties in which
one of the parties gives any rights to the
other party.
Means to be able to legally prevent
unauthorized copying, use or
distribution of the product.

6. Why do we need it?
➢ For copyright protection. To be able to
legally suppress an unauthorized copying,
use or distribution of anything.
➢ To identify the authorship.

7. Components...
The license for the intellectual property normally
consists of the next components (except for the
right itself): duration term, territory, upgrade
regulations and etc.
Duration term – the license is valid through some
definite period of time.
Territory – the license is valid on the definite
territory (say, the license is valid in US only).

8. R. Stollman: 4 freedoms
● 0: Freedom to run the program as you wish;
● 1: Freedom to study the source code of the
program and then change it so the program
does what you wish;
● 2: Freedom to help your neighbour. That’s the
freedom to redistribute the exact copies of the
software when you wish;
● 3: Freedom to contribute to your community.
That’s the freedom to distribute copies or
modified versions when you wish.

9. Do not confuse open-source
and free (!)
open-source – means open source code, not its
free usage.
There are licenses, which accept to use the code
for free on conditions that it should remain closed:
● Free Solaris Binary License
● Free for non-commercial use – i.e. you should
pay for the commercial use :)

10. What I really want from it?
Or how to choose?

11. I want it simple and permissive
Permissive licenses – licenses which practically
do not limit the freedom of action of users and
software developers working with the source
code. On it's nature the destribution of the work
under the permissive license is similar to the
placement of the work into the public domain, but
does not require the rejection of the copyright.
BSD, MIT and Apache are permissive licenses.

12. I care about sharing improvements
Get for free → are to provide further for free (copyleft)
Copyleft – is a conception and practice to use the laws of
the copyright to make it impossible to restrict the right to
use, modify or distribute the starting product and all the
prodcuts derived from it for any person.
The idea of copyleft is that anyone who distributes the
programm with or without any modifications, can not limit
the freedom of its further distribution or modification.

13. Strong and weak copyleft
● Strong copyleft license gives the permission to
use its code only to the programs created
under the same license.
● Weak copyleft license gives the permission to
make any modifications to the program.
Assuming that the modified programm will be
built with the indication of the first one as a
library. Then the new program can go under
any other license.

14. Full and partial copyleft
● Full copyleft – all parts of the program (except
for the license itself) can be modified and
distributed only under copyleft license.
● Partial copyleft – a program may eliminate
some conditions of the copyleeft license and
also include modifications within any non-copyleft
license.

15. Copyleft examples
●GNU GPL v2;
●GNU GPL v3;
●Creative Commons ShareAlike;
● ..........
Linux, Git and WordPress use GPL.

16. And now the tastiest thing ;)))

17. GPL (General Public License)
The purpose GNU GPL is to provide the user with
the rights to copy, modify and distribute (including
commercial) programs (which is disabled by
default copyright law), and also guarantee that all
users of derivative programs receive these rights.

18. Structure analysis:
0. The scope of the license
✔ Copying

19. Structure analysis:
0. The scope of the license
✔ Copying
✔ Distribution

20. Structure analysis:
0. The scope of the license
✔ Copying
✔ Distribution
✔ Modification

21. Structure analysis:
0. The scope of the license
✔ Copying
✔ Distribution
✔ Modification
✔ And bonus!

22. Structure analysis:
1. The right for copying and distribution:
All the actions permitted (both copying and
distribution),
IF we leave everything as it was.

23. Structure analysis:
2. Modification of the program:
Yes, you can modify... But (!) I have 3 conditions!!!
1) specify what has been changed;
2) convey the right to use;
3) specify how to distribute further.

24. Structure analysis:
3. The requirement to provide source code:
a) distributing along with the source code, or

25. Structure analysis:
3. The requirement to provide source code:
a) distributing along with the source code, or
b) distributing along with the guarantee of
providing of source code, or

26. Structure analysis:
3. The requirement to provide source code:
a) distributing along with the source code, or
b) distributing along with the guarantee of
providing of source code, or
c) (for non-commercial use) distributing along
with such a guarantee was given from the third
party.

27. Structure analysis:
3. Требование предоставления исходного
кода:
a) distributing along with the source
code, or
b) distributing along with the guarantee of
providing of source code, or
c) (для некоммерческого использования)
распространение вместе с такой гарантией,
полученной от третьего лица.

28. Structure analysis:
4. Termination of the license in violation of its
terms.
Were you told how to do?

29. Structure analysis:
4. Termination of the license in violation of its
terms.
Were you told how to do?
There you are! Do as you were told to!

30. Structure analysis:
4. Termination of the license in violation of its
terms.
Were you told how to do?
There you are! Do as you were told to!
And all the rest should do the same as well.

31. Structure analysis:
5. Acts, signifying acceptance of the license.
You do not have to agree to this License as you
did not sign it.
But if you modified or distributed the Program,
then you know everything and agreed to all that,
=> i.e. are to obey.

32. Structure analysis:
6. Prohibition of additional restrictions on
further distribution.
● can not restrict the rights of other people on the
Program;
● do not need to be responsible for other people's
actions.

33. Structure analysis:
7. External constraints do not remove the
obligation to fulfill the conditions of the license.
If you can't keep distribution the way to satisfy both
the requisitions of this License and all the other
requisitions, then you should not distribute the
Program.

34. REMEMBER!!! NO
GUARANTEES!!!

35. LGPL (Lesser General Public
License)
Compromise between BSD and permissive
licenses.
The main difference between GPL and LGPL is
LGPL allows linking the library with any program,
not necessarily free.
LGPL places the copyleft restrictions on the
program itself, although does not apply this
restrictions on the other software that is just
linking to the program.

36. AGPL (Affero General Public
License)
Intensified GPL especially for web applications.
Service providers are obliged to provide the source
code to their users.

37. BSD (Berkley Software
Distribution)
BSD License imposes no restrictions on the
use of software (including commercial).
Works based on such software may be
distributed under a commercial license (but
still have to meet the requirements of the
license).

38. The lost one...
Point 3. All advertising materials mentioning
features or use of this software must display the
following acknowledgement:
This product includes software developed by
the University of California, Berkeley and its
contributors.

39. MIT
One more permissive license.
Разрешено делать всё, что угодно, при
условии, что текст лицензии предоставляется
вместе с этим ПО и помещается копирайт.
Лицензия является GPL-совместимой, то есть
разрешает программистам комбинировать и
распространять GPL-продукты с программным
обеспечением под лицензией MIT.

40. License text:
Copyright (c) <year> <copyright holders>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software
and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

41. Mozilla Public License
MPL is used as a license for Mozilla Suite,
Mozilla Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird and other
programs developed by Mozilla.
MPL license provides weak partial copyleft. In
contrast to the more stringent of free licenses,
code under the MPL can be combined in one
program with commercial files.

42. Apache Software License
Лицензия Apache разрешает использовать и
изменять всё, за исключением названия.
Единственным условием, накладываемым
лицензией Apache, является информирование
получателя о факте использования исходного
кода.
В противоположность copyleft-лицензиям,
получатель модифицированной версии не
обязательно получает все права, изначально
предоставляемые лицензией Apache.

43. Use Apache?
To use it you need to place the next files to the
root directory:
● LICENSE
● NOTICE
In each licensing file there should be all the
background information about copyrights or
patents. In each modified file the information must
be added about the changes carried out.

44. Creative Commons
Creative Commons — is a group of standardized
texts describing conditions of usage of the works
to which they are attached.
Currently there are 6 modern Creative Commons
licenses.

45. Licenses features
● Creative Commons licenses are non-exclusive.
● Creative Commons licenses are valid for the
entire duration of the rights received (in most
countries - 70 years after the author's death).
● Licensor enters into a separate contract with
each user license (the licensee).

46. Licenses features
● Creative Commons® organization is not a
party of the license agreement and can't be a
не может выступать guarantor of the quality
of the licensed work.
● All licenses require copyright (previously there
were licenses did not require this, but
Creative Commons ceased to support them).

47. Common features СС:
Each license:
● Keeps copyright;
● reports that the fair use of other people, the
first sale and the right to freedom of
expression are not affected by this license.

48. Common features СС:
Each license requires from users of the works:
● receive permission from the author to any of the things
that the author decides to limit - for example,
commercial use, create derivative works
● retain any copyright notice intact on all copies of the
works
● Place the link to the license from all copies of the work
● preserve conditions of the license
● do not use technology to limit the legitimate use of the
work other recipients of the license

49. Common features СС:
Each license allows users of the work, if they
follow your conditions, at least non-commercial:
● copy the work
● distribute it
● show or execute it publicly
● make digital public performances of it (for
example, web casting)
● translate the work into another format as an
exact copy of it

50. Common features СС:
Each license:
● Is valid all over the world
● lasts for the term of copyright in the work
● is irrevocable

51. List of elements might be found
in the licenses:
Attribution (BY for
short)
User should place copyright
Share-alike (SA
for short)
Derivative works must be distributed
under the terms of the same license.
Noncommercial
(NC for short)
Forbidden use of the product for a profit.
No Derivative
Works (ND for
short)
May not create derivative works based
on this work.

52. А теперь собственно лицензии
CC Attribution (CC-BY)
CC Attribution Share Alike (CC-BY-SA)
CC Attribution No Derivatives (CC-BY-ND)
CC Attribution Non-Commercial (CC-BY-NC)
CC Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike (CC-BY-NC-SA)
CC Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)

53. Compatibility:

54. http://www.tldrlegal.com/compare – link to the
utility which allows to look at the result of the
merge of 2 licenses from quite a large list.
One more picture about the compatibility:

55. Compatibility:

57. Thank you!