This document provides an overview of open source software, including defining it, discussing its uses and restrictions, and how businesses can generate revenue from open source software. Open source software is subject to an open source license that requires access to source code and allows modifications and redistribution. It has advantages for businesses like lower costs, avoidance of vendor lock-in, and greater adaptability. However, it also has restrictions like requiring access to source code and allowing further modifications. The document discusses open source licenses like GPL in more detail and addresses common questions about open source software.
The document discusses open source software and licensing. It seeks to debunk myths about open source, explain what open source is and is not, and discuss common open source licenses like GPL, LGPL, BSD and others. It provides guidance on using open source code at Stanford, releasing one's own research as open source, and choosing an appropriate open source license.
This presentation discusses open source software and related licensing considerations for the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP). It defines open source software and contrasts it with proprietary and public domain software. It covers copyright and how open source licenses allow use of copyrighted works. Popular open source licenses like Apache, GPL and LGPL are described. Factors to consider when choosing a license, such as existing code and contractual obligations, are outlined. Best practices for open source projects like documentation and support are also discussed.
Have the licensing talk early to maximize impactDominik Lukes
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- The three example projects all accepted open licensing principles after discussions, though one chose a more restrictive license and one a more liberal license than originally proposed.
This document provides an overview of open source software and open development. It discusses the history of open source software and definitions of key terms. It also presents two case studies of successful open source projects: TexGen, a textile CAD modeler, and Apache Wookie, a widget server. Both projects benefited from collaboration, publicity, and new partnerships by being open source. The document also briefly covers legal aspects of open source like copyright.
Business and Sustainability Models Around FOSS (1 of 2)Rowan Wilson
The document discusses the history and types of free and open source software (FOSS) licenses, including permissive licenses that allow commercial use and copyleft licenses that require derivatives to remain open. It also outlines how FOSS projects are typically organized, with ownership models, contributor agreements, tracking contributions from employees, and using version control systems to manage intellectual property rights. Varieties of FOSS licenses range from fully permissive to fully copyleft, with some like the LGPL and MPL allowing for both open and closed source code to be combined.
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The document discusses the perspectives of research and innovation on free and open source software (FOSS). It notes the parallels between science, software development, wealth creation, and social benefit. It discusses South Africa's 2008 act on intellectual property rights from publicly funded research, and the regulations and national IP management office established. FOSS is impacted by the regulations and there are lessons for managing IP. The four freedoms of FOSS are explained. The economic perspectives of scarcity, marginal costs, and competition with FOSS are presented. Barriers to innovation are reduced with FOSS starting from existing knowledge without permissions or costs. Examples of major software innovations from university students using FOSS are provided.
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Open Source software can be found everywhere, from WiFi routers to the largest web sites on the Internet. This presentation looks at how it all got started and what it can mean for you.
The document discusses open source software and licensing. It seeks to debunk myths about open source, explain what open source is and is not, and discuss common open source licenses like GPL, LGPL, BSD and others. It provides guidance on using open source code at Stanford, releasing one's own research as open source, and choosing an appropriate open source license.
This presentation discusses open source software and related licensing considerations for the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP). It defines open source software and contrasts it with proprietary and public domain software. It covers copyright and how open source licenses allow use of copyrighted works. Popular open source licenses like Apache, GPL and LGPL are described. Factors to consider when choosing a license, such as existing code and contractual obligations, are outlined. Best practices for open source projects like documentation and support are also discussed.
Have the licensing talk early to maximize impactDominik Lukes
This document discusses the importance of having early conversations about licensing for collaborative projects. It provides examples from three projects where discussing licensing early helped address issues around intellectual property ownership and copyright. The key points are:
- Discussing licensing early clarifies copyright ownership and conditions of use when collaborators leave a project.
- Open licensing allows materials to be shared more openly while still protecting intellectual property through attribution. It avoids awkward later conversations about use and ownership.
- The three example projects all accepted open licensing principles after discussions, though one chose a more restrictive license and one a more liberal license than originally proposed.
This document provides an overview of open source software and open development. It discusses the history of open source software and definitions of key terms. It also presents two case studies of successful open source projects: TexGen, a textile CAD modeler, and Apache Wookie, a widget server. Both projects benefited from collaboration, publicity, and new partnerships by being open source. The document also briefly covers legal aspects of open source like copyright.
Business and Sustainability Models Around FOSS (1 of 2)Rowan Wilson
The document discusses the history and types of free and open source software (FOSS) licenses, including permissive licenses that allow commercial use and copyleft licenses that require derivatives to remain open. It also outlines how FOSS projects are typically organized, with ownership models, contributor agreements, tracking contributions from employees, and using version control systems to manage intellectual property rights. Varieties of FOSS licenses range from fully permissive to fully copyleft, with some like the LGPL and MPL allowing for both open and closed source code to be combined.
A research and innovation perspective on Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)Derek Keats
The document discusses the perspectives of research and innovation on free and open source software (FOSS). It notes the parallels between science, software development, wealth creation, and social benefit. It discusses South Africa's 2008 act on intellectual property rights from publicly funded research, and the regulations and national IP management office established. FOSS is impacted by the regulations and there are lessons for managing IP. The four freedoms of FOSS are explained. The economic perspectives of scarcity, marginal costs, and competition with FOSS are presented. Barriers to innovation are reduced with FOSS starting from existing knowledge without permissions or costs. Examples of major software innovations from university students using FOSS are provided.
This document discusses different types of information sources that can be used for research, including primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. It defines each type of source and provides examples. Primary sources are original materials like research papers, records, and data. Secondary sources are analyses and interpretations of primary sources, like textbooks and commentaries. Tertiary sources synthesize primary and secondary sources, like encyclopedias and bibliographies. The document also discusses open information sources that provide free access to knowledge, like online journals, newspapers, patents, and proceedings. Useful links to open access materials in different subject areas are provided.
Open Source software can be found everywhere, from WiFi routers to the largest web sites on the Internet. This presentation looks at how it all got started and what it can mean for you.
A primer on adapting open source software to an IT service organization. Focuses on how open source licenses are different and how it may affect your business model and intellectual property.
This document discusses legal and other issues related to using open source software. It defines key terms like proprietary software, open source software, and freeware. Both proprietary and open source software have advantages and disadvantages to consider. When sharing or procuring software within the Commonwealth, open source licenses and ownership of the software must be reviewed. A best value analysis is required for procurement to assess risks and benefits of different software options. Resources for comparing open source licenses and the Commonwealth's IT policies are provided.
This document summarizes legal and other issues related to the use of open source software. It defines key terms like proprietary software, open source software, and freeware. It discusses and compares licensing terms for proprietary vs open source software. It notes advantages and disadvantages of each for procurement purposes. It provides guidance on sharing software within the Commonwealth while complying with licensing terms. It emphasizes the importance of conducting best value procurement that considers technical, legal and business factors for both proprietary and open source options.
This document summarizes legal and other issues related to the use of open source software. It defines key terms like proprietary software, open source software, and freeware. It discusses and compares licensing terms for proprietary vs open source software. It notes advantages and disadvantages of each for issues like cost, modifications, standards, and support. It provides guidance on sharing and procuring software following best value practices in Massachusetts.
Free & Open Source Software For Nonprofits: NTEN Webinar Gregory Heller
Free and open source software refers to software that is available without cost and allows users freedom to modify and share the software. Some key aspects are:
- Free software focuses on liberty of users rather than price, allowing freedom to run, study, modify and share the software.
- Open source refers to transparent software development that allows for distributed peer review to improve quality and reliability while reducing costs.
- Free and open source software provides access to source code, ability to modify code, and no vendor lock-in, though hosting and support may have costs.
- It is widely used for operating systems, servers, web applications, and embedded systems. Communities rather than single companies typically maintain free and open
The document discusses open source software licenses. It defines open source and compares it to public domain and freeware licenses. The main open source licenses discussed are the GNU General Public License (GPL) and Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) license. The GPL requires derivatives to also use the GPL while the BSD allows derivatives to use other licenses. Pros of open source development cited include peer review, motivated community contributions, and avoidance of vendor lock-in. Potential cons include projects becoming niche or fragmented.
The document provides an overview of open source licensing. It defines open source software as software with an open source license that gives users the rights to use, modify, and distribute the software as well as access its source code. Prominent open source programs and vendors are listed. The history and roles of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) and Open Source Definition (OSD) are described. Common open source licenses like the GPL, BSD, and Mozilla licenses are outlined and compared. The risks and benefits of open source software are briefly discussed.
This document discusses open source software and business intelligence software. It provides an overview of open source licensing, the costs and benefits of open source, and barriers to adoption. It also examines open source business intelligence vendors and includes an example financial analysis comparing open source and proprietary options.
The document defines key software licensing terms like proprietary software, open source software, and freeware. It then discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of proprietary versus open source licenses. Some key points made include: proprietary software often provides indemnification and support while open source allows modifications but lacks warranties. Different open source licenses vary in terms of source code sharing requirements and whether modifications must be shared. Overall the document provides a high-level overview of different software licensing models and some of their key characteristics.
The document discusses software licensing, including what a software license is, the benefits of licensed software, types of open source licenses like the MIT, Apache, BSD licenses, and how to apply a license to an open source project. It provides examples of projects using different licenses. It also summarizes the recent "Terraform rugpull" where the original developers changed the license from open source to a more restrictive license, leading to a community fork called OpenTofu.
This document discusses the intersection of blockchain technology, open source software, and patents. Some key points include:
1) Open source licenses can "taint" proprietary software if they are combined, requiring the proprietary software to also be open source. This impacts business models.
2) Open source software can still be patented. Patents are an important issue to consider with open source use and contributions.
3) Certain open source licenses require licensees to grant patent licenses, sometimes broadly, which many organizations do not expect.
4) Asserting patent claims against open source users can trigger penalties under some licenses, such as losing the right to use the open source software.
5) Network access models
This document discusses open source licenses, including what they are, why developers use them, and examples of common open source licenses. It describes the core differences between permissive licenses like MIT and copyleft licenses like GNU GPLv3. It encourages choosing a license that aligns with how you want others to use and share your code, and provides guidance on including license information in code files and projects.
This presentation is an introduction to Free and Open Source Software Licensing and Business Models. An open-source license is a type of license for computer software and other products that allows the source code, blueprint or design to be used, modified and/or shared under defined terms and conditions. This allows end users to review and modify the source code, blueprint or design for their own customization, curiosity or troubleshooting needs.
The document provides an overview of software licensing, including definitions of different types of licenses and how they can be applied to open source projects. It discusses what a software license is and the benefits of licensed software. It also describes some commonly used open source licenses like the MIT, Apache, BSD, and Business Source licenses. Finally, it provides guidance on how to select and apply an open source license to a software project.
The document summarizes a debate on open source versus proprietary software. It discusses definitions of open source software, popular open source licenses, and advantages of open source such as customizability, security, and lower costs. Open source is gaining adoption in government and enterprise due to benefits like avoiding vendor lock-in, lower costs, and higher quality from community contributions. Surveys find increasing enterprise adoption rates, with over 50% of new software to be open source in the next 5 years. Microsoft is also increasingly supporting open source.
Copyright or Copy left by manoranjan, glc, tvpmAdvocate
The document discusses copyright and open source software. It notes that copyrighted or proprietary software restricts modifications and distribution of source code, while open source software allows users freedoms to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve through licenses like copyleft. Copyleft uses copyright to guarantee these freedoms by requiring distributions of derived works be licensed under the same terms. The document discusses advantages of open source like lower costs, accessibility of source code, and ongoing improvements, but also notes potential disadvantages like lack of support and incongruent license terms. It examines legal cases around open source licenses and concludes the future favors open source as more organizations adopt it.
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A primer on adapting open source software to an IT service organization. Focuses on how open source licenses are different and how it may affect your business model and intellectual property.
This document discusses legal and other issues related to using open source software. It defines key terms like proprietary software, open source software, and freeware. Both proprietary and open source software have advantages and disadvantages to consider. When sharing or procuring software within the Commonwealth, open source licenses and ownership of the software must be reviewed. A best value analysis is required for procurement to assess risks and benefits of different software options. Resources for comparing open source licenses and the Commonwealth's IT policies are provided.
This document summarizes legal and other issues related to the use of open source software. It defines key terms like proprietary software, open source software, and freeware. It discusses and compares licensing terms for proprietary vs open source software. It notes advantages and disadvantages of each for procurement purposes. It provides guidance on sharing software within the Commonwealth while complying with licensing terms. It emphasizes the importance of conducting best value procurement that considers technical, legal and business factors for both proprietary and open source options.
This document summarizes legal and other issues related to the use of open source software. It defines key terms like proprietary software, open source software, and freeware. It discusses and compares licensing terms for proprietary vs open source software. It notes advantages and disadvantages of each for issues like cost, modifications, standards, and support. It provides guidance on sharing and procuring software following best value practices in Massachusetts.
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Free and open source software refers to software that is available without cost and allows users freedom to modify and share the software. Some key aspects are:
- Free software focuses on liberty of users rather than price, allowing freedom to run, study, modify and share the software.
- Open source refers to transparent software development that allows for distributed peer review to improve quality and reliability while reducing costs.
- Free and open source software provides access to source code, ability to modify code, and no vendor lock-in, though hosting and support may have costs.
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The document discusses open source software licenses. It defines open source and compares it to public domain and freeware licenses. The main open source licenses discussed are the GNU General Public License (GPL) and Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) license. The GPL requires derivatives to also use the GPL while the BSD allows derivatives to use other licenses. Pros of open source development cited include peer review, motivated community contributions, and avoidance of vendor lock-in. Potential cons include projects becoming niche or fragmented.
The document provides an overview of open source licensing. It defines open source software as software with an open source license that gives users the rights to use, modify, and distribute the software as well as access its source code. Prominent open source programs and vendors are listed. The history and roles of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) and Open Source Definition (OSD) are described. Common open source licenses like the GPL, BSD, and Mozilla licenses are outlined and compared. The risks and benefits of open source software are briefly discussed.
This document discusses open source software and business intelligence software. It provides an overview of open source licensing, the costs and benefits of open source, and barriers to adoption. It also examines open source business intelligence vendors and includes an example financial analysis comparing open source and proprietary options.
The document defines key software licensing terms like proprietary software, open source software, and freeware. It then discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of proprietary versus open source licenses. Some key points made include: proprietary software often provides indemnification and support while open source allows modifications but lacks warranties. Different open source licenses vary in terms of source code sharing requirements and whether modifications must be shared. Overall the document provides a high-level overview of different software licensing models and some of their key characteristics.
The document discusses software licensing, including what a software license is, the benefits of licensed software, types of open source licenses like the MIT, Apache, BSD licenses, and how to apply a license to an open source project. It provides examples of projects using different licenses. It also summarizes the recent "Terraform rugpull" where the original developers changed the license from open source to a more restrictive license, leading to a community fork called OpenTofu.
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This presentation is an introduction to Free and Open Source Software Licensing and Business Models. An open-source license is a type of license for computer software and other products that allows the source code, blueprint or design to be used, modified and/or shared under defined terms and conditions. This allows end users to review and modify the source code, blueprint or design for their own customization, curiosity or troubleshooting needs.
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The document summarizes a debate on open source versus proprietary software. It discusses definitions of open source software, popular open source licenses, and advantages of open source such as customizability, security, and lower costs. Open source is gaining adoption in government and enterprise due to benefits like avoiding vendor lock-in, lower costs, and higher quality from community contributions. Surveys find increasing enterprise adoption rates, with over 50% of new software to be open source in the next 5 years. Microsoft is also increasingly supporting open source.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
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HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
2. Necessary Disclaimer
I am a lawyer, but . . .
This presentation is not legal advice
Legal advice requires:
□ Specific factual circumstances
□ An attorney-client relationship.
There will be time for questions at the end, but
my answers are not “legal advice.”*
*Fine Print: If you have specific issues, questions or problems in mind, we
can set up a time to discuss them separately
3. Open Source Software - Overview
What is open source software?
□ Subject to open source license.
What is an open source license?
□ Licensor must grant certain rights
□ Right to use, modify and distribute
□ Right to access source code
“Open source” vs. “Free software”
□ You can sell open source software.
□ Free” does not mean “no cost”; it means unencumbered.
Think “Free speech, not free beer.”
4. Open Source Software – Uses & Restrictions
What can businesses do with it? Some examples:
□ Use existing software as a head start
□ Modify code for additional functionality
□ Greater adaptability
□ Lower cost
Restrictions:
□ Must allow access to source code
□ Must allow further modifications
□ Must allow further redistribution
5. Intellectual Property Primer
Intangible property rights over “creations of
the mind”; four types:
Trademark
Patent
Copyright
Trade Secret
6. Trademark Law
Legal Basis: Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1051 et Seq.
Use: “Mark” or designation to indicate source
□ Indicates quality
□ Need not identify source
Rights accrue upon use in commerce
Registration provides additional benefits
Prevents others from using the same or any
confusingly similar mark with similar or related
goods or services.
7. Patent Law
Legal Basis: U.S. Constitution, Art. 1, § 8, Cl. 8
U.S. Patent Act, 35 U.S.C. §§ 1 et seq.
Use: Inventions, improvements.
□ Machines, Devices
□ Chemical compositions
□ Methods Processes
Rights accrue when granted a patent by Patent
Office
Must disclose to earn monopoly
Prevents others from using, making, selling,
importing, or offering for sale
8. Copyright Law
Legal Basis: U.S. Constitution, Art. 1, § 8, Cl. 8
U.S. Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. §§ 1 et seq.
Use: Works of Authorship.
□ Does not protect ideas
□ Fixed in tangible medium of expression
Rights accrue when expression is fixed
Registration provides additional benefits
Prevents others from making copies,
distributing, making derivative works and, in
some cases, performance
9. Trade Secret Law
Legal Basis: Uniform Trade Secrets Act (enacted
state by state). E.g. 765 ILCS 1065/1 et seq.
Use: Protect confidential information
□ Information must derive economic benefit from secrecy
□ Owner must take steps to protect confidentiality
Rights accrue as confidential information
accumulates, so long as secrecy maintained
Registration provides additional benefits
Prevents others from wrongful using or
disclosing
Independent derivation okay
10. Software: Types of IP
Software is most clearly subject to Copyright
Literary work
More recently, patent protection
Could also be trade secret
11. Software Copyright Primer
17 U.S.C. § 101 defines a computer program as:
A set of statements or instructions to be used directly
or indirectly in a computer in order to bring about a
certain result.
Software copyright owners have exclusive right
to:
Reproduce the work
Distribute the work
Create derivative copies of the work
12. Software: Licenses
You do not buy software; you license it.
License: grants the right to use.
Permission.
Proprietary licenses withhold rights.
Limit number of computers.
Cannot distribute
Cannot make derivative works
What is open source?
13. Open Source Definition
Open Source Definition – Criteria of License
□ 1. Free Redistribution – no restrictions on selling or giving
away software. “License shall not require royalty or other
fee for such sale.”
□ 2. Source Code - program must include source code, or
include publicized means of obtaining source code for
reasonable reproduction cost. Must allow distribution in
source code
□ Derivative Works - must allow modifications and derivative
works, and must allow them to be distributed under the
same terms
□ No Discrimination – must not discriminate against any person
or group or persons, or against any field of endeavor
□ Automatic Distribution of License – rights attached to license
apply to all redistributions
14. Open Source Definition (Cont.)
Open Source Definition – Criteria of License
□ 3. Derivative Works - must allow modifications and
derivative works, and must allow them to be
distributed under the same terms
□ 4. No Discrimination – must not discriminate against any
person or group or persons, or against any field of
endeavor
□ 5. Automatic Distribution of License – rights attached to
license apply to all redistributions
□ Other requirements…
15. Open Source License – The GPL
Basic rights include access to the source code
and right to make derivative works
Key element: Reciprocity.
Changes to the software must be released
under the same license
Purpose:
Increase the amount of publicly available
software
Ensure compatibility
Drawback: Linking – cannot be combined with
proprietary software
16. Open Source Software - Advantages
No Vendor Lock-in
Proprietary software can require additional
monthly fee.
E.g. Security/Anti-spyware programs
Leads to longer useful life of software
Can’t Be Orphaned by Vendor End-of-Lifing
Proprietary software - vendor stops making
new versions.
E.g. Internet Explorer for Mac.
Lower Risk of Incompatibilities
Proprietary software licenses can preclude a
fix; open source licenses allow anyone to
create compatibility
Lower Cost Than Building From Scratch
17. Open Source Software – Advantages (Cont.)
Allows for Larger User Base
Proprietary licenses can assert limitations on
number of users.
E.g., downloading music
Control of Software Remains With User, Not
Vendor
Ability to Integrate with Open Standards
Greater adaptability
Increased Innovation
Avoid competing with proprietary modified
version of your own work
Peer Review
Greater reliability
Greater security
18. Open Source Software – Risks
Must adhere to copyright attribution and notice
requirements
Must adhere to requirement to include source
code
Linking can render proprietary source code
subject to open source license
GPL and similar licenses have not been
construed by American courts
Open source software can still be covered by
software patents
19. Open Source Software For Startups
The advantages discussed above particularly
apply to startups seeking to offer Software as a
Service.
Facebook and Google collectively required
millions of hours worth of coding.
Startups cannot afford to invest that much time
Goal: create and sell a mobile application that,
for example, allows users to find a reasonably-
priced parking space in downtown Chicago.
Map functionality
Payment processing functionality
Account profile
User Interface
20. Open Source Software For Startups
The advantages discussed above particularly
apply to startups seeking to offer Software as a
Service.
Startups cannot afford to invest millions of
hours of coding in a new service
Goal: create and sell a mobile application that,
for example, allows users to find a reasonably-
priced parking space in downtown Chicago.
Map functionality
Payment processing functionality
Account profile
User Interface
21. Can You Generate Revenue With Open
Source Software?
If software is a mobile application, that
application can be sold in an app store.
YOU CAN SELL (license) OPEN SOURCE
SOFTWARE, e.g. GPL, or from Drupal repository
“Sales” are really licenses.
Can charge as much as you want!
Purchasers (licensees) subject to the same license
Source code must be made available to
licensees
□ Need not give away code not distributed (internal use)
□ Viewing a website is not distribution, so need not give
away code to website visitors
22. Can You Generate Revenue With Open
Source Software? (Cont.)
Can I sell modules written by others?
□ No. That person retains copyright of their modules!
What does it mean to retain copyright even
though subject to GPL?
□ Right to control distribution; sell copies of YOUR work
□ What you give up: must make source code available and
others can modify your work
However, you can provide other services based
on modules written by others, like:
□ Support
□ Training
□ Customization
□ Integration
23. Sample Solutions of Open Source vs.
Proprietary Software
Grinnell College Campus Tour
24. FAQs
Difference between GPL2 and GPL3?
Protects right to tinker: prevents “tivoization”
“Distribute” changed to “convey”
Stronger protection against patent threats
Conveying software requires licensing
patents necessary to exercise GPL rights
If GPL3 licensee sues for patent infringement
their license is terminated
Offers new ways to provide source code
Clarifies compatibility
25. FAQs (Cont.)
Difference GPL and other licenses (MIT, BSD)
No reciprocity
People can modify software licensed under BSD
and then turn it proprietary
Fail to mention patents
26. FAQs (Cont.)
If I write a new module that does something
never done before, have I created intellectual
property?
You’ve created a module. The module can give
rise to intellectual property rights.
Patent
Copyright
Trade Secret
27. FAQs – Developers
What should I put in my contract to allow
myself to re-use my code for similar projects?
IP Ownership Clause – retain copyright for all
source code written.
If I develop GPL code for one client, can I sell it to
another client if I do not make any changes?
Yes! You own the copyright, and your “sale” to
the first client is merely a license for him to use
it.
28. FAQs – Developers
What should I put in my contract to allow
myself to re-use my code for similar projects?
IP Ownership Clause – retain copyright for all
source code written.
If I develop GPL code for one client, can I sell it to
another client if I do not make any changes?
Yes! You own the copyright, and your “sale” to
the first client is merely a license for him to use
it.
29. FAQs – Hiring Developers
If I want to hire a developer, what can I put in
my contract to prevent them from selling the
code to my competitors?
Insist that developer grant an exclusive license .
(But that will not prevent developer from
modifying code further and having the ability to
sell further modified code to competitors)
30. Summary & Wrap-Up
Numerous advantages to using open source
software to offer new functionality within a
business, or start a new business
Need not start from scratch
Lower cost
“Future Proof”
Main drawbacks include adhering to all rules
and requirements of license – requirements of
copyright notice, attribution and making source
code publicly available
31. Questions?
Contact information
Barry Horwitz, Greenberg Traurig, LLP
horwitzb@gtlaw.com
312-456-1037
Andy Kucharski, Promet Source
andy@promethost.com
773-525-8255