1. Formulae for Conjugating Regular Latin Verbs
First Second Third Third –io/mixed Fourth
Conjugation Conjugation Conjugation Conjugation Conjugation
(-āre) (-ēre) (-ere) (-ere) (-īre)
Present Present Stem + o/i/u + Present Stem + o/i/u +
Personal Endings Personal Endings
Tense Present Stem + Present Stem + Personal Present Stem + o/i/u +
(is, am, are, Personal Endings Endings Personal Endings  Add an “i” after  Add an “i” after stem
do, does) stem (unless (unless already
already present) present)
Imperfect
Present Stem + eba + Present Stem + eba +
Tense Present Stem + ba + Present Stem + ba + Present Stem + eba + Personal Endings Personal Endings
(was, were, used Personal Endings Personal Endings Personal Endings
to, kept …)  Add an “i” after  Add an “i” after
stem stem
st
Personal Stem + am Personal Stem + am Personal Stem + am (1
Future Tense Present Stem + Present Stem + bo/bi/bu
st
(1 person sing.), or
st
(1 person sing.), or e person sing.), or e +
(will, shall) bo/bi/bu + Personal + Personal Endings e + Personal Endings + Personal Endings Personal Endings
Endings
 Add an “i” after  Add an “i” after
stem stem
Perfect Perfect Stem + -i/ -isti/ Perfect Stem + -i/-isti/-it/ Perfect Stem + -i/-isti/ Perfect Stem + -i/-isti/- Perfect Stem + -i/-isti/
Tense -it/-imus/-istis/-erunt -imus/-istis/-erunt -it/-imus/-istis/-erunt it/-imus/-istis/-erunt -it/-imus/-istis/-erunt
(has, have, -ed
form of verb)
Perfect Stem + -eram/ Perfect Stem + -eram/ Perfect Stem + -eram/ Perfect Stem + -eram/ Perfect Stem + -eram/
Pluperfect -eras/ -erat/ -eramus/ -eras/ -erat/ -eramus/ -eras/ -erat/ -eramus/ -eras/ -erat/ -eramus/ -eras/ -erat/ -eramus/
Tense -eratis/ -erant -eratis/ -erant -eratis/ -erant -eratis/ -erant -eratis/ -erant
(had)
Future
Perfect Perfect Stem + -ero/ Perfect Stem + -ero/ - Perfect Stem + -ero/ Perfect Stem + -ero/ Perfect Stem + -ero/
Tense -eris/-erit/ -erimus/ eris/ -erit/ -erimus/ -eritis/ -eris/ -erit/ -erimus/ eris/-erit/-erimus/ -eris/ -erit/ -erimus/
(will have) -eritis/ -erint -erint -eritis/ -erint -eritis/ -erint -eritis/ -erint