This document provides guidance on selecting and constructing data collection instruments for evaluations. It discusses various data collection strategies and characteristics of good measures. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches are covered. A number of specific tools for collecting data are described, including structured and semi-structured surveys, interviews, focus groups, observation, diaries/journals, expert judgment, and the Delphi technique. Guidelines are provided for implementing each tool, along with their advantages and challenges. The goal is to help evaluators select the most appropriate data collection methods based on the information needs, resources, and context of the evaluation.
This document provides an overview of strategies and tools for collecting data in evaluations. It discusses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Key points covered include:
- Data collection strategies depend on factors like the type of information needed, data sources, and resources available.
- Both structured and semi-structured approaches have advantages and disadvantages depending on the evaluation needs.
- Common data collection tools include surveys, interviews, focus groups, observation, records review, and expert judgment. The appropriate tool depends on the situation.
- It is best to use multiple data collection methods and triangulate data from different sources to increase accuracy. Thorough planning and testing of tools is also important.
This document discusses various methods and tools for data collection in research. It describes primary and secondary data sources, as well as quantitative and qualitative data. Several data collection methods are outlined, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and library or laboratory research. The document emphasizes that there is no single best method and researchers must consider their purpose, respondents, resources, and the type of data needed. Both structured and semi-structured approaches are described. The importance of sampling techniques and using multiple data collection methods, such as triangulation, is also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of strategies and tools for collecting data in program evaluations. It discusses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Key points include:
- Data collection strategies depend on factors like the information needed, data sources, resources, and intended analysis. Both structured and semi-structured approaches are described.
- When collecting original data, it is important to pre-test instruments and establish clear protocols. Using multiple methods, like surveys, interviews, and observations, allows for triangulation.
- Common tools include records/secondary data, observations, surveys/interviews, focus groups, diaries, expert judgment, and the Delphi technique. Each has advantages and challenges depending on the evaluation needs.
- Choosing the right
The document discusses various strategies and tools for collecting data in evaluations. It describes both quantitative and qualitative approaches, and notes that the best approach depends on factors like the information needed, resources available, and complexity of the data. It provides guidelines for collecting data and discusses the advantages and challenges of various tools, including surveys, interviews, focus groups, observation, diaries, expert judgment, and more. The goal is to choose appropriate and multiple methods to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection.
According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.0
A community needs assessment identifies the strengths and resources available in the community to meet the needs of children, youth, and families. The assessment focuses on the capabilities of the community, including its citizens, agencies, and organizations.
Data can come from internal or external sources. Internal sources include company reports and records, while external sources are outside the organization, like information obtained from other companies. There are various methods for collecting primary data, like interviews, surveys, observation, and experiments. Secondary data has already been previously collected and can come from internal sources within an organization or external sources outside the organization. Data can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured, and varies in its level of organization and ability to be stored in a relational database. Key characteristics of good data include accuracy, validity, reliability, timeliness, completeness, availability, and accessibility.
1. The document discusses primary and secondary data, methods of data collection, and data classification.
2. Primary data is original data collected directly by researchers, while secondary data was previously collected by others. Primary data collection methods include surveys, interviews, and experiments, while secondary data comes from existing sources like publications and records.
3. Data classification organizes data into categories to aid usage and protection, with the goals of making data easily retrievable, meeting compliance requirements, and increasing awareness of data sensitivity.
This document provides an overview of strategies and tools for collecting data in evaluations. It discusses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Key points covered include:
- Data collection strategies depend on factors like the type of information needed, data sources, and resources available.
- Both structured and semi-structured approaches have advantages and disadvantages depending on the evaluation needs.
- Common data collection tools include surveys, interviews, focus groups, observation, records review, and expert judgment. The appropriate tool depends on the situation.
- It is best to use multiple data collection methods and triangulate data from different sources to increase accuracy. Thorough planning and testing of tools is also important.
This document discusses various methods and tools for data collection in research. It describes primary and secondary data sources, as well as quantitative and qualitative data. Several data collection methods are outlined, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and library or laboratory research. The document emphasizes that there is no single best method and researchers must consider their purpose, respondents, resources, and the type of data needed. Both structured and semi-structured approaches are described. The importance of sampling techniques and using multiple data collection methods, such as triangulation, is also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of strategies and tools for collecting data in program evaluations. It discusses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Key points include:
- Data collection strategies depend on factors like the information needed, data sources, resources, and intended analysis. Both structured and semi-structured approaches are described.
- When collecting original data, it is important to pre-test instruments and establish clear protocols. Using multiple methods, like surveys, interviews, and observations, allows for triangulation.
- Common tools include records/secondary data, observations, surveys/interviews, focus groups, diaries, expert judgment, and the Delphi technique. Each has advantages and challenges depending on the evaluation needs.
- Choosing the right
The document discusses various strategies and tools for collecting data in evaluations. It describes both quantitative and qualitative approaches, and notes that the best approach depends on factors like the information needed, resources available, and complexity of the data. It provides guidelines for collecting data and discusses the advantages and challenges of various tools, including surveys, interviews, focus groups, observation, diaries, expert judgment, and more. The goal is to choose appropriate and multiple methods to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection.
According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.08% during the forecast period, reaching USD 12290.99 million by 2028.According to the World Supply Chain Finance Report, the global Supply Chain Finance market size was valued at USD 7298.46 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 9.0
A community needs assessment identifies the strengths and resources available in the community to meet the needs of children, youth, and families. The assessment focuses on the capabilities of the community, including its citizens, agencies, and organizations.
Data can come from internal or external sources. Internal sources include company reports and records, while external sources are outside the organization, like information obtained from other companies. There are various methods for collecting primary data, like interviews, surveys, observation, and experiments. Secondary data has already been previously collected and can come from internal sources within an organization or external sources outside the organization. Data can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured, and varies in its level of organization and ability to be stored in a relational database. Key characteristics of good data include accuracy, validity, reliability, timeliness, completeness, availability, and accessibility.
1. The document discusses primary and secondary data, methods of data collection, and data classification.
2. Primary data is original data collected directly by researchers, while secondary data was previously collected by others. Primary data collection methods include surveys, interviews, and experiments, while secondary data comes from existing sources like publications and records.
3. Data classification organizes data into categories to aid usage and protection, with the goals of making data easily retrievable, meeting compliance requirements, and increasing awareness of data sensitivity.
1. Data can come from various sources like numbers, words, images, facts or ideas. It is needed to answer queries and forms the basis of analysis.
2. Primary data is original and collected specifically for a purpose, while secondary data already exists and is collected economically.
3. Key primary collection methods include observation, questionnaires, experiments, stimulation, interviews, and projective techniques. Secondary data comes from internal company sources or external personal and public sources.
This document discusses various methods for collecting data in research. It describes primary and secondary data, with primary data collected directly by the researcher and secondary data collected previously. Methods for primary data collection include observation, interviews using questionnaires or in-person, and other methods like surveys. Observation involves directly observing behaviors without questions while interviews are verbal exchanges. Questionnaires are surveys distributed for self-completion. The document also reviews collecting secondary data from published sources and ensuring its reliability, suitability, and adequacy for the research purpose. It concludes that researchers should judiciously select collection methods based on the study nature, funds, time, and required precision.
This document discusses research instruments and methods for data collection. It describes common tools for gathering data such as questionnaires, interviews, and observation. It also outlines characteristics of good research instruments and different types of surveys including census, sample, and pilot surveys. Finally, it discusses data sources, collection methods, and types of data.
This chapter discusses types and sources of data used in research as well as methods of data collection. There are two primary types of data: primary data collected specifically for the research purpose, and secondary data not collected for the specific research but still relevant. Data can also be classified by whether it relates to past/future behavior or attitudes/perceptions. Both primary and secondary data are needed to understand current and predict future market trends. Common primary data collection methods include observation, surveys, experiments, and qualitative methods. Secondary and primary data both have limitations such as outdatedness, inaccuracy, and ambiguity. The choice of data collection method also impacts the limitations, such as surveys not being able to answer "why" and qualitative research difficulty to
The document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data for research purposes. It describes primary data collection methods like observation, interviews, schedules, and questionnaires which involve directly gathering original data from respondents. It also explains secondary data research which uses already existing data collected by others. Some key secondary data sources mentioned include internal organizational records, government data, publications, and electronic databases. The characteristics of useful data like relevance, quality, timeliness and completeness are also summarized.
This document discusses research methodology and data collection. It covers primary and secondary data collection methods like observation, interviews, questionnaires, and reviews secondary sources. Specific methods of collecting primary data discussed include personal interviews, telephone interviews, questionnaires, and other techniques like warranty cards and consumer panels. The document also discusses organizing and graphically representing data through diagrams, graphs, tables and charts to better understand information and findings.
This document discusses research methodology and data collection methods. It covers primary and secondary data collection, methods of collecting primary data including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and other methods. It also discusses collecting secondary data and factors to consider when selecting a data collection method such as the nature of the study, time and costs. Specific data collection techniques are described like personal interviews, telephone interviews, mail questionnaires, and using existing data sources.
This document discusses various methods for collecting data in research. It describes primary and secondary data collection. Methods of primary data collection include observation, interviews using questionnaires. Observation involves systematically recording verbal and non-verbal behavior. Interviews can be conducted in-person or by phone and require carefully prepared questions. Questionnaires are often mailed to respondents who self-report answers. Secondary data involves using existing data from sources like government reports and publications. The researcher must ensure the reliability and suitability of secondary data for their study.
This document discusses research methodology and data collection methods. It covers primary and secondary data collection, methods of collecting primary data including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and other methods. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary data. Specific data collection methods like observation, interviews, questionnaires are explained in detail along with the steps involved. Sources of secondary data and factors to consider when using secondary data are also outlined.
Research process quantitative and qualitativeEMERENSIA X
The document outlines the steps in conducting qualitative research, including: 1) identifying a broad research problem area and objectives; 2) reviewing literature to gain preliminary information; 3) entering the research setting and contacting key informants; 4) selecting a small, qualitative sample and semi-structured data collection tools; 5) collecting data through interviews and observations while building rapport; 6) organizing and analyzing data through techniques like coding and thematic analysis; and 7) disseminating findings in publications or presentations.
This document discusses primary and secondary data. Primary data is originally collected field research through surveys, interviews, or observations. It provides original information but can be expensive and time-consuming to collect. Secondary data is previously collected data that someone else has analyzed, such as data from public records or published sources. It is quicker and cheaper to obtain but may be less accurate or reliable than primary data. The type of data used depends on the research goals, budget, time constraints, and desired accuracy. Both primary and secondary data can be used for similar research purposes as long as limitations are considered.
biostatistics for eving degree N&M recentstudent2.pptFatima117039
This document discusses different methods for collecting data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and using documentary sources. It provides details on each method, such as how to conduct interviews and structure questionnaires. It also covers the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to collecting data. The key methods discussed are observation, interviews, questionnaires administered in-person or via mail, and obtaining data from existing documentation and records.
There are four main types of research data based on collection methods:
1) Observational data collected through observation
2) Experimental data collected through intervention to measure change
3) Simulation data generated by imitating real-world processes using models
4) Derived data created by transforming existing data points
Data collection involves gathering information systematically to answer research questions. It is required for academic research, ongoing projects, and developing new products/services. Data can be qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. It can also be primary data collected directly or secondary data obtained from other sources. The type of data determines the appropriate collection method to use.
This document discusses sources of data for business decisions. It outlines primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data is collected directly through observation, surveys, or experiments. Secondary data comes from internal sources like sales reports or external sources like government publications, industry associations, and international organizations. Some advantages of secondary data are that it is economical, time-saving, and helps improve understanding. However, disadvantages are that the data may not exactly fit the study, accuracy is unknown, and it could be outdated.
Different Methods of Collection of DataP. Veeresha
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data.
Data are the basic inputs to any decision making process in any fields like education, business, industries…. etc
The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. It is real time data and which are collected by the researcher himself.
Secondary data means data that are already available i.e., they refer to the data which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else.
This document discusses different methods for collecting data for research studies. It describes the types of qualitative and quantitative data and some common sources of primary and secondary data like clinical observations, questionnaires, and administrative databases. Some specific data collection methods are explained like personal interviews, self-administered questionnaires, use of medical records, observation, and physical or chemical measures. Criteria for selecting a data collection method include appropriateness, feasibility, cost, validity, reliability, and responsiveness. The document also covers creating a data collection sheet and entering data in an analyzable format with consideration of variable type and unit of analysis.
This document provides an overview and summary of the key features of the statistical software package SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). It describes how SPSS can be used to perform statistical analysis and data management. The summary includes descriptions of the data editor, viewer, pivot tables, database access, transformations, and other core features. Procedures in SPSS can be accomplished through dialog boxes and menus using point and click functionality.
The Indian Contract Act of 1872 establishes the fundamental principles of contract law in India. It defines key terms related to contracts such as proposal, acceptance, consideration, agreement, and promisor/promisee. A proposal is an offer to do or abstain from doing something. When the person receiving the proposal agrees, it becomes an acceptance and the proposal then constitutes a promise. The person making the proposal is the promisor and the person accepting is the promisee. Consideration refers to something of value that is exchanged by both parties. An agreement containing consideration from both sides is a contract under Indian law.
1. Data can come from various sources like numbers, words, images, facts or ideas. It is needed to answer queries and forms the basis of analysis.
2. Primary data is original and collected specifically for a purpose, while secondary data already exists and is collected economically.
3. Key primary collection methods include observation, questionnaires, experiments, stimulation, interviews, and projective techniques. Secondary data comes from internal company sources or external personal and public sources.
This document discusses various methods for collecting data in research. It describes primary and secondary data, with primary data collected directly by the researcher and secondary data collected previously. Methods for primary data collection include observation, interviews using questionnaires or in-person, and other methods like surveys. Observation involves directly observing behaviors without questions while interviews are verbal exchanges. Questionnaires are surveys distributed for self-completion. The document also reviews collecting secondary data from published sources and ensuring its reliability, suitability, and adequacy for the research purpose. It concludes that researchers should judiciously select collection methods based on the study nature, funds, time, and required precision.
This document discusses research instruments and methods for data collection. It describes common tools for gathering data such as questionnaires, interviews, and observation. It also outlines characteristics of good research instruments and different types of surveys including census, sample, and pilot surveys. Finally, it discusses data sources, collection methods, and types of data.
This chapter discusses types and sources of data used in research as well as methods of data collection. There are two primary types of data: primary data collected specifically for the research purpose, and secondary data not collected for the specific research but still relevant. Data can also be classified by whether it relates to past/future behavior or attitudes/perceptions. Both primary and secondary data are needed to understand current and predict future market trends. Common primary data collection methods include observation, surveys, experiments, and qualitative methods. Secondary and primary data both have limitations such as outdatedness, inaccuracy, and ambiguity. The choice of data collection method also impacts the limitations, such as surveys not being able to answer "why" and qualitative research difficulty to
The document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data for research purposes. It describes primary data collection methods like observation, interviews, schedules, and questionnaires which involve directly gathering original data from respondents. It also explains secondary data research which uses already existing data collected by others. Some key secondary data sources mentioned include internal organizational records, government data, publications, and electronic databases. The characteristics of useful data like relevance, quality, timeliness and completeness are also summarized.
This document discusses research methodology and data collection. It covers primary and secondary data collection methods like observation, interviews, questionnaires, and reviews secondary sources. Specific methods of collecting primary data discussed include personal interviews, telephone interviews, questionnaires, and other techniques like warranty cards and consumer panels. The document also discusses organizing and graphically representing data through diagrams, graphs, tables and charts to better understand information and findings.
This document discusses research methodology and data collection methods. It covers primary and secondary data collection, methods of collecting primary data including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and other methods. It also discusses collecting secondary data and factors to consider when selecting a data collection method such as the nature of the study, time and costs. Specific data collection techniques are described like personal interviews, telephone interviews, mail questionnaires, and using existing data sources.
This document discusses various methods for collecting data in research. It describes primary and secondary data collection. Methods of primary data collection include observation, interviews using questionnaires. Observation involves systematically recording verbal and non-verbal behavior. Interviews can be conducted in-person or by phone and require carefully prepared questions. Questionnaires are often mailed to respondents who self-report answers. Secondary data involves using existing data from sources like government reports and publications. The researcher must ensure the reliability and suitability of secondary data for their study.
This document discusses research methodology and data collection methods. It covers primary and secondary data collection, methods of collecting primary data including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and other methods. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary data. Specific data collection methods like observation, interviews, questionnaires are explained in detail along with the steps involved. Sources of secondary data and factors to consider when using secondary data are also outlined.
Research process quantitative and qualitativeEMERENSIA X
The document outlines the steps in conducting qualitative research, including: 1) identifying a broad research problem area and objectives; 2) reviewing literature to gain preliminary information; 3) entering the research setting and contacting key informants; 4) selecting a small, qualitative sample and semi-structured data collection tools; 5) collecting data through interviews and observations while building rapport; 6) organizing and analyzing data through techniques like coding and thematic analysis; and 7) disseminating findings in publications or presentations.
This document discusses primary and secondary data. Primary data is originally collected field research through surveys, interviews, or observations. It provides original information but can be expensive and time-consuming to collect. Secondary data is previously collected data that someone else has analyzed, such as data from public records or published sources. It is quicker and cheaper to obtain but may be less accurate or reliable than primary data. The type of data used depends on the research goals, budget, time constraints, and desired accuracy. Both primary and secondary data can be used for similar research purposes as long as limitations are considered.
biostatistics for eving degree N&M recentstudent2.pptFatima117039
This document discusses different methods for collecting data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and using documentary sources. It provides details on each method, such as how to conduct interviews and structure questionnaires. It also covers the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to collecting data. The key methods discussed are observation, interviews, questionnaires administered in-person or via mail, and obtaining data from existing documentation and records.
There are four main types of research data based on collection methods:
1) Observational data collected through observation
2) Experimental data collected through intervention to measure change
3) Simulation data generated by imitating real-world processes using models
4) Derived data created by transforming existing data points
Data collection involves gathering information systematically to answer research questions. It is required for academic research, ongoing projects, and developing new products/services. Data can be qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. It can also be primary data collected directly or secondary data obtained from other sources. The type of data determines the appropriate collection method to use.
This document discusses sources of data for business decisions. It outlines primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data is collected directly through observation, surveys, or experiments. Secondary data comes from internal sources like sales reports or external sources like government publications, industry associations, and international organizations. Some advantages of secondary data are that it is economical, time-saving, and helps improve understanding. However, disadvantages are that the data may not exactly fit the study, accuracy is unknown, and it could be outdated.
Different Methods of Collection of DataP. Veeresha
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data.
Data are the basic inputs to any decision making process in any fields like education, business, industries…. etc
The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. It is real time data and which are collected by the researcher himself.
Secondary data means data that are already available i.e., they refer to the data which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else.
This document discusses different methods for collecting data for research studies. It describes the types of qualitative and quantitative data and some common sources of primary and secondary data like clinical observations, questionnaires, and administrative databases. Some specific data collection methods are explained like personal interviews, self-administered questionnaires, use of medical records, observation, and physical or chemical measures. Criteria for selecting a data collection method include appropriateness, feasibility, cost, validity, reliability, and responsiveness. The document also covers creating a data collection sheet and entering data in an analyzable format with consideration of variable type and unit of analysis.
This document provides an overview and summary of the key features of the statistical software package SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). It describes how SPSS can be used to perform statistical analysis and data management. The summary includes descriptions of the data editor, viewer, pivot tables, database access, transformations, and other core features. Procedures in SPSS can be accomplished through dialog boxes and menus using point and click functionality.
The Indian Contract Act of 1872 establishes the fundamental principles of contract law in India. It defines key terms related to contracts such as proposal, acceptance, consideration, agreement, and promisor/promisee. A proposal is an offer to do or abstain from doing something. When the person receiving the proposal agrees, it becomes an acceptance and the proposal then constitutes a promise. The person making the proposal is the promisor and the person accepting is the promisee. Consideration refers to something of value that is exchanged by both parties. An agreement containing consideration from both sides is a contract under Indian law.
Ajay wants to start a private consulting company. To form a private company, Ajay would need at least one other person, for a minimum of two members. The company must also have a minimum paid-up capital of Rs. 1 lakh. A private company restricts share transfers and limits membership to 50 people, excluding employees. It prohibits public offers of shares or debentures and deposits from non-members. This structure allows Ajay to control ownership while fulfilling the legal requirements for a private company.
This document summarizes the key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 including the rights of consumers such as the right to safety, information, choice, and redressal. It outlines unfair trade practices, how to file a complaint including essential information needed, and potential benefits and reliefs including speedy disposal of cases within 90 days and remedies like refunds, replacements or compensation.
1. Public sector undertakings (PSUs) are commercial or industrial enterprises owned and managed by the government to maximize social welfare and public interest.
2. PSUs operate in basic and public utility sectors like energy, transportation, and infrastructure. They are classified as public sector enterprises, central public sector enterprises, or public sector banks.
3. PSUs can be organized as departmental undertakings, statutory corporations, or government companies. Departmental undertakings have close government control while statutory corporations and government companies have more autonomy.
Animal cells combine to form tissues, organs, and organ systems that allow organisms to carry out life functions. Adaptations like panting in dogs and long necks in giraffes allow animals to obtain food, regulate internal conditions, and move in their environments. All animals must obtain food, either by eating plants as herbivores, meat as carnivores, or both as omnivores. Humans are omnivores. Animals reproduce both sexually through fertilization of egg and sperm cells that combine traits from both parents, and asexually through single organisms splitting to form identical new organisms.
This document summarizes a presentation on how lawyers should respond to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), which have become the global standard on this issue. The presentation covers: the history of UN engagement on business and human rights; an overview of the three pillars and key principles of the UNGPs; the work of the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights to promote the UNGPs; and the International Bar Association's Practical Guide for lawyers on navigating the intersection of business and human rights in line with the UNGPs.
1. The document provides instructions for using MLA format, which includes guidelines for formatting papers with 1-inch margins, 12 pt Times New Roman font, double spacing, and including a header with the author's name, class, and date. It also describes using parenthetical citations and including a Works Cited page.
2. Rules are given for when to use parenthetical citations, such as after direct quotes, statistics, specific dates, paraphrased information, and ideas from other sources. Exceptions are provided for common knowledge and dates.
3. Body paragraphs in papers should include claims supported by cited evidence and interpretation/discussion in order to properly craft arguments and avoid over-citing individual sentences. Failure to
MLA is the style guide of the Modern Language Association primarily used in the humanities. The 8th edition streamlined the citation process by making elements like author name, title, publisher, and date consistent across source types. It also abbreviates 3 or more authors to "et al." in citations. Core citation elements include author, title, container, contributors, version, number, publisher, date, and location. The location now always includes a URL for electronic sources. In-text citations refer to a full citation on the Works Cited page to give credit and allow readers to find sources.
The document summarizes key health and welfare provisions for workers under the Factories Act of 1948 in India. It outlines 10 health provisions relating to cleanliness, waste disposal, ventilation, dust/fumes, humidity, overcrowding, lighting, water, latrines/urinals, and spittoons. It also outlines 5 welfare provisions around washing facilities, clothing storage/drying, seating, first aid, and canteens. The document provides details on requirements for each provision under the Act.
This document discusses human resource development (HRD) for workers. It outlines several needs for HRD for workers, including developing their occupational capabilities, intellectual skills, and self-management abilities. The goals of HRD for workers are to treat them as central to organizational development and enable their participation in management decisions. However, HRD implementation for workers has been slow due to assumptions that manager development alone is sufficient, and lack of integration between HRD and industrial relations. The rationale for HRD for workers is that organizational growth requires developing all employee sections. Mechanisms discussed for HRD of workers include training, counseling, worker participation in management, welfare programs, and quality circles. Trade unions also have a role to play in HRD
Recent trends in human resource management include outsourcing functions, promoting work-life balance, using quality circles and total quality management programs, adopting six sigma processes, measuring employee engagement, managing talent, increasing workforce diversity, using HR scorecards, and managing organizational knowledge.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.