Forensic science refers to scientific disciplines applied to legal matters. There are many branches including forensic pathology, toxicology, DNA analysis, and ballistics. Forensic scientists analyze physical evidence but do not directly solve crimes. Their results are presented in court. Forensic chemistry involves applying chemical principles to investigations like drug analysis, arson, trace evidence analysis, and gunshot residue analysis. Identification, classification, and individualization are used to determine if a questioned sample matches a known one. Forensic scientists must understand both science and the legal system to properly analyze evidence and present findings in court.
Scope and significance of forensic chemistryNeha Agarwal
Forensic chemistry is the application of chemistry and its subfield, forensic toxicology, in a legal setting. A forensic chemist can assist in the identification of unknown materials found at a crime scene.[1] Specialists in this field have a wide array of methods and instruments to help identify unknown substances. These include high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thin layer chromatography. The range of different methods is important due to the destructive nature of some instruments and the number of possible unknown substances that can be found at a scene. Forensic chemists prefer using nondestructive methods first, to preserve evidence and to determine which destructive methods will produce the best results.
Along with other forensic specialists, forensic chemists commonly testify in court as expert witnesses regarding their findings. Forensic chemists follow a set of standards that have been proposed by various agencies and governing bodies, including the Scientific Working Group on the Analysis of Seized Drugs. In addition to the standard operating procedures proposed by the group, specific agencies have their own standards regarding the quality assurance and quality control of their results and their instruments. To ensure the accuracy of what they are reporting, forensic chemists routinely check and verify that their instruments are working correctly and are still able to detect and measure various quantities of different substances.
Scope and significance of forensic chemistryNeha Agarwal
Forensic chemistry is the application of chemistry and its subfield, forensic toxicology, in a legal setting. A forensic chemist can assist in the identification of unknown materials found at a crime scene.[1] Specialists in this field have a wide array of methods and instruments to help identify unknown substances. These include high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thin layer chromatography. The range of different methods is important due to the destructive nature of some instruments and the number of possible unknown substances that can be found at a scene. Forensic chemists prefer using nondestructive methods first, to preserve evidence and to determine which destructive methods will produce the best results.
Along with other forensic specialists, forensic chemists commonly testify in court as expert witnesses regarding their findings. Forensic chemists follow a set of standards that have been proposed by various agencies and governing bodies, including the Scientific Working Group on the Analysis of Seized Drugs. In addition to the standard operating procedures proposed by the group, specific agencies have their own standards regarding the quality assurance and quality control of their results and their instruments. To ensure the accuracy of what they are reporting, forensic chemists routinely check and verify that their instruments are working correctly and are still able to detect and measure various quantities of different substances.
what things are visible which instruments are used, what are the major functions of the instrument used and which is the best technique used by the scientific officer to compare whether two soil samples are from same area or different area.
Portrait Parle via Bertillon System By G S ShaktawatG.S Shaktawat
The individualization of the human is very hard thing from the ages. People had done or invented certain ways for the proper individualization of the person. The Bertillon System is the first anthropological technique for individualization invented by Sir Bertillon.
This PPT contains the content mainly from the history to the decline of the Bertillon system. And the center point of the PPT is the Portrait Parle or Bertillonage.
VSC VIDEO SPECTRAL COMPARATAOR FORENSIC APPLICATIONS BY SHAILESH CHAUBEY STUDENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE & CRIMINOLOGY FROM BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY JHANSI UTTAR PRADESH INDIA . THIS PPT SHOWS ABOUT THE FEATURES, APPLICATIONS , CASE LAWS & NEED OF VSC IN FORENSIC ASPECTS FOR DOCUMENT EXAMINATION & HANDWRITING . THIS PRESENTATION WILL HELP TO GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT VSC BY VARIOUS SLIDES.
This presentation will enable you to understand the requirements needed to make any forensic or analytical laboratory accredited and at par with other accredited laboratories worldwide. QMS is a mandatory and integral part of any organization to assure good quality to customers or consumers.
This presentation is a study material for the forensic aptitude and caliber test (fact and fact plus examination). This contains the topics Principles of forensic science and disciplines of forensic science. For the educational video please go to the link https://youtu.be/VBpgshoOQR4
A digital imaging instrument manufactured by Foster + Freeman that employs combinations of light sources and filters to examine document evidence under various wavelengths of radiation ranging from ultraviolet to the infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
VSC is a preferred tool as it supports non destructive examination of documents. VSC uses multiple parameters like IR, UV, and White light providing accurate results.
what things are visible which instruments are used, what are the major functions of the instrument used and which is the best technique used by the scientific officer to compare whether two soil samples are from same area or different area.
Portrait Parle via Bertillon System By G S ShaktawatG.S Shaktawat
The individualization of the human is very hard thing from the ages. People had done or invented certain ways for the proper individualization of the person. The Bertillon System is the first anthropological technique for individualization invented by Sir Bertillon.
This PPT contains the content mainly from the history to the decline of the Bertillon system. And the center point of the PPT is the Portrait Parle or Bertillonage.
VSC VIDEO SPECTRAL COMPARATAOR FORENSIC APPLICATIONS BY SHAILESH CHAUBEY STUDENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE & CRIMINOLOGY FROM BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY JHANSI UTTAR PRADESH INDIA . THIS PPT SHOWS ABOUT THE FEATURES, APPLICATIONS , CASE LAWS & NEED OF VSC IN FORENSIC ASPECTS FOR DOCUMENT EXAMINATION & HANDWRITING . THIS PRESENTATION WILL HELP TO GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT VSC BY VARIOUS SLIDES.
This presentation will enable you to understand the requirements needed to make any forensic or analytical laboratory accredited and at par with other accredited laboratories worldwide. QMS is a mandatory and integral part of any organization to assure good quality to customers or consumers.
This presentation is a study material for the forensic aptitude and caliber test (fact and fact plus examination). This contains the topics Principles of forensic science and disciplines of forensic science. For the educational video please go to the link https://youtu.be/VBpgshoOQR4
A digital imaging instrument manufactured by Foster + Freeman that employs combinations of light sources and filters to examine document evidence under various wavelengths of radiation ranging from ultraviolet to the infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
VSC is a preferred tool as it supports non destructive examination of documents. VSC uses multiple parameters like IR, UV, and White light providing accurate results.
EVALUATION SEMINAR ON FORENSIC TOXICOLOGYSupriyaCS12
This slides explains details Of Forensic Toxicology with its advantages and disadvantages of various specimens used in forensic toxicologyand forensic workplace drug testing based on four disciplines of forensic toxicology.
The are the notes for the newly added subject in B.Sc. Nursing Curriculum in 5th Semester and the subject is Forensic Nursing here is the 1st Unit as per the new 2024 INC Syllabus.
Introduction to Forensics by Piyush B. Thakur Piyush Thakur
Forensic scientist manage crime scene evidence for Police Department, Crime Branches, CBI, CID, Forensic Science Laboratories, IB, Banks, Defense/Army, Courts, Quality Control Bureau, Narcotics Dept., Universities, Hospitals, Organizations etc...also in Private Sector like Detective Agencies, Banks, Insurance Companies, Universities, Hospitals, Security Services Agencies, Helpful to Lawyers/Advocates, Law Firms, Private Companies, Own Private Practice etc... they play an integral role in the catching, conviction and acquittal of suspects in cases of all levels .
DEFINATION
Any material can develop significance in crime scene is physical evidence
Locard’s Exchange Principle
Locard’s Principle
Types of Evidence
Trace Evidence
Trace Evidence
Trace Evidence can be Fragile and Easily Lost
Transfer Evidence
Indented or Impression Evidence
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. Forensic Science
•The term “forensic science” refers to a group of
scientific disciplines which are concerned with the
application of their particular scientific area of
expertise to law enforcement, criminal, civil, legal,expertise to law enforcement, criminal, civil, legal,
and judicial
matters.
•Forensic science is the application of scientific
principles to matters involving law.
4. The forensic scientists do not directly solve crimes.
simply analyze the physical evidence.
Physical evidence includes all objects collected and
packaged at a crime scene that will be subsequently
analyzed in a crime laboratory.
Role of Forensic Scientist
analyzed in a crime laboratory.
The results should be recorded systematically to
submit before court.
Role of expert witness
5. Forensic chemistry is a specialized area of
forensic science involving the application of
Forensic chemistry
chemical principles and techniques to the
field of forensic investigation
6. Areas of Forensic Chemistry
Drug analysis
Arson
Trace analysis
Soil analysis
Gunshot residue analysis etc.
7. THEORY OF FORENSIC ANALYSIS
Forensic analysis may be performed to
(1) identify a questioned sample or
(2) compare a questioned sample to a known
sample for the purpose of determining the
source or origin of the sample
8. A forensic analysis follows the order of
1. Identification
2. Classification2. Classification
3. Individualization
9. Identification
Two types of analysis
Presumptive – provides enough information
to narrow down the searchto narrow down the search
Confirmatory-identify a questioned sample
absolutely
10. usually quick and inexpensive to perform.
In drug analysis, when presumptive analyses
Presumptive analyses
are negative, they exclude potential drug
candidates;
when they are positive, they direct the
forensic scientist toward viable
confirmatory analyses.
11. identify a questioned sample absolutely
required for court and must be performed to convict
someone for possession of an illegal substance.
use the unique chemical or physical properties of a
Confirmatory analyses
substance for the purpose of identification.
require more time and expense than presumptive
analyses.
require the use of sophisticated chemical
instrumentation to measure the unique properties that
lead to identification.
12. Comparative analysis :
Classification and Individualization
to link a questioned sample and a known
sample to a common originsample to a common origin
13. Class characteristics-
Properties of a substance that are shared by a
group of substances, but are not unique to all
substances of a single origin.
They allow for the placing of a questioned
sample into a class or group of several possiblesample into a class or group of several possible
origins.
For example, a class characteristic of hair is its
color. If a questioned hair sample is brown, it
could be determined that the hair originated from
a person with brown hair.
14. Properties of a substance that are unique
and can be used to establish origin.
For example, if the brown hair sample
contained enough DNA in its root for a
Individual characteristics
contained enough DNA in its root for a
DNA analysis, the DNA would be
considered an individual characteristic
15. Applications of Forensic Chemistry
Drug analysis- deals with the identification of illicit
(illegal) drugs,
Cannabis Sativa
Techniques used
TLC
GC-MS
16. The transfer of trace evidence is governed by what
has become known as the Locard Exchange
The trace analysis
Locard Exchange Principle
has become known as the Locard Exchange
Principle, which states that when two surfaces
come into physical contact there is a mutual
exchange of trace evidence between them.
17. SOIL ANALYSIS
Forensic soil scientists usually obtain soil
samples from crime scenes and suspected control
sites from which soil may have been transported
by shoes, a vehicle, or a shovel.by shoes, a vehicle, or a shovel.
For example, the exchange can take the form of
soil material from a location transferring to the
shoes of a person who walked through that
location.
18. Soil is a complex mixture of both organic and
inorganic material.
1.Microscopic Analysis- The natural variation
of color, texture, general appearance and
presence of vegetative matter are all
recorded.
2.Size Distribution: using a series of sieves
19. 3. Determination of pH:
pH =-log[H3O+]
•Soil pH is commonly determined by forensic
scientists during a soil comparison analysis after
moistening the soil with a predetermined amount ofmoistening the soil with a predetermined amount of
water.
• The pH of the water from the soil is tested using pH
indicators, litmus paper, or a pH meter. Soil pH is a
class characteristic used for comparison.
21. Gunshot residue analysis
When a firearm is discharged, gases are generated
containing burned and unburned components from both
the propellant and primer of the cartridge. This material
may deposit itself on the clothing of a victim or on the
hands of the person firing the weapon and is referred to as
To determine whether a suspect fired a weapon, a
sample is obtained by tape lifts taken from the hands
of suspected shooters
GSR contains lead,antimony and Barium
Techniquesused-SEM-EDX
gun shot residue.
22. Especially useful in hit-and-run
cases
where the paint chips are analyzed
by FTIR, and SEM. FTIR-used for
comparing the organic binder in the
Paint analysis
Paint transfer on an
paint with that of a standard (for
example, paint from a suspect's
vehicle).
SEM is used for identifying the
constituents of the inorganic
pigments present in the paint.
Paint transfer on an
automobile surface
23. Chemistry is an integral part of forensic science.
Forensic scientists must understand chemistry
principles, concepts, and techniques.
CONCLUSIONS
However, they must also be well versed in all
legal matters relevant to the occupation,
like the criminal justice system, state and
federal laws, and chain of custody.
24. Upon completing an analysis, forensic scientists
must be able to present their findings in a court
of law in a manner understandable to the general
public.
This requires an extensive understanding of
CONCLUSIONS
This requires an extensive understanding of
analysis techniques in addition to the ability to
speak publicly and articulate ideas clearly.
Forensic scientists work neither for the defense
nor for the prosecution; they simply serve as
advocates of the truth under all circumstances.