Fordyce spots are clusters of enlarged oil glands known as sebaceous glands that appear as raised bumps. They are harmless and appear over the borders of the lip, insides of the cheek, shaft of the penis, scrotum or labia in females.
https://www.icliniq.com/qa/medical-conditions/fordyce-spots
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
Not only the lesions in the body helps us to know about syphilis but also a minute nodule or lesion helps us to discover the syphilis. He who knows syphilis knows the medicine well. Earlier you found the disease the treatment and the prognosis will be good. Discover syphilis through your body's gateway.
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
Not only the lesions in the body helps us to know about syphilis but also a minute nodule or lesion helps us to discover the syphilis. He who knows syphilis knows the medicine well. Earlier you found the disease the treatment and the prognosis will be good. Discover syphilis through your body's gateway.
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
Benign, locally aggressive tumor of odontogenic epithelium, Previously called adamantinoma, Second most common odontogenic tumor after odontoma, Mandible is most common site, Usually asymptomatic and can be found incidentally on routine dental examinations
Differential diagnosis of white lesions in the form of a combination of various journals.
For easy diagnosis of various white lesions which we usually encounter in our clinics. A diagnosis tree along with various white lesions along with the lesions to which they resemble.
By:
Dr. Sunbul Tabrez
IRF6-related syndrome is a group of cleft lip and palate disorders including Van der Wood Syndrome (VWS) and Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome (PPS). People with VWS are at the lowest end of the spectrum. They can have cleft lip or palate or cleft palate or a combination of these abnormalities. People with PPS usually have cleft lip, cleft lip, or cleft palate, with additional skin and limb abnormalities, including dark skin on the back of both feet (papillary) and between the legs (between the veins), deformity, or abnormalities of the device. Mutations in the interferon-6 regulatory factor (IRF6) gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 1 at 1q32.2, have been linked to IRF6 syndrome
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
Benign, locally aggressive tumor of odontogenic epithelium, Previously called adamantinoma, Second most common odontogenic tumor after odontoma, Mandible is most common site, Usually asymptomatic and can be found incidentally on routine dental examinations
Differential diagnosis of white lesions in the form of a combination of various journals.
For easy diagnosis of various white lesions which we usually encounter in our clinics. A diagnosis tree along with various white lesions along with the lesions to which they resemble.
By:
Dr. Sunbul Tabrez
IRF6-related syndrome is a group of cleft lip and palate disorders including Van der Wood Syndrome (VWS) and Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome (PPS). People with VWS are at the lowest end of the spectrum. They can have cleft lip or palate or cleft palate or a combination of these abnormalities. People with PPS usually have cleft lip, cleft lip, or cleft palate, with additional skin and limb abnormalities, including dark skin on the back of both feet (papillary) and between the legs (between the veins), deformity, or abnormalities of the device. Mutations in the interferon-6 regulatory factor (IRF6) gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 1 at 1q32.2, have been linked to IRF6 syndrome
Mucocutaneous Involvement in Behcets Diseasenavasreni
Behçet’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by its clinical polymorphism associating mucocutaneous involvement to systemic manifestations. The mucocutaneous lesions are considered the hallmark of the disease, being the most common symptoms presenting at the onset of disease. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of this skin involvement during Behçet’s disease. We conducted a descriptive study over a period of 30 years, having collected all patients with Behçet’s disease.
Mucocutaneous Involvement in Behcets Diseasepateldrona
Behçet’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by its clinical polymorphism associating mucocutaneous involvement to systemic manifestations. The mucocutaneous lesions are considered the hallmark of the disease, being the most common symptoms presenting at the onset of disease. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of this skin involvement during Behçet’s disease
Mucocutaneous Involvement in Behcets Diseasesemualkaira
Behçet's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by
its clinical polymorphism associating mucocutaneous involvement
to systemic manifestations. The mucocutaneous lesions are
considered the hallmark of the disease, being the most common
symptoms presenting at the onset of disease. Our objective was
to determine the characteristics of this skin involvement during
Behçet's disease. We conducted a descriptive study over a period
of 30 years, having collected all patients with Behçet's disease.
These were 98 patients. A male predominance was observed in
our studied population with a Sex Ratio of 2.5. The mean age at
diagnosis was 34 years. Mucocutaneous involvement was observed
in all patients. Oral aphthosis was constant and genital ulcers, were
observed in 81 cases. The other mucocutaneous manifestations
were: pseudofolliculitis (61 cases), erythema nodosum (7 cases),
skin ulcers (4 cases), acneiform lesions (2 cases), perianal ulcers (1
case), skin ulceration (1 case) and erythema multiforme. (1 case).
All of our patients were treated with colchicine. Corticosteroids
and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were each indicated in
one case for resistant forms.
Mucocutaneous Involvement in Behcets Diseasekomalicarol
Behçet's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by
its clinical polymorphism associating mucocutaneous involvement
to systemic manifestations. The mucocutaneous lesions are
considered the hallmark of the disease, being the most common
symptoms presenting at the onset of disease. Our objective was
to determine the characteristics of this skin involvement during
Behçet's disease. We conducted a descriptive study over a period
of 30 years, having collected all patients with Behçet's disease.
These were 98 patients. A male predominance was observed in
our studied population with a Sex Ratio of 2.5. The mean age at
diagnosis was 34 years. Mucocutaneous involvement was observed
in all patients. Oral aphthosis was constant and genital ulcers, were
observed in 81 cases. The other mucocutaneous manifestations
were: pseudofolliculitis (61 cases), erythema nodosum (7 cases),
skin ulcers (4 cases), acneiform lesions (2 cases), perianal ulcers (1
case), skin ulceration (1 case) and erythema multiforme. (1 case).
All of our patients were treated with colchicine. Corticosteroids
and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were each indicated in
one case for resistant forms
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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presented by HAFIZ M WASEEM
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Recurrent miscarriages need to be investigated actually. You had live births but now had four consecutive miscarriages. It is better to have a thrombophilia screen and products of conception needed to be send out for histopathology to check any chromosomal, congenital, structural anomaly.
Read More:https://www.icliniq.com/qa/miscarriage/why-am-i-having-frequent-miscarriages
The most common cause of bleeding from gums is inflammation of the gums, otherwise called as gingivitis which leads to periodontitis if left untreated.
Read More:https://www.icliniq.com/qa/bleeding-gums/what-is-the-cause-and-solution-for-bleeding-gums
It is difficult to come to terms with the loss of a loved one or to deal with a chronic or terminal illness. People often keep all their emotions bottled up, which starts affecting their physical and mental health. To know about ways to acknowledge and accept the loss and to cope with grief more healthily click the link below https://www.icliniq.com/articles/emotional-and-mental-health/grief
Vaccines are the way to boost immunity and thus prevent a lot of diseases. The preparations are available as dead or live attenuated form. This article helps to understand the composition, mechanism of action and other important and basic concepts about vaccination.
Read More :Patient's Guide to Vaccines
https://www.icliniq.com/articles/healthy-living-wellness-and-prevention/a-patients-guide-to-vaccines
Emotions can be both boon or bane. One of the psychotherapies that uses emotions as the basis to manage patients having difficulty in controlling or adapting emotions is EFT (emotion-focused therapy). It is beneficial in improving one's own self and interpersonal relationships by following and guiding their emotional experiences and thus, bringing positive emotional changes and ultimately, a better change in life. The two major conditions where it is employed more commonly are depression and emotional trauma and have been clinically proven to be successful
Read More information about Emotion Focused Therapy: https://www.icliniq.com/articles/emotional-and-mental-health/emotion-focused-therapy
Bell’s palsy, also known as facial palsy, is a condition that causes sudden and temporary weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles, which results in an inability to control the muscles on the affected side of the face.
H1N1 is an influenza A virus which is the causative pathogen for swine flu. There have been seasonal outbreaks every year. The reason being, it is contagious, and mutations in the virus strain put everyone at risk every season. Awareness about this disease and its transmission, prevention, and management is critical to control the spread of the disease. We also need to clarify few myths associated with this disease
https://www.icliniq.com/articles/infectious-diseases/swine-flu-everything-you-need-to-know
Injury to the skin caused by exposure to extreme cold is called frostbite. This happens when you are exposed to temperatures below the freezing point of your skin.
https://www.icliniq.com/articles/diseases-and-disorders-common-medical-conditions/frostbite
Panic disorder is a condition characterized by extreme anxiety attacks which mimic heart attack symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, palpitation, heavy breathing, sweating, choking, etc. But, this is not due to any medical problem. It is completely a psychological issue and can be treated through psychological treatment.
https://www.icliniq.com/articles/emotional-and-mental-health/best-treatment-for-panic-disorder
Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, more commonly known as ringworm, is a kind of fungal infection which frequently affects the groin area although it can affect any part of the skin.
Pain in the anus is one of the most common complaints encountered in the outpatient clinics. The pain is sometimes described by the patient as 'my worst pain ever. This article provides some suggestions on how to avoid facing this annoying issue by making few dietary and lifestyle changes.
Source : https://www.icliniq.com/articles/gastro-health/anal-fissure-causes-prevention-and-cure
Dolo 650mg is a Paracetamol tablet which is commonly prescribed to reduce fever and for pain killer.
Source : https://www.icliniq.com/qa/fever/what-could-a-fever-of-two-days-duration-and-rigors-be-due-to
Many people are tired of sacrificing their favorite food and unable to find extra time for a workout. We all know how difficult it is to reduce weight by controlling food habits and exercises.
There are many such ways to involve yourself in different everyday activities, eat anything you want and still lose weight.
Visit the article given below to know about some smart ways to lose weight without sacrificing your lifestyle.
https://www.icliniq.com/articles/fitness/smart-ways-to-lose-weight
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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1. Case Report
Clinical Case Reports and Reviews
Clin Case Rep Rev, 2015 doi: 10.15761/CCRR.1000140 Volume 1(6): 121-122
ISSN: 2059-0393ISSN: 2059-0393
Fordyce Spots
Alexander K. C. Leung1
* and Benjamin Barankin2
1
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Pediatric Consultant, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Canada
2
Dermatologist, Medical Director and Founder, Toronto Dermatology Centre, Canada
Abstract
Fordyce spots, also known as Fordyce glands, are enlarged sebaceous glands. They lack an association with hair follicles and have ducts opening directly onto the
cutaneous surface. Although these sebaceous glands are present at birth, they are not obvious until puberty when they enlarge in response to the gonadal and adrenal
androgenic hormones. The prevalence in adults is 70 to 80%. The male to female ratio is approximately 2:1. Clinically, Fordyce spots appear as asymptomatic, isolated
or scattered, minute, creamy yellow, discrete papules. They occur most commonly and most conspicuously on the vermilion lips and oral mucosa and, less commonly,
on the penis, scrotum, and labia. The lesions are usually bilateral and symmetrical. Treatment is usually not necessary apart from reassurance about the benign nature
of the condition. Various destructive modalities have been employed by dermatologists with some success.
Correspondence to: Alexander K.C. Leung, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics,
University of Calgary, Pediatric Consultant, Alberta Children’s Hospital, #200,
233-16th Avenue NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2M 0H5, Tel: (403) 230-3322,
E-mail: aleung@ucalgary.ca
Key words: fordyce spots, fordyce granules, sebaceous glands, lips, oral mucosa,
genitalia
Received: May 13, 2015; Accepted: June 20, 2015; Published: June 24, 2015
Introduction
In 1896, Fordyce described the occurrence of whitish spots on the
oral mucosa and vermilion border of lips; the condition now bears his
name [1]. Subsequent to that, manifestations of these spots on other
anatomic body parts have been described.
Epidemiology
The incidence of Fordyce spots, also known as Fordyce glands,
increases with age, being more common in adults than in children [2].
The prevalence in adults is 70 to 80% [3]. The male to female ratio is
approximately 2:1 [4].
Pathogenesis
Fordyce spots are enlarged sebaceous glands that can occur on
various body parts such as the lips, oral mucosa, penis, and, labia. Some
authors suggest that Fordyce spots are ectopic/heterotopic sebaceous
glands [2,4]. Other authors suggest that the lesions are not necessarily
ectopic/heterotopic as it is not uncommon to have subtle or invisible
sebaceous glands on the lips [5,6]. In one study, normal sebaceous
glands were present on the vermilion border of the lips in 80 to 95%
of adults [5].
Fordyce spots lack an association with hair follicles and have ducts
opening directly onto the cutaneous surface [4,6,7]. Although these
sebaceous glands are present at birth, they are not obvious until puberty
when they enlarge in response to gonadal and adrenal androgenic
hormones [3,7,8]. Enlargement of sebaceous glands renders them
visible throughout the overlying epithelium [5].
Histopathology
Histological examination of the lesions show enlarged cutaneous
sebaceous glands, consisting of a group of mature sebaceous lobes
surrounding small ducts that emerge at the epithelial surface [8]. These
sebaceous glands lack an association with a hair follicle [3]. Pathological
alterations are rare [4].
Clinical manifestations
Clinically, Fordyce spots appear as asymptomatic, isolated or
grouped, minute (pinhead-sized), creamy yellow, discrete papules
[6]. Occasionally, the papules are lobulated or form plaques [2,3].
They occur most commonly and most conspicuously on the vermilion
border of the lips (Figure 1) and oral mucosa and, less commonly, on
the penis, scrotum (Figure 2), and labia [6]. The lesions are usually
bilateral and symmetrical [4,7]. On the penile shaft, these papules are
Figure 1. Fordyce spots on the upper lip.