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1. Foraze
Presentation
Machine Education Design

2. Machine Definition
A machine is a thing that is created by people to make work
easier. Some machines have many parts that move. Examples
are bicycles and clocks. Some machines do not have parts that
move. Examples are computers and telephones.

3. The idea of a simple machine originated with the Greek
philosopher Archimedes around the 3rd century BC, who
studied the Archimedean simple machines: lever, pulley,
and screw. Archimedes discovered the principle of
mechanical advantage in the lever.
History

4. The idea that a machine can be decomposed into
simple movable elements led Archimedes to define the
lever, pulley and screw as simple machines. By the time
of the Renaissance this list increased to include the
wheel and axle, wedge and inclined plane.
Simple Machine

5. Simple Machine
Wheel
Lever
Wedge (Hand Axe)

6. Perhaps the first example of a device designed to manage
power is the hand axe, also see biface and Olorgesailie. A
hand axe is made by chipping stone, generally flint, to
form a bifacial edge, or wedge.
Wedge
(Hand Axe)

7. The lever is another important and simple
device for managing power. This is a body
that pivots on a fulcrum. Because the
velocity of a point farther from the pivot is
greater than the velocity of a point near
the pivot.
Lever

8. The wheel is clearly an important early machine,
such as the chariot. A wheel uses the law of the
lever to reduce the force needed to overcome
friction when pulling a load.
Wheel

9. Mechanical System
A system of mechanisms that shape the actuator
input.
A power source and actuators that generate forces
and movement.
A controller with sensors that compare the output to a
performance goal and then directs the actuator input.
An interface to an operator consisting of levers,
switches, and displays.

10. Human and animal effort were the original
power sources for early machines. Natural
forces such as wind and water powered
larger mechanical systems.
Power Sources

11. Waterwheels appeared around the world around 300
BC to use flowing water to generate rotary motion,
which was applied to milling grain, and powering
lumber, machining and textile operations.
Waterwheels

12. Early windmills captured wind power to generate rotary
motion for milling operations. Modern wind turbines
also drives a generator. This electricity in turn is used to
drive motors forming the actuators of mechanical
systems.
Windmills

13. The word engine derives from "ingenuity" and
originally referred to contrivances that may or
may not be physical devices. See Merriam-
Webster's definition of engine.
Engine

14. A nuclear power plant uses heat from a
nuclear reactor to generate steam and electric
power. This power is distributed through a
network of transmission lines for industrial
and individual use.
Power Plant

15. Electric motors use either AC or DC electric current to
generate rotational movement. Electric servomotors
are the actuators for mechanical systems ranging
from robotic systems to modern aircraft.
Motors

16. Hydraulic and pneumatic systems use electrically driven
pumps to drive water or air respectively into cylinders to
power linear movement.
Fluid Power

17. The mechanism of a mechanical system is
assembled from components called machine
elements. These elements provide structure
for the system and control its movement.
Mechanism

18. This Is
Break Section

19. A number of machine elements provide important
structural functions such as the frame, bearings,
splines, spring and seals.
Structural
Components

20. Controllers combine sensors, logic, and actuators to
maintain the performance of components of a
machine. Perhaps the best known is the flyball
governor for a steam engine.
Controllers

21. The Arithmometer and the Comptometer are
mechanical computers that are precursors to
modern digital computers. Models used to
study modern computers are termed State
machine and Turing machine.
Computing Machines
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22. The biological molecule myosin reacts
to ATP and ADP to alternately engage
with an actin filament and change its
shape in a way that exerts a force, and
then disengage to reset its shape, or
conformation.
Molecular
Machines

23. Impact Of Machine
Automata
Mechanization And Automation

24. Mechanization or mechanisation (BE)
is providing human operators with
machinery that assists them with
the muscular requirements of work
or displaces muscular work.
Mechanization
And Automation
Automation is the use of control
systems information technologies
to reduce the need for human
work in the production of goods
and services.

25. An automaton (plural: automata or automatons) is
a self-operating machine. The word is sometimes
used to describe a robot, more specifically an
autonomous robot. A Toy Automaton was patented
in 1863.
Automata

26. Today mechanics refers to the mathematical analysis
of the forces and movement of a mechanical system,
and consists of the study of the kinematics and
dynamics of these systems.
Kinematics Of Machines
Dynamics of Machines
Mechanics

27. The dynamic analysis of machines begins with a rigid-
body model to determine reactions at the bearings,
at which point the elasticity effects are included.
Dynamics Of
Machines

28. The dynamic analysis of a machine requires the
determination of the movement, or kinematics,
of its component parts, known as kinematic
analysis.
Kinematics Of
Machines

29. Machine Design
Invention, which involves the identification of a need,
development of requirements.
Machine design refers to the procedures and techniques
used to address the three phases of a machine's lifecycle
Performance engineering involves enhancing manufacturing
efficiency.
Recycle is the decommissioning and disposal phase and
includes recovery and reuse of materials and components.

30. Thanks
For
Watching
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