Soft skills: Successful expatriation in a nutshellvandenanker01
The article summarizes latest findings in expatriate selection procedures. An appropriate mix between soft and hard skills and selection of non ethnocentric traits could help minimize expatriate failure rates.
Concurrent Paper Session 2.3 Peace & Partnerships | SDGs Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals Conference 2019, 24-25 Jan 2019, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand | https://tourism-sdg.nz
Soft skills: Successful expatriation in a nutshellvandenanker01
The article summarizes latest findings in expatriate selection procedures. An appropriate mix between soft and hard skills and selection of non ethnocentric traits could help minimize expatriate failure rates.
Concurrent Paper Session 2.3 Peace & Partnerships | SDGs Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals Conference 2019, 24-25 Jan 2019, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand | https://tourism-sdg.nz
In this chapter we will learn about the grounds of diversity, what kind if workforce will be needed for particular tasks, what pros diversity can bring to an organization and how to manage such a diverse workforce. In the end we will also learn about the current trends and global importance and implications of diversity.
Promoting organizational diversity in any organization requires each employee and the manager to develop a set of skills for their own professional development. As a result a dynamic group develops with a each member providing his or her own cultural identity to the team. Included in this team is not only an employee’s merit but the individual employee’s personality. Equipped with the knowledge of prejudice and discrimination a paradigm of diversity develops within the group. The result is a team of employees sharing and implementing ideas of cultural diversity among each other as well as with their clients.
Cenyue Wang RE Group 6 - Discussion Board QuestionCOLLAPSET.docxsleeperharwell
Cenyue Wang
RE: Group 6 - Discussion Board Question
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
With the rapid development of the economy, the development of enterprises has already shown a pattern of diversified development. More and more enterprises have gone abroad, and many foreign-funded enterprises have come to China for development. All these have brought a lot of opportunities for economic development at home and abroad. According to the course materials, I notice that the necessity of corporate intercultural adaptation. Intercultural communication is the study and practice of communication across cultural contexts (Bennet). Intercultural communication is a way to deal with relations among individuals from these gatherings that focus on the acknowledgment and regard of social contrasts, looks for the objective of common adjustment prompting biculturalism as opposed to straightforward osmosis, and supports the improvement of intercultural affectability with respect to people and associations to empower empathic understanding and equipped coordination of activity across social contrasts (Bennet). Based on the presentations and case analysis, adapting intercultural is the process of positive change in order to adapt to a new culture. This process can involve changing someone's beliefs and attitudes, knowledge, and skills. In cross-border trade, companies come into contact with people with different cultural backgrounds. These people often use different languages and have different customs and styles. These differences often lead to trouble. The external cultural features include language and eating habits, while the internal cultural features include beliefs, attitudes, and values. Successful acculturation includes adhering to the original values, customs, and beliefs while actively respecting the new culture and treating the two cultures fairly and unbiased.
All in all, what I learned from course, presentation and case analysis is, business leaders should recognize the cultural differences in foreign trade, attach importance to the cultivation of employees' intercultural adaptability and the improvement of their intercultural communication skills. Due to the acceleration of globalization, the cross-cultural adaptability of an enterprise is particularly important for its development, the organizations and companies should identify cultural differences and develop cultural identity.
Bennett, M. (n.d.). Intercultural Communication. Retrieved from https://www.idrinstitute.org/resources/intercultural-communication/
Bottom of Form
Lin Xiang
RE: Group 6 - Discussion Board Question
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Thanks to technology and travel, it is easier than ever to communicate with people in different parts of the world. So, intercultural communication is becoming more necessary for solving problems and achieving success, particularly in business. “Lack of knowledge of another culture can lead, at the best, to embarrassing or amusing mistakes in communication,” accor.
Leadership, Culture, Communication, and Diversity3Chapt.docxDIPESH30
Leadership, Culture,
Communication, and Diversity3
Chapter 3 Outline
3.1 Leading and Influencing Organizational
Culture
Dimensions of Organizational Culture
Different Types of Cultures
3.2 Competing Values Framework:
A Cultural Perspective
Adaptive Culture
Clan Culture
Achievement Culture
Bureaucratic Culture
Leading and Shaping Culture
3.3 Leadership and Strategic Communication
The Communication Process Defined
Newer Forms of Communication
How to Use the Communication Process
3.4 Leaders as Champions of Strategic
Communication
Create an Open Climate for Dialogue
Emphasize Strategic Topics
Focus on the Customer
Share Responsibility
Give and Receive Feedback
3.5 Leadership Skills in Persuasion
Four Steps of Persuasion
Four Traps that lead to Persuasion Failure
wei6626X_03_c03_p089-138.indd 89 8/5/11 8:45 AM
CHAPTER 3Leadership, Culture, Communication, and Diversity
The word culture can mean different things to different people: Perhaps it conjures up images of fine art, museums, and orchestras. Or perhaps it is the word you use to
describe the shared patterns, behaviors, and artifacts of a country, region, or society. In
fact, culture does have different “layers” that interact. For example, macrocultures include
national, religious, ethnic, and occupational cultures that exist globally; organizational
cultures exist in private, public, nonprofit, and government arenas; subcultures are found
in occupational groups within organizations; and microcultures exist within occupations
inside and outside organizations (Schein, 2010).
In this chapter, we focus on organizational culture before examining how culture more
generally—in terms of countries, nationalities, ethnicities, and so on—can have broad
implications for leadership efficacy and success. While the first two chapters laid the
foundation for understanding the nature of leadership, these final three chapters show
how leaders influence and shape organizations to achieve goals through communication,
strategy, and teamwork. We begin this discussion with organizational culture because
it shares a mutually dependent relationship with these three dimensions: An organiza-
tion’s culture affects how people communicate, how strategy is developed and imple-
mented, and how people work in teams. Culture can also be defined in terms of these
three dimensions. It is arguably the most important internal organizational dimension.
This chapter will also cover what is perhaps the more common usage of culture—interna-
tional cultures—and how different cultures and globalization present opportunities and
challenges for leadership. Since organizational and national cultures are influenced by
global trends—for example, technology innovations, mergers and acquisitions, influx of
international workers, and a mix of diverse values—leaders and followers must be able to
accommodate such changes in their organizations and teams. Understanding culture has
a substantial payoff ...
Cross Cultural Communication with reference to India, Netherlands and New Zealand.
What is culture ?
I
ceberg Theory Of Culture
Cross Culture Communication
Organizational Culture
Brief Introduction of Countries
India, Netherlands and New Zealand
Fundamental Dimensions of Culture
Trompenaars’ and Hampden-Turner’s 7 dimensions of culture
Etiquette and Customs
India
Netherlands
New Zealand
Business Etiquette and Protocol
India
Netherlands
New Zealand
2000 words essay CASE STUDY Select a significant event o.docxlorainedeserre
2000 words essay
CASE STUDY
Select a significant event or a situation in a developing country setting that you have observed e.g. through the media or read about; and identify a prominent response to that event or situation, which you observed or read about. Note that the event or situation might include, for example, an emergency, security threat, development crisis, social or political unrest, discovery of valuable natural resources, among others. These are just a few examples.
The case study should address the following points:
o Assess the event or situation, the key issues involved and the impact on the society
o Discuss the key goals and results sought by the society in this situation
o Determine whether and how a leader emerged in that context and what factors demonstrated this
o Analyze the leadership process outlining the following:
▪ Whose ideas shaped the responses to the situation. ▪ What evidence supported these ideas and how were they received by the society? ▪ The nature of the relationship between emergent leaders and the rest of the group or society ▪ Who provided guidance toward the defined goal(s)? ▪ What leadership qualities were useful in that situation?
o What outcomes were produced from the responses to that situation? Were these outcomes consistent with the goals initially expressed by that society?
o Did this event or situation and the response to it produce a new situation?
o Would you say that the society was better or worse off as a result of the responses to this event or situation?
o What overall conclusions can you draw from this experience about leadership and the leadership process?
Diversity at Workplace
The issue of workplace diversity has been at the center of battles and conflicts at many companies when doing recruitment. Some organizations believe that diversity is achieved by simply meeting the necessary proportions for the gender and race of the employees. However, there is more to this issue than meets the eye. Companies need to know that diversity at places of work is a multifaceted subject and needs the attention and comprehensiveness that it deserves. True diversity in most organizations has been a challenge to realize since many companies feel that they are good to go once they have a given number of employees from a certain gender, race, or religion.
Misconceptions about workplace diversity: what it is and what it is not
Diversity at places of work cannot be complete if there is no respect, acceptance, and collaboration regardless of the differences in gender, race, religion, political beliefs, native language, styles of communication, or sexual orientation among workers. Unfortunately, many organizations think that they have embraced diversity once they have employed people from different ethnicities, religious backgrounds, nationalities, races, sexual orientations, and gender. It should be understood that while this is a good step, it is just one of the ma ...
MGM316-1401B-01Quesadra D. GoodrumClass Discussion Phase2.docxandreecapon
MGM316-1401B-01
Quesadra D. Goodrum
Class Discussion Phase2
Colorado Technical University
Professor: Edmund Winters
4/07/2014
In an ever-changing world, intercultural business communication is one of the most vital aspects of carrying out business in foreign countries. We are set up to fail if we enter into foreign business agreements blindly. In the absence of proper communication skills, cultural awareness comes into play knowing the culture in which we are dealing. All of your concepts you may have grown up with and ideas that you have formed beforehand need to be thrown away and cast to the side. Your concepts and ideas in these business meetings will only be as effective as your communication skills. If your communications skills are weak so will be your presentation of your projected business plan. If I was going to develop a training program on the same, my lesson plan would look as illustrated below:
I. Class Objectives: The goals or objectives for class include understanding how language affects intercultural business communications and learning about different cultures and how they communicate when conducting business activities.
II. Connection to Course Goals: The class’s daily objectives will connect to the overall course goals by dealing with one topic at a time.
III. Anticipatory Set: What is usually involved in intercultural business communication and how should one behave if relocated to foreign countries such as United Arab Emirates, Mexico, China and Israel?
IV. Cultural Awareness
V. High vs. Low Context Cultures
VI. Language: Verbal vs. Non-Verbal
VII. Conversational Taboos
VIII. Interaction: Ethical/Unethical awareness
IX. Conclusion: connecting the objectives
My developed training program will help my students target and grasp the importance of the concepts listed and how they connect to one another. You will need to know a number of things regarding Cultural Awareness, High vs. Low Context Cultures, and Verbal vs. Non-Verbal, Conversational Taboos, and Interaction Ethical/Unethical awareness, and connecting the objectives. “Low context language is where things are fully spelled out or made explicit where there is also considerable dependence on what is actually being said or written (Gibson, 2002).” Western cultures tend to be inclined more toward low context language while Eastern and
Southern cultures are more inclined to use high context language (LeBaron, 2003).“High context language is whereby communicators assume a great deal of commonality of opinions and knowledge so that not much is made explicit (Novinger, 2001).” In other words, communication is in indirect ways. It is of crucial importance for business individuals venturing overseas to learn more about the business culture and etiquette present in countries such as Mexico, China, United Arab Emirates and Israel as they are not the same as the American business culture.
International Business Communication
Understanding other cultures tend to greatly enh ...
In this chapter we will learn about the grounds of diversity, what kind if workforce will be needed for particular tasks, what pros diversity can bring to an organization and how to manage such a diverse workforce. In the end we will also learn about the current trends and global importance and implications of diversity.
Promoting organizational diversity in any organization requires each employee and the manager to develop a set of skills for their own professional development. As a result a dynamic group develops with a each member providing his or her own cultural identity to the team. Included in this team is not only an employee’s merit but the individual employee’s personality. Equipped with the knowledge of prejudice and discrimination a paradigm of diversity develops within the group. The result is a team of employees sharing and implementing ideas of cultural diversity among each other as well as with their clients.
Cenyue Wang RE Group 6 - Discussion Board QuestionCOLLAPSET.docxsleeperharwell
Cenyue Wang
RE: Group 6 - Discussion Board Question
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
With the rapid development of the economy, the development of enterprises has already shown a pattern of diversified development. More and more enterprises have gone abroad, and many foreign-funded enterprises have come to China for development. All these have brought a lot of opportunities for economic development at home and abroad. According to the course materials, I notice that the necessity of corporate intercultural adaptation. Intercultural communication is the study and practice of communication across cultural contexts (Bennet). Intercultural communication is a way to deal with relations among individuals from these gatherings that focus on the acknowledgment and regard of social contrasts, looks for the objective of common adjustment prompting biculturalism as opposed to straightforward osmosis, and supports the improvement of intercultural affectability with respect to people and associations to empower empathic understanding and equipped coordination of activity across social contrasts (Bennet). Based on the presentations and case analysis, adapting intercultural is the process of positive change in order to adapt to a new culture. This process can involve changing someone's beliefs and attitudes, knowledge, and skills. In cross-border trade, companies come into contact with people with different cultural backgrounds. These people often use different languages and have different customs and styles. These differences often lead to trouble. The external cultural features include language and eating habits, while the internal cultural features include beliefs, attitudes, and values. Successful acculturation includes adhering to the original values, customs, and beliefs while actively respecting the new culture and treating the two cultures fairly and unbiased.
All in all, what I learned from course, presentation and case analysis is, business leaders should recognize the cultural differences in foreign trade, attach importance to the cultivation of employees' intercultural adaptability and the improvement of their intercultural communication skills. Due to the acceleration of globalization, the cross-cultural adaptability of an enterprise is particularly important for its development, the organizations and companies should identify cultural differences and develop cultural identity.
Bennett, M. (n.d.). Intercultural Communication. Retrieved from https://www.idrinstitute.org/resources/intercultural-communication/
Bottom of Form
Lin Xiang
RE: Group 6 - Discussion Board Question
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Thanks to technology and travel, it is easier than ever to communicate with people in different parts of the world. So, intercultural communication is becoming more necessary for solving problems and achieving success, particularly in business. “Lack of knowledge of another culture can lead, at the best, to embarrassing or amusing mistakes in communication,” accor.
Leadership, Culture, Communication, and Diversity3Chapt.docxDIPESH30
Leadership, Culture,
Communication, and Diversity3
Chapter 3 Outline
3.1 Leading and Influencing Organizational
Culture
Dimensions of Organizational Culture
Different Types of Cultures
3.2 Competing Values Framework:
A Cultural Perspective
Adaptive Culture
Clan Culture
Achievement Culture
Bureaucratic Culture
Leading and Shaping Culture
3.3 Leadership and Strategic Communication
The Communication Process Defined
Newer Forms of Communication
How to Use the Communication Process
3.4 Leaders as Champions of Strategic
Communication
Create an Open Climate for Dialogue
Emphasize Strategic Topics
Focus on the Customer
Share Responsibility
Give and Receive Feedback
3.5 Leadership Skills in Persuasion
Four Steps of Persuasion
Four Traps that lead to Persuasion Failure
wei6626X_03_c03_p089-138.indd 89 8/5/11 8:45 AM
CHAPTER 3Leadership, Culture, Communication, and Diversity
The word culture can mean different things to different people: Perhaps it conjures up images of fine art, museums, and orchestras. Or perhaps it is the word you use to
describe the shared patterns, behaviors, and artifacts of a country, region, or society. In
fact, culture does have different “layers” that interact. For example, macrocultures include
national, religious, ethnic, and occupational cultures that exist globally; organizational
cultures exist in private, public, nonprofit, and government arenas; subcultures are found
in occupational groups within organizations; and microcultures exist within occupations
inside and outside organizations (Schein, 2010).
In this chapter, we focus on organizational culture before examining how culture more
generally—in terms of countries, nationalities, ethnicities, and so on—can have broad
implications for leadership efficacy and success. While the first two chapters laid the
foundation for understanding the nature of leadership, these final three chapters show
how leaders influence and shape organizations to achieve goals through communication,
strategy, and teamwork. We begin this discussion with organizational culture because
it shares a mutually dependent relationship with these three dimensions: An organiza-
tion’s culture affects how people communicate, how strategy is developed and imple-
mented, and how people work in teams. Culture can also be defined in terms of these
three dimensions. It is arguably the most important internal organizational dimension.
This chapter will also cover what is perhaps the more common usage of culture—interna-
tional cultures—and how different cultures and globalization present opportunities and
challenges for leadership. Since organizational and national cultures are influenced by
global trends—for example, technology innovations, mergers and acquisitions, influx of
international workers, and a mix of diverse values—leaders and followers must be able to
accommodate such changes in their organizations and teams. Understanding culture has
a substantial payoff ...
Cross Cultural Communication with reference to India, Netherlands and New Zealand.
What is culture ?
I
ceberg Theory Of Culture
Cross Culture Communication
Organizational Culture
Brief Introduction of Countries
India, Netherlands and New Zealand
Fundamental Dimensions of Culture
Trompenaars’ and Hampden-Turner’s 7 dimensions of culture
Etiquette and Customs
India
Netherlands
New Zealand
Business Etiquette and Protocol
India
Netherlands
New Zealand
2000 words essay CASE STUDY Select a significant event o.docxlorainedeserre
2000 words essay
CASE STUDY
Select a significant event or a situation in a developing country setting that you have observed e.g. through the media or read about; and identify a prominent response to that event or situation, which you observed or read about. Note that the event or situation might include, for example, an emergency, security threat, development crisis, social or political unrest, discovery of valuable natural resources, among others. These are just a few examples.
The case study should address the following points:
o Assess the event or situation, the key issues involved and the impact on the society
o Discuss the key goals and results sought by the society in this situation
o Determine whether and how a leader emerged in that context and what factors demonstrated this
o Analyze the leadership process outlining the following:
▪ Whose ideas shaped the responses to the situation. ▪ What evidence supported these ideas and how were they received by the society? ▪ The nature of the relationship between emergent leaders and the rest of the group or society ▪ Who provided guidance toward the defined goal(s)? ▪ What leadership qualities were useful in that situation?
o What outcomes were produced from the responses to that situation? Were these outcomes consistent with the goals initially expressed by that society?
o Did this event or situation and the response to it produce a new situation?
o Would you say that the society was better or worse off as a result of the responses to this event or situation?
o What overall conclusions can you draw from this experience about leadership and the leadership process?
Diversity at Workplace
The issue of workplace diversity has been at the center of battles and conflicts at many companies when doing recruitment. Some organizations believe that diversity is achieved by simply meeting the necessary proportions for the gender and race of the employees. However, there is more to this issue than meets the eye. Companies need to know that diversity at places of work is a multifaceted subject and needs the attention and comprehensiveness that it deserves. True diversity in most organizations has been a challenge to realize since many companies feel that they are good to go once they have a given number of employees from a certain gender, race, or religion.
Misconceptions about workplace diversity: what it is and what it is not
Diversity at places of work cannot be complete if there is no respect, acceptance, and collaboration regardless of the differences in gender, race, religion, political beliefs, native language, styles of communication, or sexual orientation among workers. Unfortunately, many organizations think that they have embraced diversity once they have employed people from different ethnicities, religious backgrounds, nationalities, races, sexual orientations, and gender. It should be understood that while this is a good step, it is just one of the ma ...
MGM316-1401B-01Quesadra D. GoodrumClass Discussion Phase2.docxandreecapon
MGM316-1401B-01
Quesadra D. Goodrum
Class Discussion Phase2
Colorado Technical University
Professor: Edmund Winters
4/07/2014
In an ever-changing world, intercultural business communication is one of the most vital aspects of carrying out business in foreign countries. We are set up to fail if we enter into foreign business agreements blindly. In the absence of proper communication skills, cultural awareness comes into play knowing the culture in which we are dealing. All of your concepts you may have grown up with and ideas that you have formed beforehand need to be thrown away and cast to the side. Your concepts and ideas in these business meetings will only be as effective as your communication skills. If your communications skills are weak so will be your presentation of your projected business plan. If I was going to develop a training program on the same, my lesson plan would look as illustrated below:
I. Class Objectives: The goals or objectives for class include understanding how language affects intercultural business communications and learning about different cultures and how they communicate when conducting business activities.
II. Connection to Course Goals: The class’s daily objectives will connect to the overall course goals by dealing with one topic at a time.
III. Anticipatory Set: What is usually involved in intercultural business communication and how should one behave if relocated to foreign countries such as United Arab Emirates, Mexico, China and Israel?
IV. Cultural Awareness
V. High vs. Low Context Cultures
VI. Language: Verbal vs. Non-Verbal
VII. Conversational Taboos
VIII. Interaction: Ethical/Unethical awareness
IX. Conclusion: connecting the objectives
My developed training program will help my students target and grasp the importance of the concepts listed and how they connect to one another. You will need to know a number of things regarding Cultural Awareness, High vs. Low Context Cultures, and Verbal vs. Non-Verbal, Conversational Taboos, and Interaction Ethical/Unethical awareness, and connecting the objectives. “Low context language is where things are fully spelled out or made explicit where there is also considerable dependence on what is actually being said or written (Gibson, 2002).” Western cultures tend to be inclined more toward low context language while Eastern and
Southern cultures are more inclined to use high context language (LeBaron, 2003).“High context language is whereby communicators assume a great deal of commonality of opinions and knowledge so that not much is made explicit (Novinger, 2001).” In other words, communication is in indirect ways. It is of crucial importance for business individuals venturing overseas to learn more about the business culture and etiquette present in countries such as Mexico, China, United Arab Emirates and Israel as they are not the same as the American business culture.
International Business Communication
Understanding other cultures tend to greatly enh ...
6/27/2015 Print
https://content.ashford.edu/print/AUMGT380.11.2?sections=ch03,sec3.1,sec3.2,sec3.3,sec3.4,sec3.5,sec3.6,sec3.7,sec3.8,ch3summary,ch04,sec4.1,sec4.2,s… 1/82
3 Leadership, Culture, Communication, and Diversity
The word culture can mean different things to different people: Perhaps it conjures up images of fine art, museums, and orchestras. Or perhaps it is the word you use
to describe the shared patterns, behaviors, and artifacts of a country, region, or society. In fact, culture does have different "layers" that interact. For example,
macrocultures include national, religious, ethnic, and occupational cultures that exist globally; organizational cultures exist in private, public, nonprofit, and
government arenas; subcultures are found in occupational groups within organizations; and microcultures exist within occupations inside and outside organizations
(Schein, 2010).
In this chapter, we focus on organizational culture before examining how culture more generally—in terms of countries, nationalities, ethnicities, and so on—can have
broad implications for leadership efficacy and success. While the first two chapters laid the foundation for understanding the nature of leadership, these final three
chapters show how leaders influence and shape organizations to achieve goals through communication, strategy, and teamwork. We begin this discussion with
organizational culture because it shares a mutually dependent relationship with these three dimensions: An organization's culture affects how people communicate,
how strategy is developed and implemented, and how people work in teams. Culture can also be defined in terms of these three dimensions. It is arguably the most
important internal organizational dimension. This chapter will also cover what is perhaps the more common usage of culture—international cultures—and how
different cultures and globalization present opportunities and challenges for leadership. Since organizational and national cultures are influenced by global trends—for
example, technology innovations, mergers and acquisitions, influx of international workers, and a mix of diverse values—leaders and followers must be able to
accommodate such changes in their organizations and teams. Understanding culture has a substantial payoff for everyone:
If we understand the dynamics of culture, we will be less likely to be puzzled, irritated, and anxious when we encounter the unfamiliar and
seemingly irrational behavior of people in organizations, and we will have a deeper understanding not only of why various groups of people or
organizations can be so different but also why it is so hard to change them. Even more important, if we understand culture better, we will
understand ourselves better and recognize some of the forces acting within us that define who we are. We will then understand that our
personality and character reflect the groups that socialized us and the groups with which we identify and to which we want to .
atify and describe the cult alue dimensions that help ural profile of.pdfjeeteshmalani1
atify and describe the cult alue dimensions that help ural profile of a country iad affect
organizational processes: power distance. quently arise out of garding time, change, material f
fre- values and orientations re- ancertainty avoidance, individualism, and mascu- In his later
research, Hofstede explored the encept of long-term versus short-term orientation . Managers can
use research results and personal obser vations to develop a character sketch, or cultural profile,
of a country. This profile can help managers anticipate how to motivate people and coordinate
work processes in a particular international context. piscussion Questions What is meant by the
culture of a society, and why is it im portant for international managers to understand it? Do you
notice cultural differences among your classmates? How do e differences affect the class
environment? How do they 3-3. Di Discuss how the Internet and culture interact. Which most af-
fects the other, and how? Give some examples Discuss collectivism as it applies to the Japanese
workplace. 3-4. affect your group projects? s does it affect? uss the types of operational conflicts
that could occur in an international context because of different attitudes toward time, change,
material factors, and individualism hat managerial functi Discuss the role of Islam in cross-
cultural relations and busi- ness operations. 3-5. Give examples relative to specific countries.
plication Exercises Develop a cultural profile for one of the countries in the fol- 37. In small
groups of students, lowing list. Form small groups of students and compare your findings in class
with those of another group preparing a pro- file for another country. Be sure to compare specific
findings regarding religion, kinship, recreation, and other subsystems. What are the prevailing
attitudes toward time, change, mate- ial factors, and individualism? nv A frican country ing the
four dimensions of power distance, uncertaint ance, masculinity, and individualism for one of the
countries in comparison to the United States. (Your inst assign the countries to avoid
duplication.) Present yo to the class. Assume you are a U.S. manager of a subs foreign country
and explain how differences on these are likely to affect your management tasks. What s you
have for dealing with these differences in the w
Solution
Culture of a society means the way people do things living in a society. This varies from place to
place to a large level. People living in a society will have different cultures, customs, behaviours,
language which can become a barrier if not tackled in the right way.
It is important for an international manager to understand it because of the trend of globalising
the business in international market. When the business is expanded to different places problems
are faced to understand the culture of that place and adjust to make variations according to the
existing culture of the place. For example the most important cultural barrier c.
Essay on diversity in the workplace - aiu(final)Donasian Mbonea
The world’s increasing globalization requires more interac¬tion among people from diverse backgrounds. People no longer live and work in an insular environment; they are now part of a worldwide economy competing within a global framework. For this reason, profit and non-profit organizations need to become more diversified to remain competitive. Maximizing and capitalizing on workplace diversity is an important issue for management (Betchoo, 2015)
Supervisors and managers need to recognize the ways in which the workplace is changing and evolving. Managing diversity is a significant organizational challenge, so mana¬gerial skills must adapt to accommodate a multicultural work environment. (Agarwala, 2010)
It is a known fact that diversity is gaining more importance nowadays than ever before given that the world better accommodates people with differences since it has transformed into a global village, a term that looked distant in the past but looks more apparent today than ever before. This calls for acceptance of differences which are, in essence, the elements of diversity. Traditionally, diversity could mainly focus on gender, age and ethnicity issues but there are new concepts like HIV/AIDS workers, dual – career couples, mobile workers that have become part of the workplace and have their role to play in the society (Betchoo, 2015).
Then comes the foreign employee. There are two trends that are identifiable. Firstly, people from the developing world moved in large numbers to rich countries that were their former colonists. Secondly, top executives are moving to developing nations to sell their managerial expertise. Foreign employees might also invoke the issue of cultural diversity and tolerance. Acceptance of diversity also covers the issue of race relations which are easy tough to manage despite struggles won in many parts of the world.
Workplace diversity exists when companies hire employees from various backgrounds and experiences. Many companies see workplace diversity as an investment toward building a better business. Although workplace diversity provides many benefits, it also poses many challenges to employees and managers. To reap the benefits of workplace diversity, employees and managers must understand the challenges and know how to effectively deal with them.
The essay explore the meaning of diversity as a concept, managing diversity, a model for diversity, HRM in workplace diversity, tools for managing diversity, benefits of diversity in the workplace, challenges of diversity in the workplace, strategies for managing diverse workforce, Literature review on managing workplace diversity as well as reviewing one case study on the topic.
Similar to For your response posts, do the following demonstrate more dept (20)
One of the recent developments facing the public administration of.docxarnit1
One of the recent developments facing the public administration of corrections is that there has been an increasing call by public officials and the citizenry to privatize the prison systems in the United States. Discuss the following in regard to this:
First, from the perspective of a public-sector correctional administrator, make 2 arguments for keeping the jails in public hands.
Second, from the perspective of a private-sector correctional facility manager make 2 arguments for turning the correctional system over to the private correctional industry.
Briefly discuss the types of challenges that each sector—both public and private—may face.
Are there any legal issues, either criminal or civil, that need to be addressed before privatization can occur?
Support your viewpoints from your readings and other appropriate outside sources, in APA format.
Please submit your...
(More)
Reading Assignment:
Peak, Chapters 9, 10, 11
.
One paragraph for each question 1.Discuss the work of Chuck C.docxarnit1
One paragraph for each question:
1.
Discuss the work of Chuck Close as we saw in the film in class. How does he work: show how he takes an image and changes it by the way he interprets it. Philip Glass states in the film: “It is the old idea of form and content, and what our generation did was include process”: apply this idea to Chuck’s work.
Look at EACH of the artists below on the Art 21 website.
Answer the following questions for each artist:
·
How does this artist work? Intuitively or intellectually?
·
How important is process to this artist?
·
What do you think this artist is trying to communicate?
·
Where do they get the ideas for their art ?
Barry McGee and Margaret Kilgallen
James Turrell Gabriel Orzoco
Shahzia Sikander Maya Lin
Ann Hamilton Do Ho Suh
Sally Mann
2.
In your text, pages 104-112, there is a discussion about the different roles of artists across cultures and time. What role do you think artists have in contemporary culture in the United States? What role do you think they should have? How important are the ideas and thoughts of artists to the development, maintenance, and structure of culture? Cite examples from your text about the different roles artists could play in modern culture.
3.
What is creativity (to you)? Find two examples of art you think is really “creative” describe why you think these works are “creative”. Explain why you think they are creative works. Do you exercise creativity? If not, why not? If so, how do you exhibit creative ideas and tendencies? Explain why you think creativity is important to culture.
.
One rich source of fallacies is the media television, radio, magazi.docxarnit1
One rich source of fallacies is the media: television, radio, magazines, and the Internet (including, of course, commercials.) Identify two distinct fallacies you see committed in the media. Do you think it is more likely that you will not be fooled by these fallacies having studied logic? What do you think those presenting these arguments assume about the logical skills of their viewers? Is this a good or bad assumption for them to make? 150 words
.
One Review of two pages is due the tenth week of class. It must be.docxarnit1
One Review
of two pages is due the tenth week of class. It must be a minimum of two typed pages, double spaced.
Your grade will drop significantly if it is less than two pages.
Scan any program, flyer, or ticket stub from the concert. Your grade will be lowered without this proof of attendance.
You must go to the concert during
this quarter!
Concerts attended during any other time frame are unacceptable and will receive an F.
the concert name is under the influence of music.
the singer name is sage the gemini. and the three songs are red nose, gas pedal and college drop.
Reviews should include the following:
1.
Name of the artist or group. Describe the musician(s) and instruments played. Briefly describe the audience and setting. How did the surroundings affect your experience?
2.
What were your expectations before attending the performance? Were those expectations met?
3. Describe two or three of the songs. Discuss any musical elements which stood out. For example:
Mood- what was the mood of the music? Exciting, sad, romantic?
Style- Rock and Roll, R and B, Hip Hop, Grunge, etc.
4.
Which was your favorite song and why? Which was your least favorite and why?
5. What did you like or dislike about the musicians playing and why?
6. Did you enjoy the performance on the whole? Why or why not?
.
One of the negative aspects of using nuclear power as an alternative.docxarnit1
One of the negative aspects of using nuclear power as an alternative energy source is
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10
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Conserving the quality of available water is a high priority world-wide. There are many countries whose water supply is reaching dangerous levels of contamination. For example, the longest river in China, the Yangtze, is less than 5 years from death if nothing changes. The statements below are possible effects on the environment if the Yangtze dies, which one is a positive effect on the environment?
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What does the endocrine system regulate?
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Which compound is a reusable, complex protein that speeds up chemical reactions?
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10
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Scientists do not base their conclusions on
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Environmental agencies have concerns over mineral mining regulations due to
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online 5 weeks. There are Weekly 1- (Reading Assignments 1 – 1.docxarnit1
online 5 weeks. There are Weekly :
1- (Reading Assignments 1 – 14)
28%
2- based reflective writing assignments
(Application Assignments 1 – 14)
28%
3-
Participation
in online discussions (Assignments 1-14)
14%
and one
Research report.
20%
also
Community Engagement/Experiential learning activities report
10%
See the attachment for more details.
.
Online Discussion #6 The Passing of Time2727 unread replies.2929 .docxarnit1
Online Discussion #6: The Passing of Time
2727 unread replies.2929 replies.
Please watch this video in its entirety. It is only about 13 minutes.
https://www.ted.com/talks/stephen_wilkes_the_passing_of_time_caught_in_a_single_photo (Links to an external site.)
Your to dos for this discussion:
1. Now that you have had a bit of photography history, and gained a bit of appreciation for the beauty you can find in everyday images. I'd like you to take 3 photos of something (landscape, building, people, animal, objects, anything) that is outdoors.
·
· Take the 1st photo in the morning
· Take the 2nd photo (of the same image) in the afternoon
· Take the 3rd photo (of the same image) in the evening/night
Same image, same point of view, same angle, same composition (meaning point your camera in the same direction/same distance).
2. Briefly describe 3 new concepts/ideas you learned from this video. The concept/idea can be about photography, art, science, anything. There is no right or wrong answer. I just want to know what are the top 3 things you learned. Number your concepts/ideas 1 through 3. Please briefly describe what is it you learned and why it is a new thing for you.
3. Embed the 3 photos in your post. What have you learned from looking at the 3 photos you took? What have you learned between the photos you took and looking at the photos in the video.
1. Example:I observe how the beauty of nature invite us to appreciate the bright of the day and night and we could join the gorgeous vision with colors and multiples contrast an the same moment mix with material objects at the same time such as nature places, buildings and surround people or animals as a part of the artwork.
2. I also observe ho in the second picture more intense sunlight the in color and also could be observe as the peak of their brightness and I remember how it was related to the video the comparison of daytime in one of the first pictures of rocks and the spectator could see the different of colors with one part less brighter than the other in that place. Also is mention the time guide us and believe is true for example depends of what we see in the day we have an idea of the time it is.
3.-Also Impact to me part of the video when is mentioned how animals understand better than humans that we have to share our resources and they are agree to do it. Also something that I don’t used to appreciate that I believe is a excellent reflex ion that we are observing through the windows of the time is everyday and every moment which allow me to compare the admirable invaluable treasure in these pictures at famous places such as Yosemite .
I like this outdoors pictures due that is something that now helps me to appreciate more the windows time and also that this could guide me to be more observant and encourage me to analyze the infinity ways that I could appreciate more the art pictures with these different colors ,in shadows, in day time and specially in their uniq.
One to two page summary explaining the following 1.A basi.docxarnit1
One to two page summary explaining the following:
1.
A basic explanation of Moral Virtue Theory, Duty Theory, and Utilitarianism.
2.
A comprehensive explanation of which theory you feel best represents your personal ethical viewpoint and why you feel this way.
I need this by today midnight eastern standard time. Please advise
.
ONEWAY alcohol BY ratingSTATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY.docxarnit1
ONEWAY alcohol BY rating
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY
/PLOT MEANS
/MISSING ANALYSIS
/POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).
Oneway
Notes
Output Created
07-JUN-2013 12:39:57
Comments
Input
Data
C:\Users\donn\Documents\GCU Lead fac\Project with Judy for modifying PSY845 to introduce SPSS\drinks database -revised for course applications DH.sav
Active Dataset
DataSet1
File Label
SPSS/PC+
Filter
Weight
Split File
N of Rows in Working Data File
35
Missing Value Handling
Definition of Missing
User-defined missing values are treated as missing.
Cases Used
Statistics for each analysis are based on cases with no missing data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax
ONEWAY alcohol BY rating
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY
/PLOT MEANS
/MISSING ANALYSIS
/POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).
Resources
Processor Time
00:00:00.33
Elapsed Time
00:00:00.42
[DataSet1] C:\Users\donn\Documents\GCU Lead fac\Project with Judy for modifying PSY845 to introduce SPSS\drinks database -revised for course applications DH.sav
Descriptives
Alcohol by Volume (in %) for brand
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
VeryGood
11
4.9000
.17889
.05394
4.7798
5.0202
Good
14
4.6000
.38829
.10377
4.3758
4.8242
Fair
10
4.5100
.34140
.10796
4.2658
4.7542
Total
35
4.6686
.35295
.05966
4.5473
4.7898
Descriptives
Alcohol by Volume (in %) for brand
Minimum
Maximum
VeryGood
4.70
5.20
Good
4.00
5.50
Fair
3.90
5.00
Total
3.90
5.50
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Alcohol by Volume (in %) for brand
Levene Statistic
df1
df2
Sig.
1.420
2
32
.256
ANOVA
Alcohol by Volume (in %) for brand
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
Between Groups
.906
2
.453
4.357
.021
Within Groups
3.329
32
.104
Total
4.235
34
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable:
Alcohol by Volume (in %) for brand
Tukey HSD
(I) Rated Quality of Brand
(J) Rated Quality of Brand
Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
VeryGood
Good
.30000
.12995
.069
Fair
.39000
*
.14093
.025
Good
VeryGood
-.30000
.12995
.069
Fair
.09000
.13354
.780
Fair
VeryGood
-.39000
*
.14093
.025
Good
-.09000
.13354
.780
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable:
Alcohol by Volume (in %) for brand
Tukey HSD
(I) Rated Quality of Brand
(J) Rated Quality of Brand
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
VeryGood
Good
-.0193
.6193
Fair
.0437
*
.7363
Good
VeryGood
-.6193
.0193
Fair
-.2382
.4182
Fair
VeryGood
-.7363
*
-.0437
Good
-.4182
.2382
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Homogeneous Subsets
Alcohol by Volume (in %) for brand
Tukey HSD
a,b
Rated Quality of Brand
N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1
2
Fair
10
4.5100
Good
14
4.6000
4.6000
VeryGood
11
4.9000
Sig.
.784
.082
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 11.436.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
Mean.
One Paragrapher per question.1) The internet has significantly.docxarnit1
One Paragrapher per question.
1) The internet has significantly changed the way that organizations conduct their business operations in breaking down barriers that previously existed. In what ways do organizations have to change their business models and operations due to the effects of the internet? Use specific examples to justify your conclusions.
2)
The content up to this point covered microeconomics. Are there any concepts covered that you found most useful or interesting, or some concepts you find difficult?
3) Find an article on a current event related to microeconomics. Briefly summarize the article.
.
Online Dating and its effects on our Interpersonal Communication..docxarnit1
Online Dating and its effects on our Interpersonal Communication.
Are we closer, or further apart?
1-
Summarize new ideas on the topic (positive and negative effect on Interpersonal Communication)
and
conclude with how online dating relates to Interpersonal Communication
2
-
In the second portion of the paper you will discuss how learning to function within a Small Group is an essential part of the larger human experience (use your own life, work, pop culture, research, etc to elaborate your position)
*Page count for the paper is 4 double spaced pages* MLA style
You are required to use 2 outside sources for this major paper.
Please be sure to include formal citations.
(You can use our text, popular press (newspaper/magazines), academic articles, etc)
Due Tuesday June 25th at 8PM-Original work only
.
ONE QUESTIONLARGE CLASS I have given you the whole module under th.docxarnit1
ONE QUESTION
LARGE CLASS I have given you the whole module under the question requirements.
QUESTION
You need to teach vocabulary of character personality traits such as honest, stubborn, or sensible. NOT moods such as ahppy and sad.
When considering presentation techniques have in mind the target language is NON VISUAL you can’t draw honest so think of another way to convey the meaning
Please include
List of words of words you will teach
Assumed knowledge of students list of vocabulary structures you will expect your students to know
Anticipated problems.
Solution
s.
Prearations and aids
Step by step entire lesson and timing
THIS IS MY LAST CHANCE HELP
Understandably, before teachers begin teaching their first large class, they tend to think about the challenges inside the classroom. However, after a few days, it becomes clear that responsibilities outside class are equally challenging.
Welcome to this module on
teaching large classes.
Teaching large volumes of students at any one time is always a challenge, and so it is particularly important for the teacher to be well prepared. This module can help you overcome the difficulties generated from a large class, but it will also help you make the most of the benefits that it can provide.
In this module, you will find out:
a variety of methods and techniques to help you teach a large class of students to communicate in English
how to manage your time outside class
ways to manage a large group of students
how to keep your students participating and motivated
how to cater for students with different proficiency levels
how to arrange students
how to promote learner independence
how to organise feedback
how to monitor and assess student performance in a large class
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY LARGE CLASS
When we say 'large' we generally mean a class of 30-60 students, in some instances up to 100. The educational system of some countries precludes the formation of language groups that are so large, however in other countries, for instance India, China or South Korea, such classes are quite common.
School administrations may choose to split students into smaller groups for the following reasons:
Overpopulation and a lack of teachers.
The traditional belief that still prevails in some parts of the world where the aim of a language course is to prepare students for an examination (usually a formal, written, grammar-based one) rather than teach them to communicate in English. A lesson is therefore viewed as a lecture where a certain amount of knowledge is to be passed on to the students.
Depending on room size it would be difficult to divide the class but definitely possible.
Assess competency and delegate stronger class members to lead smaller groups within class room.
Delegate 4 class members if your class is 60 and instruct them each to distribute and collate homework.
Failing to prepare before entering the class means the class is doomed to fail
Rising to the challenge stimulates professional gro.
Once the training analysis is completed, the organization and employ.docxarnit1
Once the training analysis is completed, the organization and employee development human resources specialist uses adult learning theories to turn the training needs into training materials, courses, and instructional design.
Address the following elements of understanding the adult learning model:
Explain the theories of adult learning principles.
Compare the differences between child/adolescent and adult learning models (pedagogy and andragogy).
Discuss the concept of learning styles, personalities, and how these concepts are combined with adult learning in organizational training and development programs.
Explore the options that organizations have in applying adult learning to a comprehensive training and development program.
.
Once each individual selects their own feature topic, then each pers.docxarnit1
Once each individual selects their own feature topic, then each person should prepare their own
2 page text report that explains and presents the essence of the particular WSJ feature they are reviewing, plus some appendices as noted below
. The objective of each member’s individual 2 page report is to efficiently & effectively communicate a GENERAL message regarding what the WSJ feature section is about, as well as key and interesting insights presented in the section and gained through your work.
An example is provided at the end of this document.
.
Once the Application has started up and you are at the Start Page, s.docxarnit1
Once the Application has started up and you are at the Start Page, select the create a new project option. When presented with the New Project window like the one below, be sure that you have highlighted Console Application under the Templates window. Now give the new project the name INV_GRAB in the Name field, and have the location field pointing to the F:\SAI430 folder you have on the F: drive. The diagram below depicts what your New Project window should look similar to.
Once you have done this, select OK to complete this operation. You may get a "Microsoft Development Environment" message box stating that the project location is not a fully trusted .NET runtime location. You can ignore this and just select OK. You should now see your new project listed in the
Solution
Explorer window on the upper right hand corner of the editor window. You are now ready to begin setting up your form.
STEP 2: Setting Up a Database Connection
Back to Top
The first step now is to set up a database connection with Access and then a data set that can be used to transport the data from the database to the application to be written to a file. For the purposes of this lab and your project, you will only need data from two columns in the ITEMS table of the INVENTORY database, but we will control that with the code written later. The following steps will lead you through the process of setting up the connection.
To begin, you need to add the following three namespaces to the top of your application code:
using System.IO;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.OleDb;
Since you are going to be not only connecting to a database but also writing data to a file, you will need all three of these listed.
Now you can set up the connection to your Access database that you downloaded and put in your folder. The actual connection string is @"Provider=Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0; data source=F:\inventory.mdb". This is a standard connection string for MS Access. You will want to precede this with the command - string conString = so that the finished connection looks like this.
string conString = @"Provider=Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0; data source=F:\SAI430\inventory.mdb";
This is simply defining a string variable named conString and assigning the connection string to it. We will use this variable later.
Now we need to define an OleDbConnection that will be used to connect to the database. To do this you will need to define a connection variable as a new OleDbConnection and point it to the connection string defined in the previous step. Your code should look like the following.
OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(conString);
Now you can connect and open the database with the following command entered right below the line above.
conn.Open();
Last, we need to declare a variable that will be used later on. Although this really has nothing to do with setting up the database connection, this is as good a place as any to do this. You need to define a single variable named rowCount as an.
Once an individual has become a victim of a crime, there is the myst.docxarnit1
Once an individual has become a victim of a crime, there is the mystique of the victim not knowing how the criminal justice system operates and what role the victim plays in the system. The police chief of Anytown Police Department has compiled a group of staff members to put together an instructional document that would explain to a victim about the criminal justice system. You and your group are the team tasked with compiling this document.
As a group, draft a paper that depicts the various roles and responsibilities of the criminal justice system components: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. Include what civil proceedings a victim can seek against an offender. Finally, include a section that describes a victim’s advocacy program, as well as highlights the services and activities provided to crime victims.
Group Project Portion (1)
As a group, determine how the following sections of the paper will be divided among the members with regard to victims, roles, and responsibilities:
Law enforcement
Courts
Corrections
Civil Court proceedings
Victim’s advocacy programs
Be sure to divide the above sections equally among members.
Individual Portion
Conduct your research, and write your portion of the comprehensive document that was assigned to you during the Group Portion (1).
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
Group Portion (2)
Meet as a group and compile your Individual Portions into the final comprehensive group submission.
Read through the final group document, and post a comment for each section in the Small Group Discussion Area.
The comments should explain one of the following to the individual writers:
Important information that was missed and why it should be included in the final document
Which part of the writer's Individual Portion is most significant to the value of the group document
Be sure that all responses are of high quality and offer valuable feedback.
.
Once again, open and read aboutMuseo Nacional de Banco Centr.docxarnit1
Once
again
,
open and read about
Museo Nacional de Banco Central de Ecuador
and the
Fundación Guayasamín
.
Write about upcoming shows and exhibitions at either of these museums. Use the future tense and
ir
+
a
+
infinitivo
in your answer.
.
One function of a leader is to provide the vision for the organiza.docxarnit1
One function of a leader is to provide the vision for the organization they lead. Being a role model and leading the way forward are important aspects of leadership. If you were leading an internet retailer or other organization that involves innovative technology and organizational flexibility, describe the process you would engage to create a vision for the organization and how you would get employees involved in that vision.
.
One afternoon at work, Natalie received a phone call from her daught.docxarnit1
One afternoon at work, Natalie received a phone call from her daughter’s teacher. It seemed that Brandi had got into trouble, and Natalie would need to meet with Brandi’s teacher and the school principal. Natalie could not imagine what the trouble could be. Brandi was a straight-A student, played soccer, and was part of the school band. She also helped out with chores at home. On the way to the school, Natalie decided she would not jump to conclusions but would hear Brandi’s side of the story. Then, she would let Brandi have a piece of her mind!
At school, Natalie met the school principal; Brandi’s teacher; and a crying, red-eyed Brandi. Brandi and two other girls had stolen a pack of cigarettes from a teacher’s purse and were caught smoking in the woods behind the school. Worse, one of the other girls had stolen the teacher’s prescription medication, though Brandi said she did not know anything about that. The principal and teacher said that this was a serious breach of trust and was against school policy. They knew Brandi and were “shocked” that she was involved in this activity. In private consultation with Natalie, they said that Brandi was involved with the wrong crowd, but there was still time to intervene before she developed a pattern of bad behavior.
Natalie left the meeting angry with Brandi, but also feeling guilty and responsible. She had been working extra hours and was often busy with her schoolwork. Perhaps she had neglected Brandi or missed important warning signs. She would ground Brandi, but more importantly, she would pay much closer attention to whom she befriended and where she went. Natalie decided she would establish a schedule where she would help the girls’ do their homework.
Natalie felt tired. After all the years of guidance and parenting, how could “two stupid tweens” undo all her hard work? She felt she had worked hard teaching Brandi and Jenny how to make good decisions and to know right from wrong. She worried what the next ten years would bring. She pondered the possibilities of other peer influences, alcohol, drugs, and boys.
Research differential association theory and social learning theory as applied to criminal behavior and crime using the textbook, the University online library resources, and the Internet. Select two scholarly, peer-reviewed articles for use in this assignment.
Based on the scenario, your readings and research, respond to the following:
How could Brandi’s behavior be explained using differential association theory?
How could Brandi’s behavior be explained using social learning theory?
What are the strengths and limitations of these two theories as applied to this example?
Be sure to support your responses using the selected resources.
Write your initial response in 4–6 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
.
One of the key aspects of developing a strategy for the human elemen.docxarnit1
One of the key aspects of developing a strategy for the human elements in information technology (IT) project is to identify the roles and responsibilities of those affected by and involved with the projects. These people are called the
stakeholders
, and they will be the ones who determine the success of the projects. The key aspects of a project's success include the identification of the stakeholders and planning and preparing for the strategies of communication between those stakeholders.
For this assignment, you will continue to work on the Human Elements in IT Strategy document by identifying the stakeholders and defining their roles and responsibilities within the IT projects. You will then establish a strategy for communication between these stakeholders, including the methods of communication and identification of the key artifacts of project information that must be communicated during project execution. This is the Key Assignment First Draft.
The project deliverables are as follows:
Update the Human Elements in IT Strategy document title page with a new date.
Update the previously completed sections based on instructor feedback.
IT Project Stakeholders
Stakeholder Identification, Roles, and Responsibilities
Create a list of the key stakeholders in your organization’s IT projects.
Describe the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder with respect to IT projects.
Summarize the issues related to the organization's IT projects that are important to each stakeholder.
Stakeholder Communication
Develop a strategy for communication between the stakeholders identified in the first part of the assignment.
The communication strategy should identify the major communication that should occur during the project and the key artifacts that should be communicated.
For example, a design document should be one of the key artifacts, and it should be communicated to specific project stakeholders.
A communication matrix would be appropriate for this part of the assignment.
Be sure to update your table of contents before submission.
.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
For your response posts, do the following demonstrate more dept
1. For your response posts, do the following:
Demonstrate more depth and thought than saying things like “I
agree” or “You are wrong.”
Respond to at least two of your peers’ posts and indicate why
you agree or disagree with their conclusions.
Peer 1:
When I think of change, I don't consider it a bad thing because
if applied in the right way, it can achieve great things. I see
change as an opportunity to break out of the norm and bubble
and try new things and techniques. Change allows us to figuring
out new things, being innovative, collaborate with others, and
have a chance to share our thoughts and opinions. In the world
that we live in today, change is constant and things and people
are constantly changing. For an organization to stay successful
and thrive, they need to open and adaptable to change. Every
organization will run into the issue of team members not being
on board with the change, but by having the proper process of
change, tools and templates the change will better accepted and
have a higher rate of success (Aziz & Curlee, 2017). When
change is implemented the right way it will allow for
evolvement and new developments. As mentioned earlier, I
work for an organization that has been through some big
changes, but one thing I know for a fact is that Rocket Mortgage
does an outstanding job at introducing the change and setting
out a plan to make sure the change works out in the company's
favor. An organization should control the change, not the
change control the organization.
Aziz, E. E., & Curlee, W. (2017). How Successful
Organizations Implement Change : Integrating Organizational
Change Management and Project Management to Deliver
2. Strategic Value. Project Management Institute.
Peer 2:
I have been a part of a few organizations that went through a
process of organizational change, and each of these change
experiences were difficult to experience because of things like
poor communication, resistance from staff, and poor planning.
One organization in particular had a policy of communicating
major changes in the month or even on the day the changes were
occurring. This typically resulted in quite a bit of resistance,
especially since there always seemed to be changes that were
happening and people were getting tired of it.
Although organizational change can be hard when navigated
poorly, it is an important part of organizational success.
According to an article in the Harvard Business Review,
organizational change is "necessary for companies to succeed
and grow" as things like new technology, global expansion, the
need for remote work systems, new leadership, and the adoption
of new business models so the company can move forward into
the future all impact the organization (Stobierski, 2020).
However, the strategies surrounding the change are just as
important, as I personally experienced during the experiences I
described above. Without effective strategies, organizational
change can be "rocky and expensive in terms of both time and
resources and can result in low morale and poor skill
development" (Stobierski, 2020). Ultimately, poor change
strategies and poor change management can lead to
organizational failure.
References
Stobierski, Tim. (2020). Organizational Change Management:
What it is &Why it's Important. Harvard Business Review
Online.
3. 22REFLECTIONSVOLUME19, NUMBER 1
Background
Legacy of Oppression
The historical exchanges between wealthy nations
and poorer nations were riddled with exploitation
and suffering. Colonizers, who conquered and
administered foreign lands for their own benefit,
enslaved or otherwise subordinated populations,
remapped the world based on Western greed and
broke down societal structures, as well as altered
cultures and human relationships within native
populations. Colonization determined global
relationships and left a legacy of challenges for
those from wealthier countries who try to contribute
in positive ways through their visits and work in
developing nations.
More U.S. Americans Travel Overseas
4. Only 10% of U.S. citizens travel out of country each
year, yet the trend has been increasing (Smith,
2008). In spite of terrorism and the economic
plunges, international travel has become easier and
cheaper. It's not just employees of international
businesses, the very rich, church-sponsored
missionaries, or students on study abroad programs
who are able to travel, but more people from a
broader cross section of society for a wide variety of
reasons choose to move between continents
(Furnham, 2010). This diversity of travelers offers
the possibility of forging more interconnection that
builds respect and mutual understanding or
increases the chance for exploitation and
misunderstanding, including church groups' moral
tourism.
Travel brings people face to face with different
realities, worldviews and cultural symbols, and
5. thereby often generates some level of stress (Smith,
2008). Though it has not been empirically shown
that all people experience culture shock, there is
agreement in the literature that encountering new
cultures is stressful (Martin, 2010). For these
reasons there are sometimes pre-departure
orientations that teach students and employees
sojourning abroad about the complexities and
ambiguities of new cultural exposure and
intercultural communication (Martin, 1980).
Cultural Intelligence
Intelligence in the context of one's home culture
doesn't necessarily transfer to intelligence in
understanding and responding in a different cultural
context. Slawomir Magala (2005) discusses that
culture is both the medium through which we accrue
knowledge of the world and the shaper of that
knowledge. The author stresses, “the meaning of
6. culture as a language in which we express ourselves
and through which we become aware of our ends,
means and meanings” (p. 47). Some, who are
successful at working, learning, and functioning in
their own familiar culture, do not have the cultural
intelligence to successfully adapt to another cultural
setting.
Cultural intelligence (CQ) is a new construct
defined as a person's “overall capability to function
and manage effectively in culturally diverse
settings” (Ang et al., 2007). Cultural intelligence
involves appropriately interpreting others behavior
in the new environment, respecting different cultural
values and behaving in ways that are culturally
acceptable. According to Earley and Ang (2003)
Pondering Ethical Issues and Cultural Sensitivity When
Working, Volunteering, and Traveling in “Developing
Nations”
Su san Wei n g er
7. Abstract: Aconscious self-awareness may help travelers explore
and adapt to another culture. In this paper, I
attempt to demonstrate this self-monitoring process by sharing
my reflections about some internal thoughts,
conflicts, and ethical issues which I pondered while traveling,
conversing, and researching in two Asian
countries.
Keywords: social work; cultural intelligence; ethics; developing
nations; Bangladesh; Cambodia
23REFLECTIONSVOLUME19, NUMBER 1
there are four components of cultural intelligence:
metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and
behavioral. The metacognitive component involves
high order mental processes that enable the
acquisition of cultural learning. It involves skills
used to understand a different cultural framework
and take in information about that culture. The
cognitive piece consists of the specific knowledge
acquired about a culture's norms, traditions, and
8. practices. The motivational aspect refers to the
desire to learn about and adapt to a different culture
so that one can direct one's attention and energies in
cross cultural situations to do so. This motivation
empowers people to reach beyond their comfort
zone, confident that they can be successful in cross
cultural exchanges (Ang et al., 2007). The
behavioral component concerns having a sufficient
repertoire of behaviors from which to choose
adaptive behavioral responses required in the new
cultural context.
CulturallyAdaptive Personal Characteristics
Alongside the importance of cultural intelligence,
the literature in the fields of international
management and psychology suggest that the
personal characteristics of new settlers relate to their
successful adaptation in new cultural settings.
According to Furnham (2010), successful
9. expatriates have personal characteristics of stress
tolerance, flexibility, communication skills, and
cultural empathy. Mol, Born, Willensen, and Van
der Molen (2005) found several personality factors
associated with high job performance among
expatriates including: extraversion, emotional
stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, local
language ability, cultural sensitivity, cultural
flexibility, social adaptability, ego strength,
interpersonal interest, and tolerance for ambiguity.
Mol, Born, and Van der Molen (2005) suggest nine
competencies that support employees' success in
foreign countries: (a) adaptation skills, (b) an
attitude of modesty and respect, (c) an
understanding of the concept of culture, (d)
knowledge of the host country and culture, (e)
relationship building, (f) self-knowledge, (g)
intercultural communication, (h) organizational
10. skills, and (i) personal and professional
commitment. The traits and competencies
emphasized by these authors suggest that it is
important to accept the validity of different points of
view, hold an interest and respect for different
cultures, and demonstrate a flexibility and
adaptability that stems from self-confidence and
mature humility. It appears that the very
characteristics that are needed for openness and
adjustment to stay abroad are also those that are
strengthened by cultural immersion.
Cross-Cultural Competence
The literature of social work and psychology refers
to ‘cross-cultural competence’ as a necessary
professional capacity for counseling and otherwise
serving diverse clients. Cross-cultural competence
involves knowledge of histories of oppression,
cultural characteristics of different groups, and self-
11. knowledge about one's own culture and ethnic
prejudices, so that workers can justly serve clients
through sensitive understanding and effective
communication. The National Association of Social
Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics and social work
education emphasize cultural sensitivity in an effort
to eliminate discrimination or cultural disrespect in
serving diverse clients and to promote policies and
societal changes based on social justice. Although
cross-cultural competence is most often used in
relationship to work across cultures within the
United States, the term has application to cross-
cultural exchanges abroad as well.
Hooker (2005) claims that there is a “Western mind-
set” which assumes “that there is essentially one
way to live – ours. Anyone who lives differently
just needs some time, and perhaps some advice from
us, to develop properly.” Perhaps a way of
12. mitigating an ethnocentric mindset and developing
cross-cultural competence is to monitor one's own
reactions, feelings, and thoughts. Rather than
focusing on the differences in the foreign culture
compared to one's own culture, it may be helpful to
question how one differs from the unfamiliar
culture. Keeping the focus on oneself as being
different and needing to figure out how to negotiate
these differences, may lessen interference from
personal biases while learning about others (Laird,
1998). Dean (2001) proposes the importance of a
continual conscious awareness of our lack of
cultural competence. Maintaining such awareness
of “not knowing” would encourage an orientation to
learn about those from whom we differ and
critically increase self-knowledge. Knowledge
about one's biases and values and “not knowing”
paradoxically opens up possibilities for effective
13. cultural exchange and adaptation.
PonderingEthical Issues andCultural SensitivityWhen Working,
Volunteering, andTraveling in "DevelopingNations"
24REFLECTIONSVOLUME19, NUMBER 1
Background information suggests that the constructs
of CQ, culturally adaptive personal characteristics,
and cross-cultural competence, may be derived and
strengthened by staying alert to one's feelings and
thoughts in the various cultural contexts. Conscious
self-awareness that permits a traveler to be in touch
with themselves and their new environment may
slow down the process of arriving at conclusions,
and encourage toleration of ambiguity and different
realities. In this paper, I reflect on some internal
thoughts, conflicts, and ethical issues which I
pondered while traveling, conversing, and
researching in two Asian countries. Other travelers'
14. experiences, encounters, conversations, and
thoughts will be different of course, but maybe this
process of self-monitoring is a useful way to explore
and adapt to another culture. Perhaps the process of
questioning and wondering attempted in this paper
will contribute to a dialogue about the uncertainty
stemming from exposure to worlds in which
different ways of doing, seeing, believing, and
communicating are normative.
Observations, Thoughts, Conflicts
Before Take-Off
Issues popped up during the preparation stage even
before my departure date. Anurse at the university
health center reviewed the shots and medicine that I
needed to help prevent illnesses such as malaria. I
packed expensive malaria medication to protect me
from this serious illness that inhabitants and long
staying ex-pats cannot take, and hence must by
15. necessity live at greater risk. Do I take a camera or
not? Might people feel intruded upon or demeaned
by being the subject matter for a white foreign
woman's photo collection? Will these pictures be
used in a helpful way that outweighs the possible
slights that taking them might cause?
Internal questions arose after the declarations of
others when they learned about my impending
travels. Some questioned why I was going overseas
to volunteer when there were people in distress and
worthy causes in the United States. It might indeed
be easier to encounter people of other cultures
overseas than within our country where racial/ethnic
oppression has spurred lasting debris of distrust,
anger, and alienation. Was my trip to reach out
really one of avoidance, a path of least resistance, a
timid by-pass? It may be easier to work in a
developing nation in some ways than personally
16. confront the distrust, anger, denial, and danger
between the underprivileged and overprivileged in
my home country. The battle lines are drawn more
harshly here, perhaps, where persecution,
oppression, and indifference have shaped our
exchanges indelibly. I likely wouldn't be greeted
with smiles, curiosity, and seeming interest and
hospitality, but more likely tested and kept at a
distance until some modicum of trust was earned.
Such questions beg other questions about my own
prejudices, character, and values.
Sometimes praise of me or my plans seemed to be at
the expense of those I'd be visiting – as if the
countries would be populated with “poor people,”
one undifferentiated bland mass offering nothing of
value or interest to someone from a “developed”
nation. Simply revealing my plans seemed to put
me and my soon-to-be hosts in a category of ‘other,’
17. so I began to distinguish those in my support
network with whom I would share my experiences
trusting that they'd be respectful toward me and all
concerned.
I heard comments such as, “Oh, you are so gutsy.”
“You always do good things in the world.” “I live
through you and your adventures.” True, in part I
traveled to Asia for the purpose of trying to
contribute. In Bangladesh, I volunteered to research
the sustainability of an international non-
governmental organization's (NGO) program of
teaching gardening techniques and nutrition
information to rural women so that they can increase
the productivity of their home gardens and provide
more adequate nutrition for their families. In
Cambodia I volunteered to visit the programs of a
local NGO with the hope that I could lend my skills
as a social work professor to help them advance
18. their service delivery. But along with these good
intentions I knew that I was also expecting to
receive more than I gained from the experience.
Call it enlightened self-interest, but it was self-
interest nevertheless that motivated me. I also knew
that good intentions, especially when combined with
lack of cultural knowledge, can do harm. In
response to the comments about being brave and
adventuresome, I surely thought that I was going out
of my comfort zone but also that the United States
flushed with firearms, gross inequality of wealth,
and epidemic violence against women isn't in my
comfort zone either. Even the sincere,
congratulatory well wishes from people who care
PonderingEthical Issues andCultural SensitivityWhen Working,
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25REFLECTIONSVOLUME19, NUMBER 1
about me set off internal disputes.
19. The countries of destination presented particular
concerns. I am a Jew embarking to Bangladesh, a
largely Muslim country. Though there is a
movement toward extreme fundamentalism in
Bangladesh, it does not appear to be predominantly
supported by the citizenry. Nevertheless, there was
hardly, if at all, a Jewish presence in the country. In
the past, two Jewish organizations were forced to
shut down (Choudhury, 2009). So I wondered, do I
keep my Jewish identity under wraps, do I lie if
need be, am I OK with being untrue to who I am for
a duration, what is the cost to me of staying in a
country that might not want me, and have I
internalized prejudice to the degree that I am
volunteering in a country where I might be
shunned?
Then there is Cambodia, a country that the United
States bombed during the Vietnam war, creating the
20. instability that assisted the Khmer Rouge to come
into power. Our passivity in the face of this
genocide, and sometimes our support to the Khmer
Rouge, are shames on our nation. This happened
during my lifetime; I carried this shame as a U.S.
citizen as I thought about my pending stay in
Cambodia. What would my emotions be as I
communicated with Cambodians, and how would
they respond to my presence?
The conflicts, value issues and questioning didn't
stop at the border; they mushroomed while in
Bangladesh and Cambodia.
Ethical or Unethical Behaviors?
I was rebuked by a savvy tourist who warned me,
“Travelers should operate within the country's
norms or not travel at all because they do harm.” I
admitted to overpaying tuk-tuk (a carriage pulled by
a scooter/motorcycle) drivers up to four times the
21. local rates. In these transport vehicles passengers sit
in a carriage pulled by a scooter or sit directly on the
scooter behind the driver. The traveler accurately
noted that because tourists grossly overpay, these
drivers follow tourists around moving away from
possible local customers who need this transport as
well, and often annoy tourists by their frequent
solicitations. Furthermore, I knew from stays in
other countries that paying significantly more for
goods and services than what the local market
demands can unfairly result in higher prices for the
local population and for travelers on a tight budget.
Additionally, this overpayment does nothing to
increase mutual respect. Locals, for one, might
regard those who over pay as stupid, naïve and
incompetent; or they may surmise that such
overpayment reflects a leisurely life without any
financial concerns. Tourists might mistakenly
22. regard the exchange of smiles as no more than a
confirmation of the goodwill between them and the
driver/merchant.
From previous international sojourns, I remembered
the resentment I sometimes felt toward tourists who
readily paid even as much as 40 times the market
price only to congratulate themselves on snatching
an amazing bargain. Still, I succumbed to the desire
to overpay these drivers, who often waited for long
periods of time competing with other drivers for the
occasional customer, and did so six or seven days a
week. I was even more tempted to overpay in
Bangladesh where I sat in a carriage while the
rickshaw puller pedaled his bicycle in heat above
100 degrees Fahrenheit. I was so uncomfortable
being a player in this blatant enactment of over- and
under-privilege that I often tried to avoid the
emotional queasiness by walking instead. This
23. however offered no resolution because then I was in
the position of denying the rickshaw puller the
money my fare would have provided him. These
daily transportation decisions, rather than becoming
anodyne routine, were riddled with value dilemmas.
Respecting diversity and being culturally sensitive
should not mean deferring to injustice. Seeing a
man throwing a stone at a scampering dog, I shouted
at him in anger. He stopped and that was the end of
communication between us, perhaps one of the few
communications between him and a white woman,
and it wasn't pleasant. I carried food scraps with me
and gave them to hungry dogs. Later I learned that
one woman reportedly mentioned to another that I,
as an American, am more concerned with animals
than people. I know that my giving food to dogs
doesn't diminish any of my attempts to help humans,
but my actions could fuel stereotypes about the
24. callousness of U.S. Americans. Where people are
hungry, residents likely cannot afford the emotional
overload of seeing animals as highly sentient beings.
Still I believe that animal cruelty is universally
unethical.
PonderingEthical Issues andCultural SensitivityWhen Working,
Volunteering, andTraveling in "DevelopingNations"
26REFLECTIONSVOLUME19, NUMBER 1
Class Dilemmas
My jump up the economic ladder just by roaming
from one part of the world to another provided me
with opportunities and responsibilities that I am not
afforded in my own country. Of course, these come
with complications. I straddled the back of a nurse's
motorcycle as he drove to his patient's home in a
remote rural village in Bangladesh. We climbed up
ladder-like stairs to a bamboo house with a thatched
25. roof raised off the ground by 12 foot posts. We sat
on the floor of the unadorned porch across from the
patient and his wife. Soon the porch became
crowded with curious neighbors. The man's leg was
so seriously infected from a snake bite that he could
not walk. Without the availability of crutches, he
could only scoot. He couldn't afford transportation
to the hospital in Dhaka that provides free medical
care for certain patients; and the consequence of not
getting further treatment was dire. I was grateful to
be able to pay for this man's transportation.
Subsequently, I asked the nurse, “What happens to
others who need hospitalized medical care but can't
pay the costs of transport?” He responded,
“Sometimes I cover the cost with my own money,”
but if sufficient funds are lacking, the ill person
“waits at home to die.” Obviously serendipity
wouldn't always work, so I gave some money to the
26. nurse to potentially cover two future transports. I
returned to the city and bought some gifts and dined
in a lovely opened-air restaurant overpriced for the
average Cambodian. These expenditures on non-
necessities, if channeled to transportation fees,
might have saved additional lives. These choices, of
course, are always present when I am in the States
as well, but it is easier for me to ignore that I am
indeed making such a choice. Here, unmet medical
needs that result in physical disabilities and death
are tied to human faces, real people suffering, not
statistics about a distant population. This brings up
questions such as, ‘Is my enjoyment of a luxury
dinner equivalent to another person's life?ʼ And
could I enjoy my meal with such questions clashing
in my head?
In the United States we also have connected wealth
to health, medical care, and the right to live. But in
27. the U.S. my low middle-class living standard,
combined with the exorbitant costs of medical care,
preclude me from financially helping someone in
such calamitous need. However in Bangladesh, I
suddenly have the option of using my money to be
immensely helpful. And these responsibilities and
opportunities stay with me to some degree after I
return home, because I can't unlearn what I've
learned – although the immediacy disappears, the
memory dulls, distractions abound, and the
recriminations for not doing more soften.
Jumping to Conclusions
Good intentions might not lead to good deeds. I
noticed police pulling over scooter-taxis for reasons
that were not apparent to me. Aresident in
Cambodia informed me that police pull over drivers
of less expensive cars/vehicles in order to extort
bribes from those lacking power to cause any
28. repercussions. Similarly they impound carts that
persons use for their livelihood and reportedly
charge $50 for repossession. This can be a fortune
to a Cambodian, and it leaves the person without
means of earning a living until s/he pays up. I
thought I witnessed the prelude to such extortion,
when I saw police direct a man pulling his empty
cart to stop and wait along the side of the street. I
gave the distressed man $20. It was all that I had
and yet it fell short of the presumed $50 charge.
Perhaps it lessened his financial burden and eased
his emotional distress to know that someone cared.
However, it could be that the police noticed and
upped the charge. Who knows how the police
regarded a foreigner's presence, and maybe as a
result he was subjected to harsher punishment. Had
I even understood what was going on at all or
merely tied a piece of information to a happening
29. that seemed to match? With all these unknowns and
the possibility that I misread the interaction, my
small kindness could have resulted in more anguish,
so is it still kindness?
It's so easy to jump to conclusions when imposing
one's own norms onto other cultures. It became
apparent that persons communicated more subtly; it
was necessary to read between the lines in a way
that I wasn't used to doing in casual conversation.
At the end of a work day the woman who served as
my interpreter in a research project invited me to
join her in a visit to the man who formerly worked
as a cook in her parents' home. I had met this man
earlier in the day and when introduced he hardly
acknowledged me. My inclination was to
graciously decline because I wondered whether she
was acting out of polite obligation and whether he'd
sincerely welcome me to his home. She replied, “I
30. don't want to push you to come, but I want you to
PonderingEthical Issues andCultural SensitivityWhen Working,
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have the choice.” Thinking that I was taking the
hint I said, “I am a bit tired so I will pass on your
invitation this time.” But she resumed saying, “I
understand that you might not choose to come, but
you should feel free to come with me.” Not being
sure about the signals, I responded, “I would like to
accompany you.” It was a guess, but a good one.
We visited this man and his family who lived most
humbly in one room and cooked on the floor in a
storage room outside. Later, it emerged that the
interpreter was delighted and reassured by my
having joined her for the visit. Reportedly, she had
discussed inviting me with her mother who opined
that as an American I was sure to decline. This
31. outing built trust and helped our working
relationship.
Another example of the need to read between lines
and get past engrained assumptions was when an
interviewed mother stated that three of her sons had
died. My response of “I'm sorry,” was not translated
by the interpreter. I insisted that she relate that
apology which I assumed was empathic. Finally,
after my third unequivocal assertion, she interpreted
my retort to the participant, who did not respond to
my sympathy. After the interview I asked the
interpreter why she had repeatedly ignored my
condolences. From the interpreter's perception, this
mother, living in deep poverty, may be so
overwhelmed with trying to keep her other children
alive, that she likely feels relief that those sons did
not survive to need what she can't provide.
Jumping to conclusions is easy to commit when
32. dialogue circles about without resolution. One day,
squashed in the back seat of a car with five
employees of the NGO, we rode past a park the size
of one square block. I had walked in that park a
couple of times before and after bulldozers
unexplainably came to widen and deepen the pond
in its center. Now I had the opportunity to find out
from residents of Dhaka who surely knew why this
was being done. In response to my inquiry one
passenger noted, “Bulldozers are being used to
widen the pond.” “Yes, but why?” I asked in an
effort to clear up my confusion. “Because they are
trying to make the hole larger.” “There was just
room for the path around the pond and now that
land is being dug away,” I asserted in bafflement.
“Since there is not a lot of room for parks in Dhaka,
we need a bigger pond.” After one or two more
attempts for clarification, I ceased questioning.
33. Needless to say I was as puzzled after this dialogue
as I was before. Perhaps if I had been less curious
or a better reader between the lines, I would have
stopped inquiring sooner. Perhaps my questions
gave offense and so were circumvented. Possibly
this wasn't a politically safe topic. Maybe my
fellow passengers didn't know but thought they
needed to provide me with a response. I was left
knowing that I didn't discern something about the
culture that would have helped me to understand the
process of our communication. Reminding myself
that I am the one who lacks some cultural
knowledge is a protection against judging others in
my frustration.
Unearned Privileges
Many in developing countries might hold
resentments toward the U.S., but generally
individuals I encountered did not convey such
34. sentiments or I didn't interpret their communications
that way. Certainly I have experienced remarks,
stereotypes and generalizations, but overwhelmingly
I have been treated kindly, sometimes even with an
unearned layer of attention and respect. At times
my views or comments were considered seemingly
with the assumption that I had competencies not yet
demonstrated. This benefit of the doubt, unearned
privilege, even deference, provided me with a boost,
added to the pressure to perform, or caused me
discomfort.
Being repeatedly treated this way over time may
lead to or reinforce a sense of superiority. I
certainly saw examples of “Westerners” acting
disrespectfully toward the host population. Now in
the minority, I pondered that the actions of one
would stick to me as well. I couldn't help but feel
embarrassed by association when a U.S. American
35. grumbled about groceries being placed in a bag in a
different order than she preferred; or drove an SUV
fast in the rain skidding inches from a tuk-tuk only
to roll down his window to swear in English at the
soaking driver; or reportedly complained that “the
maid” in the guest house had placed his laundered
shirts on the wrong shelf.
The kindliness and respect afforded me had a
particular disconnect for me in Cambodia given our
heavy bombing of this country during the Vietnam
war and our support for the Khmer Rouge long
afterward. During the Nixon administration we
heavily bombed this country which sought
PonderingEthical Issues andCultural SensitivityWhen Working,
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28REFLECTIONSVOLUME19, NUMBER 1
neutrality. Some bombs killed and maimed civilians
36. outright, some exploded years later. We also lent
support to the Khmer Rouge who laid mines and
maimed civilians by this means and others.
(President Carter's administration covertly
encouraged China to support the Khmer Rouge not
wanting to do so overtly and be known for aligning
with a genocidal force. President Reagan's
administration backed seating the Khmer Rouge as
the legitimate representative of Cambodia at the
United Nations [Blum, 2000; Pilger, 1997, 2013;
Vacon, 2010].) Persons with physical disabilities
without benefit of …
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Type of service:
Writing from scratch
Work type:
Summary
Deadline:
37. (18h) Extend deadline
Academic level:
College (3-4 years: Junior, Senior)
Subject or Discipline:
Social Work and Human Services
Title:
Writer’s choice
Number of sources:
0
Provide digital sources used:
No
Paper format:
MLA
# of pages:
2
Spacing:
Double spaced
# of words:
550
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# of charts:
0
Paper details:
Instructions "I want to stress that my expectations for
these posts focus more on critical engagement rather than a
“right” or “wrong” answer. In fact, the discussion post is
intended for you to engage the assigned reading with questions,
observations, thoughts, and/or critiques that the work
illicit."
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38. Customer local details
03:37 AM, United States of America
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237516601_C.S._Weinger_5057118695437009.pdf