Food webs
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This document discusses food chains and how they work. It explains that food chains show how plants, animals, and humans rely on each other for food. Animals get energy by eating other animals or plants, forming links in a food chain. If one part of the food chain is disrupted, like a disease wiping out a species, it can affect the entire chain. The document also defines producers as plants that make their own food, consumers as animals that eat other organisms, predators as animals that eat other animals or prey.
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Food chains describe the transfer of energy as herbivores consume plants, carnivores prey on herbivores and other carnivores, and omnivores including people eat a combination of plants and other animals. For example, insects first eat plants, fish then eat the insects, frogs eat the fish, birds also eat the fish, and finally people are at the top eating fish, birds or other omnivores as links in the food chain.
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Food chains describe the transfer of energy as herbivores consume plants, carnivores prey on herbivores and other carnivores, and omnivores including people eat a combination of plants and other animals. For example, insects first eat plants, fish then eat the insects, frogs eat the fish, birds also eat the fish, and finally people are at the top eating fish, birds or other omnivores as links in the food chain.
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1) A food chain models the flow of energy from one living thing to the next as organisms consume each other. All food chains begin with producers, such as plants, that obtain energy from the sun.
2) If one organism in a food chain is removed, all other organisms in the chain are affected as the energy flow is disrupted.
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The document discusses the roles of organisms in ecosystems, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers such as plants make their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers obtain food by eating other organisms and can be primary, secondary, or tertiary consumers depending on what they consume. Decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down dead organic material and return nutrients to the soil. The document also defines food chains as simple representations of feeding relationships and food webs as more complex networks of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem.
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This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines producers as organisms that make their own food (like plants) and consumers as organisms that eat other organisms or their products (like herbivores, carnivores and omnivores). It provides examples of simple food chains and explains trophic levels involving primary and secondary consumers. The document also introduces the concepts of food webs, decomposers, and assigns students homework to construct their own food chains and food webs.
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This document defines key terms related to interactions between living things in an ecosystem, including food chains and webs, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, predators, prey, scavengers, and types of symbiotic relationships such as mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. It explains that a food chain tracks what eats what, food webs connect multiple food chains, and herbivores eat plants while carnivores eat other animals or omnivores eat both; predators hunt prey, and scavengers feed on dead animals. Symbiotic relationships can benefit both organisms, harm one organism, or benefit one without affecting the other.
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This document provides instructions for an activity to examine interrelationships among plants, animals, and their environment through investigating food webs. The activity will have students find that ecosystems contain multiple overlapping food chains that form food webs, discover that organisms can be both predators and prey, and write a paragraph describing how a food web works by explaining that some animals serve as both predators and prey.
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This document discusses the different types of food chains that exist in nature. It explains that a food chain shows the order in which animals eat plants or other animals. Herbivores only eat plants, carnivores eat meat including animals that eat plants, and omnivores eat both plants and animals. Many food chains begin with insects eating plants, which are then eaten by fish, frogs, and birds, and the chain continues with birds and animals eating the fish. One example food chain shown is plants, insects, fish, frog, bear, and people.
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All living things have three essential life processes: nutrition, which is the process of obtaining food and energy to grow; interaction, which involves moving, touching, or communicating with other living things; and reproduction, which is the ability to produce new living individuals of the same kind. The document provides definitions and examples of these three life processes that are common to all living things.
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This document defines a food chain as a hierarchical series of organisms with each dependent on the next as a food source. It states that humans are apex predators that kill and consume other organisms. The document then explains that consumers eat producers or other animals, with primary consumers eating producers, secondary consumers eating primary consumers, and so on up the chain. It notes that every plant and animal is part of one or more food chains and that energy is transferred between organisms as food, representing the circle of life.
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This document discusses the three main life processes in people: nutrition, interaction, and reproduction. It notes that through nutrition, people need to eat a regular diet and have regular meals to get energy to grow, work and play. For interaction, it lists three ways people interact as talking, playing, working, or helping each other. Finally, it confirms that people can reproduce and have babies.
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This document summarizes a research project studying bee-eater colonies along the Fluvià river in Spain. The goals of the project were to study the bee-eater colonies in the area, learn about their ethology and taxonomy, and compare observations to existing theories. Fieldwork data was organized in Excel sheets. Key findings included differentiating males and females based on wing and eye markings, noting bee-eaters adapt well to human presence where there is an abundance of insects to feed their young. Dragonflies made up 70% of their diet, followed by bees at 20% and other insects at 10%. The project concluded bee-eaters have high reproduction rates along the clean water of the Fluvià river.
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There are three types of living things: humans, animals, and plants. Humans, animals, and plants are considered living things because they can grow, change, reproduce and breathe or move. Humans grow and change over time, from small to bigger and thin to fat. Animals grow and change similarly to humans from babies to adults over time.
Drastic Population Change
In a food pyramid, the most energy is available at the bottom, originally coming from the sun in the forms of solar and thermal energy. Primary consumers cannot use this energy directly and instead rely on chemical energy from plants. When we say 90% of energy is lost between trophic levels, this refers to the energy becoming unavailable in usable forms, instead being lost as thermal energy.
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Animals get the energy they need to live from eating plants as herbivores, eating other animals as carnivores, or eating both plants and animals as omnivores. Food webs show what eats what in an ecosystem, with green plants as producers at the bottom and apex predators at the top that are prey to no other animal. Nearly all animals are consumers that get energy by consuming plants or other animals.
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The document discusses food webs and their complexity. It notes that food chains oversimplify predator-prey relationships, as most organisms have multiple prey and predator species. A food web shows the multiple interconnected food chains within an ecological community. Some food webs, called grazing webs, begin with plants, while others called detrital webs begin with dead organic matter. There is often overlap between grazing and detrital webs. The stability of food webs depends on the number of species and links between them - webs with more complexity are less vulnerable to collapse from the removal of one species. Keystone species that greatly impact community structure if removed.
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food chains and food webs
1) A food chain models the flow of energy from one living thing to the next as organisms consume each other. All food chains begin with producers, such as plants, that obtain energy from the sun.
2) If one organism in a food chain is removed, all other organisms in the chain are affected as the energy flow is disrupted.
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Food Chains And Food Webs
Food chains and food webs describe how energy moves through an ecosystem. A food chain represents a single path of energy transfer between organisms, such as from berries to rabbits to foxes. A food web shows multiple interconnected food chains and demonstrates that most organisms obtain energy from many different sources. Producers, like plants, capture energy from the sun to start the process, while consumers obtain energy by eating other organisms, and decomposers break down waste to recycle nutrients and energy back into the system.
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The document discusses food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from producers, like plants, through consumers at different trophic levels, and explains the key levels as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are described as interconnected food chains that form a network of feeding relationships between species. Ecological pyramids illustrate the structure of ecosystems by depicting the numbers, biomass, or productivity at each trophic level, with producers at the base and top predators at the apex. Disturbances like bioaccumulation and biomagnification of chemicals can disrupt ecosystem balance.
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Food chains show how organisms within an ecosystem rely on each other for energy and nutrients. Plants are producers as they produce their own food through photosynthesis. Herbivores consume plants and carnivores consume herbivores or other carnivores. Lions are an example of an apex predator, occupying the top of some terrestrial food chains, as no other animals prey on them. Disruptions anywhere in a food chain can impact the entire ecosystem.
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Food chains show the transfer of energy from producers to consumers in an ecosystem. Producers, like plants, use sunlight to photosynthesize and produce food. Herbivores then eat the producers, and carnivores eat the herbivores, passing the energy from one organism to the next up the chain. If the producer or any organism in the chain is removed, it disrupts the entire food chain and can cause population declines or extinctions throughout the ecosystem. Humans can negatively impact food chains through activities like pollution, habitat destruction, and overhunting or overfishing. Maintaining healthy food chains is important for balancing populations and preserving biodiversity.
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This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines a food chain as a linear sequence showing how nutrients and energy are transferred between organisms, beginning with producers and ending with decomposers. Food chains can be grazing chains that start with plants or detritus chains that start with dead organic material. Multiple interconnected food chains form a more complex food web. The food web shows a more accurate representation of the flow of energy between trophic levels in an ecosystem.
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Carnivores obtain food by killing and eating other animals and require many calories, so individual carnivores must eat many other animals over the course of a year. Herbivores only eat plants and have specialized digestive systems to digest various plant materials. Omnivores eat both plants and other animals or animal products like eggs. A food chain shows a single path of energy transfer between organisms in an ecosystem from producers to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. A food web depicts the complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
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Food chains follow a single path of energy as organisms eat each other, starting with producers like grass and ending with top predators such as hawks. Food webs show how multiple interconnected food chains link all plants and animals in an ecosystem, allowing energy to flow through different pathways and helping everything survive. While food chains only follow one route, food webs connect several chains so that organisms like hawks may eat various prey and snakes can consume beetles, mice, or other animals.
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The food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy are transferred from one organism to another as they are consumed. It begins with producer organisms like plants, then primary and secondary consumers that eat the producers, and ends with decomposer organisms like bacteria that break down waste. A food chain explains the feeding relationships between organisms at different trophic levels in an ecosystem. Multiple interconnected food chains form a more complex food web that better represents the flow of energy and interactions between species in an environment.
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Here are 3 potential impacts if grasshoppers disappeared from the area:
1. The vole population would decrease. Without grasshoppers as a food source, voles would have less available food and their population would decline over time.
2. The frog and snake populations would decrease. With fewer voles due to the lack of grasshoppers, the frog and snake populations that rely on voles as a food source would have reduced availability of prey. Their numbers would fall as a result.
3. Other animals higher up in the food chain like hawks and owls would be indirectly impacted. With declining frog and snake populations due to fewer voles, these top predators would have reduced populations of smaller animals to prey
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The document discusses the four main systems that make up Earth: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. It focuses on explaining the biosphere and related concepts like ecology, biotic and abiotic factors, food chains, and food webs. The biosphere is made up of all living things that interact with each other and non-living things. Energy from the sun is passed between organisms through food, starting with producers and moving up through herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. Food chains connect to form more complex food webs in ecosystems.
CHMSC Lab. Sch. Sci. 6 Food Chain
The document discusses food chains and the different types of organisms within them. It explains that food chains begin with producers, which are plants that can produce their own food through photosynthesis. Producers are then eaten by consumers like herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. Consumers can be primary or secondary depending on their place in the food chain. Scavengers feed on dead organisms, and decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down tissues of dead organisms.
Biogeography- food chain and foo web
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It begins by defining a food chain as a sequence of organisms where each uses the next lower member as a food source. Food chains were first introduced in the 9th century and later popularized in a 1927 book. A food chain shows how energy passes from producers like plants through herbivores and then carnivores. Many interconnected food chains make up a food web. A food web representation shows all possible feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Whether a food chain or food web, the survival of plants and animals depends on their interdependence with each other.
Dondoyano, glemefer
The food chain shows how organisms transfer energy by consuming other organisms. Producers like plants use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into chemical energy. Primary consumers eat producers, secondary consumers eat primary consumers, and tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers. All organisms eventually die and are decomposed by decomposers, recycling nutrients and completing the food chain. Disruptions to the food chain can impact populations if a food source disappears due to overhunting or overfishing.
Feeding
The document discusses feeding relationships and food chains. It explains that all food chains start with energy from the sun which is transferred to plants through photosynthesis. Plants are called producers. Primary consumers, like rabbits and aphids, eat the plants and pass the energy to secondary consumers like foxes and ladybirds that prey on the primary consumers. A food web shows the complex interconnected feeding relationships between different species in an ecosystem. When a species is removed, it impacts the populations of the other connected species in the food web.
Food chain
This document provides information about food chains. It begins by defining a food chain as a sequence of organisms through which energy flows as each organism obtains energy from the one below it in the chain. Producers, such as plants, are at the bottom of the food chain as they can produce their own food. Herbivores, as primary consumers, eat the producers. Carnivores eat herbivores or other carnivores. Omnivores both eat plants and other animals. Decomposers, like fungi and bacteria, break down waste and dead organisms, recycling nutrients in the ecosystem. The document includes examples of food chains and defines the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers. It also
Interdependence in living beings.pptx
A food chain refers to the transfer of energy from one organism to another as each organism eats and is eaten. It typically involves producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers. Producers, like plants, get their energy from the sun. Primary consumers eat producers, secondary consumers eat primary consumers, and tertiary consumers are apex predators that eat secondary consumers. Decomposers break down dead organisms and waste to recycle nutrients back into the system.
8084_Ecosystem.ppt
The document defines ecosystems as consisting of all the living and nonliving things in an environment that interact with each other. It explains that living things need habitats to meet their basic needs like food, water, and shelter. An ecosystem contains various populations of organisms that make up communities living in the same place. Food chains show the transfer of energy as plants are eaten by primary consumers, and then by secondary consumers. A food web depicts the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
Food and energy in the environment
This document discusses how organisms obtain energy and their roles in ecosystems. Producers, like plants, generate their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers, such as herbivores, carnivores and omnivores, obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers. Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, break down dead organisms and cycle nutrients back into the environment. Food chains and webs represent the transfer of energy as organisms consume other organisms. Producers are the first level, while consumers and decomposers occupy higher levels, with less available energy at each step.
Kilapio, john darius
The document describes the food chain and the different levels within it. Producers, like plants, use sunlight to produce their own food. Consumers, including primary, secondary and tertiary consumers eat other organisms for food and move energy through the chain. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and release nutrients back into the system.
Food Chains and Food Webs Handout.pdf for grade 6 and 7
1. Food chains and food webs show how energy flows through an ecosystem. A food chain traces energy between organisms as they eat each other, while a food web shows how multiple food chains interconnect.
2. A food chain has producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers like plants get energy from the sun. Consumers like herbivores eat plants, and carnivores eat other animals. Decomposers break down dead organisms.
3. A food web is more complex than a food chain as it shows multiple organisms feeding on the same producers, and how top carnivores have different food sources.
Food chains and food webs
A food chain shows direct feeding relationships between plants and animals, beginning with a plant and ending with an animal. A food web depicts the interconnected food chains within an ecosystem, showing the relationships between producers like plants, primary consumers like herbivores, secondary consumers like carnivores, and tertiary consumers at the top of the food chain. The document defines key terms like producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, omnivores, and tertiary consumers to explain trophic levels and energy transfer through food chains and webs.
Ecology
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer. There are three main types of feeding relationships: producer-consumer, predator-prey, and parasite-host. Producers, like plants, make their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers eat other organisms for energy and include both predators that hunt prey and animals that eat plants or other animals. A food chain shows what organisms eat in a linear feeding order starting with producers, while a food web depicts the complex and interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
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Food Chains and Food Webs Handout.pdf for grade 6 and 7
Food Chains and Food Webs Handout.pdf for grade 6 and 7
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3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
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Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
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如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
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Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingMicronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
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When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
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Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
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mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
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Food webs
- 1. FOOD WEBS L.O: LEARN WHAT FOOD CHAINS ARE
- 2. INTRODUCTION TO FOOD CHAINS • All living things need food for survival. • A food chain shows how plants, animals and humans rely on each other for food.
- 3. ANIMALS AND PLANTS ARE LINKED BY FOOD CHAINS Animals get energy and nutrients by eating other animals or plants. For example • caterpillars eat leaves • mice eat caterpillars • owls eat mice
- 4. LINKS BETWEEN FOOD CHAINS These links between animals and plants are called food chains. The arrow means 'is eaten by'. Nearly all food chains start with a green plant. Most animals and plants are part of more than one food chain.
- 5. HOW AN ANIMALS EXTINCTION AFFECT OTHER IN THE FOOD CHAIN If one part of a food chain alters, the whole food chain is affected. For example, if a disease suddenly wiped out caterpillars, it would affect mice, owls and many other animals.
- 6. CONSUMERS Animals are called consumers because they eat other plants and animals.
- 7. PRODUCERS Plants are called producers because they make their own food. They are at the start of a food chain. Plants get their energy from the Sun.
- 8. PREY AND PREDATORS A predator is an animal that eats other animals. The animals that predators eat are called prey. Predators are found at the end of a food chain.