foedumed:Computer platforms 10_16
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The document discusses the early history and development of computer graphics software. It describes how the 1984 introduction of the Apple Macintosh and its MacPaint software, which allowed users to manipulate shapes and lines, helped establish the Macintosh as a tool for graphics. It also discusses how Microsoft Windows later brought similar capabilities to IBM PCs, expanding that market. Another important platform discussed is specialized high-performance workstations used for graphics.
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After the computing industry got started, a new problem quickly emerged. How do you operate this machines and how to you program them. The development of operating systems was relatively slow compared to the advances in hardware. First system were primitive but slowly got better as demand for computing power increased. The ideas of the Graphical User Interfaces or GUI (Gooey) go back to Doug Engelbarts Demo of the Century. However, this did not have much impact on the computer industry. One company though, Xerox, a photocopy company explored these ideas with Palo Alto Park. Steve Jobs of Apple and Bill Gates of Microsoft took notice and Apple introduced first Apple Lisa and the Macintosh.
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The seven generations of computers are divided on the basis of computer development:
A. First Generation of Computer (1946–1953)-
The first generation period dates back to 1937–1953. Two great scientists created the world's first and largest ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) computer. It was a Fully Electronic Digital Computer. This is where the first computer generation began.
But Vacuum tube was used for memory in computers of this generation.
Due to the Vacuum Tube, these computers were larger in size, limited memory and consumed more power. These computers used to generate large amounts of heat.
Features of first-generation computers:
1. Manufactured by Vacuum tube
2. Use of machine language
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The document provides a history of key developments in microcomputers from 1965 to 1992. It describes early home computers like the Kitchen Computer in 1965 and the development of important technologies like microprocessors in the 1970s. Major events included the introduction of the Altair 880 in 1975, generally considered the first personal computer, and the Apple I and II in 1976-1977. The document traces the evolution of hardware, software, operating systems and networking through the 1980s and early 1990s, including the introduction of Windows and the World Wide Web.
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This document discusses the social impact of computers. It notes that while computer professionals agree computers significantly impact society, there is less agreement on why. Traditionally, courses focus on how computers impact categories like privacy, medicine, the military, and provide examples of computer abuse. The document then lists some of the major ways computers socially impact society, such as ubiquity due to devices like watches and microwaves, magnification of information availability, accessibility of online information, cybercrime like fraud, and the need to raise awareness of cyber threats. It concludes that computers play an important modern role but also create uncertainties, as computing issues are widespread but individuals can neither reduce nor live without them.
foedumed 37_16 Computing issues that affect the society
This document discusses the social impact of computers. It notes that while computer professionals agree computers significantly impact society, there is less agreement on why. Traditionally, courses focus on how computers impact categories like privacy, medicine, the military, and provide examples of computer abuse. The document then lists some of the major ways computers socially impact society, such as ubiquity due to devices like watches and microwaves, magnification of information availability, accessibility of online information, cybercrime like fraud, and the need to raise awareness of cyber threats. It concludes that computers play an important modern role but also create uncertainties, as computing issues are widespread but individuals cannot avoid or alone address the problems.
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Likhita
1987 saw major developments in the personal computing industry with new products from Apple, IBM, and other companies. Apple released the Macintosh SE and Macintosh II, while IBM introduced their new PS/2 line of computers powered by Intel chips. Meanwhile, Microsoft expanded its influence by developing the OS/2 operating system for IBM and retaining dominance in software with products like Word and Excel. The year also saw growth in the workstation and supercomputer markets with new products and reduced prices.
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The document provides a history of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to modern computers. It describes inventions like the Pascaline adding machine in 1642, Charles Babbage's analytical engine in 1833, Howard Aiken's Mark 1 in 1944, the ENIAC in 1946, the first transistor in 1948, the Altair kit computer in 1975, the IBM PC in 1981, and the Macintosh in 1984. It also provides overviews of different types of computers including PCs, workstations, mini computers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The document outlines the basic functions and advantages of computers as well as some disadvantages.
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The document provides a timeline of major technological inventions and developments between 1981 and 1990. Some of the key events included the invention of the IBM PC in 1981, the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, the genetic engineering of human growth hormone in 1982, the invention of the Apple Lisa in 1983, the invention of the Apple Macintosh in 1984, the development of the Windows operating system by Microsoft in 1985, the invention of synthetic skin in 1986, the invention of disposable contact lenses in 1987, the development of digital cellular phones in 1988, the invention of high-definition television in 1989, and the creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990.
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After the computing industry got started, a new problem quickly emerged. How do you operate this machines and how to you program them. The development of operating systems was relatively slow compared to the advances in hardware. First system were primitive but slowly got better as demand for computing power incresed. The ideas of the Graphical User Interfaces or GUI (Gooey) go back to Doug Engelbarts Demo of the Century. However, this did not have much impact on the computer industry. One company though, Xerox, a photocopy company explored these ideas with Palo Alto Park. Steve Jobs of Apple and Bill Gates of Microsoft took notice and Apple introduced first Apple Lisa and the Macintosh. In this lecture on we look so lessons for the development of software, and see how our business theories apply.
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The document summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1951 to the present and future fifth generation. It describes the key technological developments across generations including the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits and microprocessors. Each generation brought increases in speed, reliability and decreases in size and power consumption. Applications expanded from scientific to business and personal use with the development of programming languages, operating systems, software and declining costs. The fifth generation may include intelligent systems using parallel processing, expert systems and natural language interfaces.
Operating System
The document discusses operating systems, describing them as the most important programs that run on computers and allow them to run other programs. It outlines the major functions of operating systems like process management, resource management, file management, and security management. It then describes some common operating systems like Mac OS, Linux, Ubuntu, UNIX, and RTOS. Finally, it provides a brief history of operating systems from the 1950s to today, highlighting early systems like GM-NAA I/O, MCP, DOS/360, CP/M, and modern systems like Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
L17 Algorithms and AI
After the computing industry got started, a new problem quickly emerged. How do you operate this machines and how to you program them. The development of operating systems was relatively slow compared to the advances in hardware. First system were primitive but slowly got better as demand for computing power increased. The ideas of the Graphical User Interfaces or GUI (Gooey) go back to Doug Engelbarts Demo of the Century. However, this did not have much impact on the computer industry. One company though, Xerox, a photocopy company explored these ideas with Palo Alto Park. Steve Jobs of Apple and Bill Gates of Microsoft took notice and Apple introduced first Apple Lisa and the Macintosh. In this lecture on we look so lessons for the development of software, and see how our business theories apply.
In this lecture on we look so lessons for the development of algorithms or software, and see how our business theories apply.
In the second part we look at where software is going, namely Artificial Intelligence. Resent developments in AI are causing an AI boom and new AI application are coming all the time. We look at machine learning and deep learning to get an understanding of the current trends.
A seminar report on Raspberry Pi
Seminar report on Raspberry Pi, submitted in SEMINAR subject of GTU Gujarat Technological University by Nipun Parikh from Bhagwan Mahavir College of Engineering & Technology
Operating systems
The document discusses operating systems, providing a brief history and overview of key concepts. It describes how operating systems manage computer resources and enable application programs to function. Early computers did not have operating systems, while modern operating systems evolved in complexity throughout the 1960s. The document outlines several major operating systems including UNIX, Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Android, and iOS, and notes how operating systems will continue to rapidly evolve in the future.
Generations of Computer.pdf
Generations of Computer
We call the development of computers at different stages of Generations of Computer. The development of computers has been going on for many years and is still going on today.
The seven generations of computers are divided on the basis of computer development:
A. First Generation of Computer (1946–1953)-
The first generation period dates back to 1937–1953. Two great scientists created the world's first and largest ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) computer. It was a Fully Electronic Digital Computer. This is where the first computer generation began.
But Vacuum tube was used for memory in computers of this generation.
Due to the Vacuum Tube, these computers were larger in size, limited memory and consumed more power. These computers used to generate large amounts of heat.
Features of first-generation computers:
1. Manufactured by Vacuum tube
2. Use of machine language
3. more expensive
4. too big in size
5. Overweight and slow motion
6. AC required
7. Use of large amounts of electricity
8. Use of punch card and magnetic tape for input and output
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The document classifies computers based on their mode of use and architecture. It discusses palms, laptops, desktop PCs, workstations, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Key points include: palms are small, portable computers operated via touchscreen; laptops are portable but larger than palms; desktop PCs are the most popular type of computer; workstations are more powerful desktops used for intensive tasks; servers are optimized for specific functions like storage or printing; mainframes are large, powerful computers used by large organizations; and supercomputers are the fastest computers capable of intensive calculations.
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This document provides an overview of computer hardware and software concepts. It begins with a history of computers from early mechanical calculators to modern personal computers. It then discusses the types of computers including personal computers, workstations, mini-computers, mainframes, cloud computing, and supercomputers. The document defines hardware and software and describes the main components of computer hardware including input devices, output devices, and the central processing unit. It provides details on microprocessors, memory, and storage devices.
Appendix a web
The document provides a history of key developments in microcomputers from 1965 to 1992. It describes early home computers like the Kitchen Computer in 1965 and the development of important technologies like the microprocessor in 1971. Major events include the introduction of the Altair 880 in 1975, generally considered the first personal computer, the launch of the Apple I and II in 1976-1977, and the IBM PC in 1981 which helped drive mass adoption. The document outlines the creation of important software like VisiCalc and WordStar in the late 1970s and covers the rise of the GUI with the Apple Lisa and Macintosh in the 1980s. It chronicles advances in processors, networking, and other technologies that fueled the growth of personal computing
Appendix a web2
The document provides a history of key developments in microcomputers from 1965 to 1992. It describes early home computers like the Kitchen Computer in 1965 and the development of important technologies like microprocessors in the 1970s. Major events included the introduction of the Altair 880 in 1975, generally considered the first personal computer, and the Apple I and II in 1976-1977. The document traces the evolution of hardware, software, operating systems and networking through the 1980s and early 1990s, including the introduction of Windows and the World Wide Web.
20 computer technologies from the 1990s that are still used today
20 computer technologies from the 1990s that are still used today - This is a list of the 20 tech products from the nineties that have had the most after-lasting impact in our digital connected lives of today. Probably the 1990s were also one of the most creative and defining decades for the computer industry where some of the fundamental tech still used today was defined.
Raspberry pi on seminar documentation
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Computer Timeline - Year when it was introducepptx
The document provides an overview of the evolution of computers from 1980 to 2020, highlighting several important developments each year:
- In 1980, the Commodore VIC-20 became the first computer to sell over 1 million units. The ZX80 was also introduced as a small and affordable home computer in the UK.
- In 1981, the BBC aired its Computer Literacy Project to educate the public about computers using the new BBC Microcomputer. Apollo Computer unveiled the first workstation based on the 68000 chip with networking. IBM launched the original PC, igniting growth of the personal computer market.
- In 1982, Commodore launched the highly successful Commodore 64 home computer. Over 22 million units were eventually
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20 computer technologies from the 1990s that are still used today
20 computer technologies from the 1990s that are still used today
Computer Timeline - Year when it was introducepptx
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foedumed 37_16 Computing issues that affect the society
This document discusses the social impact of computers. It notes that while computer professionals agree computers significantly impact society, there is less agreement on why. Traditionally, courses focus on how computers impact categories like privacy, medicine, the military, and provide examples of computer abuse. The document then lists some of the major ways computers socially impact society, such as ubiquity due to devices like watches and microwaves, magnification of information availability, accessibility of online information, cybercrime like fraud, and the need to raise awareness of cyber threats. It concludes that computers play an important modern role but also create uncertainties, as computing issues are widespread but individuals can neither reduce nor live without them.
foedumed 37_16 Computing issues that affect the society
This document discusses the social impact of computers. It notes that while computer professionals agree computers significantly impact society, there is less agreement on why. Traditionally, courses focus on how computers impact categories like privacy, medicine, the military, and provide examples of computer abuse. The document then lists some of the major ways computers socially impact society, such as ubiquity due to devices like watches and microwaves, magnification of information availability, accessibility of online information, cybercrime like fraud, and the need to raise awareness of cyber threats. It concludes that computers play an important modern role but also create uncertainties, as computing issues are widespread but individuals cannot avoid or alone address the problems.
foedumed:Parts of computer system 29_16
The document discusses the main parts of a computer system including the monitor, CPU, keyboard, and mouse. It provides details on each component:
- The monitor displays video and graphics generated by the computer. There are different types of monitors including CRT, LCD, plasma.
- The CPU, or central processing unit, is the brain of the computer where most calculations take place. The main parts of the CPU are the ALU, CU, and MU which handle arithmetic, controlling functions, and storing data.
- A mouse is a pointing device that allows users to select items on the screen. Mice can be mechanical, optomechanical, or optical and connect via serial, PS/2, or
foedumed:Hardware and Sowftware 40_16
This document defines hardware and software, describes categories of each, and provides examples of common hardware and software components. It defines hardware as physical computer components like keyboards and monitors, and software as programs that operate computers. The document categorizes hardware into input, output, storage, processing, and connection devices. It describes two main types of software: application software for specific tasks, and system software like operating systems that support applications and hardware. Finally, it provides examples of common hardware components, like printers and disk drives, and software, like operating systems and web browsers.
foedumed:Computer graphics 11_16
Computer graphics are pictures and movies created using computers, usually referring to image data generated with graphical hardware and software. Graphics are used to inform, illustrate, and entertain, and include representations of data. There are two main types: two-dimensional graphics like digital images and pixel art; and three-dimensional graphics that use 3D representations stored in computers. Computer graphics have many applications including television, newspapers, and medical imaging. Graphics software enables manipulating visual images on a computer and includes programs for animation, modeling, and photo editing.
foredumed:Smart board tastersession_m-ed 07_16
The document discusses the features and capabilities of an interactive whiteboard system called a SMART Board. It notes that the SMART Board allows users to project images and write or draw directly on the board using digital pens. It functions both as a monitor and input device. The document outlines the pens, eraser, and software tools included with the SMART Board and how instructors can use the board in conjunction with other programs like PowerPoint to create interactive lessons.
foedumed:learning with technologies 12_16
Name: hussun Darya Shah
Roll no: 2k16/MEDMS/12
Submitted To: Sir Kamran Abbasi
The document discusses technology in education. It defines learning as gaining knowledge through study or experience, and technology as the purposeful application of technical means. It then provides examples of how different technologies like online collaboration tools, presentation software, tablets, course management tools, clickers, lecture capture, e-learning, smart boards, and projectors can help teaching and learning by allowing new activities and sharing of resources. Blended learning is also discussed as using both online and in-person learning experiences.
foedumed:History of computer 17_16
The document summarizes the history of computing from early abacus devices through five generations of computers. It notes that the abacus was an early mathematical aid used in 300 BC China. In the 1600s, Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz built early mechanical calculators. The first generation of computers in the 1940s-1950s used vacuum tubes and were unreliable, costly, and produced a lot of heat. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits to make computers faster, smaller, and cheaper to maintain. The fourth generation saw the rise of personal computers and use of VLSI chips. The fifth generation aims to develop true artificial intelligence through techniques like
foedumed:Computer animations 44_16
Computer animations were presented by Ana Hameed. Animation is the process of displaying still images in rapid sequence to create the illusion of movement. There are several techniques used to create animation, including traditional animation where hand-drawn images are photographed and combined, stop motion animation where physical objects are manipulated and photographed frame by frame, and computer animation where digital techniques are used to generate animated sequences. Traditional animation can involve full animation with detailed drawings or limited animation with partial redrawing between frames. Computer animation allows for realistic 3D animated worlds and interactions.
foedumed:Applications of computer 05-16
An electronic machine that makes daily life easier and faster. It is used in many fields like education, business, entertainment and engineering. In education, computers allow teachers to give interesting presentations and show educational videos and games to students. They also allow teachers and students to create and store documents, use the internet for learning, and give presentations. In business, computers are used for advertising, websites, financial systems, and presenting business projects. They are also used for creating movies and video games in entertainment, and designing models in engineering.
foedumed:Computer application[1] 20_16
Computers have many applications in education including storing and organizing information, performing calculations, and controlling other machines. They allow large amounts of data to be stored with little chance of error and enable quick processing. Computers provide audio-visual aids for teaching, better presentation of information, access to the internet for students and teachers, and improved communication. Presentation software and animation make even uninteresting lessons more engaging. Overall, computers have had a profound impact on education by making imparting and accessing information easier and more enriching.
foedumed:types of graphic files 02_16
There are several main types of graphics file formats. Bitmap formats store exact pixel data that maps to an output device's display surface. Vector formats contain mathematical descriptions of lines and shapes rather than pixel values. Metafile formats can contain both bitmap and vector data, and provide languages to define graphic elements that can be transferred between platforms. Scene formats contain instructions for rendering programs to construct images from portions defined in vector files. Multimedia formats allow different data types like graphics, audio and video to be stored together.
foedumed:Information technology and educational change 14_16
Information technology refers to the use of computers, storage, networking and other devices to process and exchange electronic data. New technologies are challenging traditional education models by providing massive amounts of information through the internet and opportunities for online and collaborative learning. Technology has begun to change the roles of teachers and students, and can be used as a powerful tool to support and transform education in many ways, such as enabling anytime and anywhere learning, collaborative learning approaches, and access to up-to-date information and online libraries. When used effectively, information technology allows for educational data storage, distance education, improved access for students with disabilities, and more efficient use of teachers' time.
foedumed:curriculum development and educational technology 16_16
The document discusses curriculum development and educational technology. It defines curriculum development as a cyclic process of planning, developing, implementing, and evaluating a curriculum. This ensures the curriculum remains relevant and improves based on evaluation results. Educational technology refers to using tools and systems to support learning and teaching, including computer-based education, learning management systems, and using technology to demonstrate topics. The key aspects of curriculum development are designing, constructing, implementing, and evaluating the curriculum in a purposeful and systematic manner.
foedumed:The power of technology 21_16
The presentation discusses the power of technology in education. It argues that teachers should use technology in the classroom because it can reach students with different learning styles and increase student interest and motivation. When teachers incorporate technology into their lessons, it better prepares students for the future and allows students' educational experiences to meet the needs of a global market. The presentation concludes that technology has been shown to have significant positive effects on student achievement in all subjects and can improve student attitudes towards learning.
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this file contains the definition of 3d modeling, its types, its merits and demerits and software name which is used to create 3D model
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foedumed:Computer platforms 10_16
- 2. Farzana panhwar Roll # 2K16/MEDMS/10. Submitted to: Sir Kamran. 2
- 3. In 1984, the Apple Macintosh Computer was introduced with a software known as MacPaint. 3
- 4. It is a pointing device and a black-and- white monitor that displayed images just for print. It allowed users to manipulate shapes, lines, and patterns with great flexibility. 4
- 5. Within few years, the graphics world had embraced the Macintosh as a serious production tool. For the solve this problem another powerful graphics software was introduced that is Postscript page, which enable accurate printing of complex images. 5
- 6. In the late 1980’s, Microsoft’s Windows brought many of the same capabilities to IBM PCs and compatibles, greatly expanding that market for graphics software. Now PCs have relative parity with Macintosh system in the area of graphic software. 6
- 7. Another important platform for computer graphics is known as workstations. These specialized single-user computers possess extremely powerful and fast CPUs, large capacity hard disks, high resolution displays, and lot of RAM. 7
- 8. There are two popular model of workstations are; i. The Sun SPARCstation. ii. The Silicon Graphics Indigo2. 8
- 9. 9