Helionomics: Utility-Scale PV Plants in Italy: A Sustainable Way Towards Low Price Electricity?
Demonstration of the possibility to get definitely low cost electricity by means of utility scale photovoltaic installations due to their intrinsic value (from reduction of peak power cost) and the huge reduction of components' and turn-key costs.
Presented at the SuNEC 2011 Conference near Palermo, Italy:
www.solar-conference.eu
Photovoltaic Review -Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy System ISE Ashish Verma
It give the wide spectrum of Solar PV market, Technology share ,Installed capacity in various region ,material per Wp cost ,Inverter Cost and many more information about Solar PV industry .
Feed-in tariffs: The legislative challenges for promoting sustainable inves...Atanas Georgiev
"The challenge for Europe is to enable market actors to drive down the costs of renewable energy through improved research, industrialisation of the supply chain and more efficient policies and support schemes. This could require greater convergence in support schemes and greater responsibilities for system costs among producers."
(from Energy Roadmap 2050, December 2011)
Photovoltaic Review -Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy System ISE Ashish Verma
It give the wide spectrum of Solar PV market, Technology share ,Installed capacity in various region ,material per Wp cost ,Inverter Cost and many more information about Solar PV industry .
Feed-in tariffs: The legislative challenges for promoting sustainable inves...Atanas Georgiev
"The challenge for Europe is to enable market actors to drive down the costs of renewable energy through improved research, industrialisation of the supply chain and more efficient policies and support schemes. This could require greater convergence in support schemes and greater responsibilities for system costs among producers."
(from Energy Roadmap 2050, December 2011)
GRID FLEXIBILITY: an antidote to relieve pain in a changing energy systemIRIS Smart Cities
While creating the sustainable energy system some changes required will be so drastic they will lead to situations where the existing rules and system control will become insufficient
- the system will experience ‘pain’
This presentation provides insights into the DSO’s position in the future electricity system
Polish renewable energy investment landscape ´2015 - the on-going and new leg...László Árvai
Directive 2009/28/EC of The European Parlilament and The Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
1.The Energy Law Act of 10 April 1997 (Journal of Laws 2012 No. 1059, as amended); the „prosumer’s amendment” of July 2013
2.The Regulation (decree) of the Minister of Economy of 4 May 2007 on detailed conditions for electricity system functioning (Journal of Laws No. 93, item 623, as amended)
3.The Renewable Energy Act of 20 February 2015 (Journal of Laws item 478) (adopted by the Parliament on 20 February 2015 and signed by the President on 11 March 2015)
Most people are familiar with the phenomenom solar energy in its quality of generating electrical power. Solar electricity may be applied in multiple tools serving a variety of functions. Well-known examples are the pocket calculators powered by a PV-cells and off-grid street lighting and emergency telephones along the highway powered by one or more PV-modules.
Solar energy became known to the ordinary people in the fifties and sixties of last century due to space programs of the Americans, Russians and to a lesser extent other European countries. Satelites and space capsules were installed with solar cells for power supply of its electrical systems. From that time the application of PV moved slowly from extraterrestrial use to terrestrial application. First and also most widespread applied are the off-grid domestic and non-domestic PV systems. Off-grid domestic PV-systems are installed in households and villages not connected to the utility grid. Usually, a means to store electricity is used, most commonly in combination with a lead-acid battery. Off-grid non-domestic PV serves a variety of applications such as water pumping, remote communications, safety and protection devices etc, at locations without the presence of public grid.
Following off-grid PV application, also as a result of the growing attention for renewable energy, from early eighties of last century a tendency could be observed to connect PV systems also to the public grid. Also the field of application moved from undeveloped and rural areas to well developed urban areas equipped with finely meshed public grid..
This webinar gives an overview on PV-systems connected to the public grid.
Can Balkan authorities afford to subsidise renewable energy?Atanas Georgiev
In 2009, 62% of newly installed electricity generation capacity in the EU was from renewable sources, mainly wind and solar (a total of 17 GW). Wind-focused companies experienced more challenging environment; solar- focused companies appear to have turned the corner.
Quantitive Approaches and venues for Energy Trading & Risk ManagementManuele Monti
A presentation on Quantitative developments for the energy industry, comprising of two business cases in Renewable Energy and Power Asset Modelling and Optimization
ICIS webinar - Price sensitivity analysis with neural networksICIS
The power markets are full of what if’s. The impact of renewable generation on spot power prices has naturally generated a great deal of volatility in the markets. Inputs and assumptions such as power demand, changing weather forecasts, and available capacities are just some of the key drivers that help predict the price of power. But what if there is more wind generation than expected? What happens if demand for power turns out to be stronger than anticipated?
While uncertainties in the market cannot be eliminated, they can be identified, quantified and their impact assessed on positions and portfolios. The goal of this webinar is to explain how Neural Networks power price models can help to assess the sensitivities that can impact spot prices in the German day ahead market and how you can use this to your advantage.
GRID FLEXIBILITY: an antidote to relieve pain in a changing energy systemIRIS Smart Cities
While creating the sustainable energy system some changes required will be so drastic they will lead to situations where the existing rules and system control will become insufficient
- the system will experience ‘pain’
This presentation provides insights into the DSO’s position in the future electricity system
Polish renewable energy investment landscape ´2015 - the on-going and new leg...László Árvai
Directive 2009/28/EC of The European Parlilament and The Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
1.The Energy Law Act of 10 April 1997 (Journal of Laws 2012 No. 1059, as amended); the „prosumer’s amendment” of July 2013
2.The Regulation (decree) of the Minister of Economy of 4 May 2007 on detailed conditions for electricity system functioning (Journal of Laws No. 93, item 623, as amended)
3.The Renewable Energy Act of 20 February 2015 (Journal of Laws item 478) (adopted by the Parliament on 20 February 2015 and signed by the President on 11 March 2015)
Most people are familiar with the phenomenom solar energy in its quality of generating electrical power. Solar electricity may be applied in multiple tools serving a variety of functions. Well-known examples are the pocket calculators powered by a PV-cells and off-grid street lighting and emergency telephones along the highway powered by one or more PV-modules.
Solar energy became known to the ordinary people in the fifties and sixties of last century due to space programs of the Americans, Russians and to a lesser extent other European countries. Satelites and space capsules were installed with solar cells for power supply of its electrical systems. From that time the application of PV moved slowly from extraterrestrial use to terrestrial application. First and also most widespread applied are the off-grid domestic and non-domestic PV systems. Off-grid domestic PV-systems are installed in households and villages not connected to the utility grid. Usually, a means to store electricity is used, most commonly in combination with a lead-acid battery. Off-grid non-domestic PV serves a variety of applications such as water pumping, remote communications, safety and protection devices etc, at locations without the presence of public grid.
Following off-grid PV application, also as a result of the growing attention for renewable energy, from early eighties of last century a tendency could be observed to connect PV systems also to the public grid. Also the field of application moved from undeveloped and rural areas to well developed urban areas equipped with finely meshed public grid..
This webinar gives an overview on PV-systems connected to the public grid.
Can Balkan authorities afford to subsidise renewable energy?Atanas Georgiev
In 2009, 62% of newly installed electricity generation capacity in the EU was from renewable sources, mainly wind and solar (a total of 17 GW). Wind-focused companies experienced more challenging environment; solar- focused companies appear to have turned the corner.
Quantitive Approaches and venues for Energy Trading & Risk ManagementManuele Monti
A presentation on Quantitative developments for the energy industry, comprising of two business cases in Renewable Energy and Power Asset Modelling and Optimization
ICIS webinar - Price sensitivity analysis with neural networksICIS
The power markets are full of what if’s. The impact of renewable generation on spot power prices has naturally generated a great deal of volatility in the markets. Inputs and assumptions such as power demand, changing weather forecasts, and available capacities are just some of the key drivers that help predict the price of power. But what if there is more wind generation than expected? What happens if demand for power turns out to be stronger than anticipated?
While uncertainties in the market cannot be eliminated, they can be identified, quantified and their impact assessed on positions and portfolios. The goal of this webinar is to explain how Neural Networks power price models can help to assess the sensitivities that can impact spot prices in the German day ahead market and how you can use this to your advantage.
UItgebreide reisplanning van onze reis van Jacksonville (FL) naar Chicago (IL) via Savannah, Charleston, de Blue Ridge mountains en de Smoky Mountains in mei 2009. De planning bevat veel links en informatie over bezienswaardigheden, maar is uiteraard afgestemd op onze reisperiode en onze interesses.
Presentazione della questione energetica: picco del petrolio e degli idrocarburi, energia nucleare e scarsità del materiale fissile, costo del kWh nucleare e fotovoltaico, grid parity del fotovoltaico: elementi tecnici di conoscenza per il referendum sul nucleare
Drivers and Barriers in the current CSP marketLeonardo ENERGY
This webinar will provide a general view of drivers and barriers for CSP development, with a particular focus on the structure of the CSP Value Chain. From a technical point of view, the main key performances will be reviewed for the different technologies.
Future Electricity Markets: key pillars with high shares of wind and PVLeonardo ENERGY
More and more countries world-wide are targeting high shares of wind and solar photovoltaics in their electricity mix. To integrate high shares of these variable renewable energy sources, the electricity system needs to become more flexible in order to balance supply and demand at all times. The webinar will discuss key design features of future electricity markets, including incentives for more flexible fossil-fuel based and renewable-based power generation, modifications to the design of electricity markets, incentives for more flexible demand, and storage options.
Future electricity markets: key pillars with high shares of wind and PVLeonardo ENERGY
This session is part of the Clean Energy Regulators Initiative Webinar Programme.
Theme 4 - Integration and Issues for Renewables
Module 3: Key pillars of electricity markets with high shares of wind and PV
More and more countries world-wide are targeting high shares of wind and solar photovoltaics in their electricity mix. To integrate high shares of these variable renewable energy sources, the electricity system needs to become more flexible in order to balance supply and demand at all times. The webinar will discuss key design features of future electricity markets, including incentives for more flexible fossil-fuel based and renewable-based power generation, modifications to the design of electricity markets, incentives for more flexible demand, and storage options.
Renewable Energy Technology Overview and Market Trends Mirzo Ibragimov
On 5-6 December, Tashkent hosted a workshop on renewable energy (RE) policy development jointly organized by the Government of Uzbekistan and the World Bank Group (WBG) in partnership with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The presentation was delivered during the above-mentioned event.
OERC Seminar April 2018 presented by Prof Ulrich Nissen
Professor of “Energy Management” and “Management Accounting” Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Moechengladbach, Germany
In many countries owners of renewable energy systems principally have to choices to take advantage out of the energy yields that are generated by them: They can either use the electricity by themselves (direct consumption) or feed it into the electricity grid. In former times – not very long time ago – direct consumption was not relevant for most owners as the feed-in tariffs were higher than the electricity cost per kWh. So, it was more profitable to feed the electricity into the grid. At that time investment appraisals for such systems were quite easy to set up because the required data was relatively easy to get: Capex, opex, annual energy yields, and the feed-in tariff.
This situation has – however – totally changed. Since in many countries the feed-in tariffs have dramatically declined (if there were any) and the electricity prices have risen, self consumption has become the first choice for the owners of renewable energy systems. And as the amount of energy that can be used for self consumption depends on the energy consumption behaviour (self consumption requires that there has to be a coincidence of the demand for electricity and the supply) this consumption behaviour has to be considered in the investment appraisal of such systems. In my presentation/seminar I would introduce the audience to the problem, would offer solutions and exemplify them by using practical examples.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: Passkeys at Amazon.pdf
F_Meneguzzo -SuNEC 2011 -Palermo Italy
1. FRANCESCO
MENEGUZZO
HELIONOMICS
Utility-Scale PV
Plants in Italy: A
Sustainable Way
Towards Low Price
Santa Flavia (PA) Electricity? July 7 th, 2011
4. WHAT I’M SPEAKING ABOUT…
UTILITY SCALE PV
ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION FROM SUN-TRACKING SYSTEMS
5. WHAT I’M SPEAKING ABOUT…
UTILITY SCALE PV
ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION FROM SUN-TRACKING SYSTEMS
6. WHAT I’M SPEAKING ABOUT…
UTILITY SCALE PV
ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION FROM SUN-TRACKING SYSTEMS
7. 1st QUESTION
How much is the energy topic urgent?
SHORT-TERM
ENERGY SECURITY
RISK
ITALY 13th out
171 Countries!!!
8. ITALY’S BAD POSITION
PIIGS
MOREOVER, ITALIAN ELECTRICITY GENERATION RELIES ON NATURAL GAS >60% !!!
9. 2nd QUESTION
Are EROEI constraints matched?
SOCIAL COMPLEXITY IS PROPORTIONAL TO
AVAILABLE NET ENERGY
• COMPLEXITY = EVERYTHING BEYOND PURE SURVIVAL
(social assistance, health care, education, infrastructures
maintenance, etc) equality and opportunities!
• AVAILABLE NET ENERGY: energy available after
extraction, transport, transformation and concentration
ENERGY COST:
PROPORTIONAL TO THE NET AVAILABLE FRACTION
10. • “QUALITY” OF FOSSIL SOURCES IS QUICKLY WORSENING
• SOLAR PV AND WIND POWER OK
• NUCLEAR NO - BIOMASSES NO (with exceptions)
40 YEARS PV
NO
OK
11. FOSSIL FUELS BAD FATE
PEAKS OF FOSSIL FUELS / AVAILABLE ENERGY PER CAPITA
13. 3rd QUESTION
Is PV energy manageable? (intermittency)
Recent IEA Report
"Harnessing Variable Renewables: a
Guide to the Balancing Challenge”
• Europe, present grid shape
• Intermittent (PV and Wind) power
manageable from 27% - Spain and
Portugal – up to 60% - Denmark
• Italy around 50% - far from such target!
15. 4th QUESTION
FUNDAMENTAL!!!
Is utility-scale sun-tracking PV
a low cost energy?
Basic derived questions:
A. How much can we pay such PV electricity still
offsetting the “weight” on energy bills?
B. Is such remuneration enough to enable
investments?
17. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
GRID CONNECTED PV POWER “PUSHES” OUT OF THE MARKET THE
MOST COSTLY POWER PLANTS (OPEN CYCLE “TURBOGAS”) DURING
AND AROUND “PEAK HOURS”, SO DOING “CUTTING” THE MARKET
ELECTRICITY PRICE !!!
“PEAK SHAVING”: HOURLY ELECTRIC LOAD ON THE “TRASMISSION” GRID (GREEN AND
RED CURVES) AND DIFFERENCES ON THE SAME DAYS IN 2010 AND 2011, AS WELL AS
ESTIMATED PV GENERATION (2011, DOTTED CURVE)
18. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
PEAK SHAVING: ANOTHER EXAMPLE
19. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
ELECTRICITY PRICES ON THE EUROPEAN MARKETS
(data: ITALIAN AUTHORITY FOR ELECTRICITY AND GAS)
PV
EFFECT?
SUSPECT OR REALITY?
20. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF THE “PRICE EFFECT”
Basic data and assumptions:
• Period: March 1st, 2011 to June 24th, 2011
• Only “working days” considered (Monday to Friday)
• About 1,800 hours data sample
• PV hourly generation estimated from TERNA (high voltage grid
manager) data (HV connected PV) combined with GSE (Energy
Services Manager) installed PV power data (about 4.600 MWp to 6.800 MWp
during the period)
• Total needed electricity load drawn from GME (Electric Market
Manager) data + PV hourly self-use (not to grid) in turn estimated from
comparisons of GME and estimated PV generation data (around 20% of
total PV generation)
21. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF THE “PRICE EFFECT”
Basic data and assumptions (continues):
• Electricity price assumed as the “non-constrained” PUN (National
Unique Price), also denoted as “NAT”
• Any hour was classified as “no PV” or “PV” according to a simple PV
generation threshold: in order to retain sufficiently large and
overlapping samples the 2,000 MWh threshold was chosen
• As a result, more than 600 “PV” hours and about 1,200 “no PV” hours
constituted the data sample
• The diurnal hourly price (“NAT”) structure was derived on a
monthly basis (March to June) from the observed relationships
“NAT vs Load” during the “No FV” hours
22. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF THE “PRICE EFFECT”
Diurnal hourly price (“NAT”) vs Load (standardized data)
23. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF THE “PRICE EFFECT”
Basic Methods:
• The electricity price (NAT) observed in every
“PV” hour was compared with the
corresponding estimated NAT in the “no PV”
hours at the total (observed + PV self-use)
estimated load
24. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF THE “PV PRICE EFFECT”
The PV “price effect” unfolded !!!
25. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF THE “PV PRICE EFFECT”
In agreement with our previous estimates (March 1st to April 14th)
26. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
COMPUTATION OF THE “PV SAVINGS”
Basic Methods:
• The “saving” in every “PV” hour was computed as
the difference between the total hourly observed
electricity cost and the cost that would have been
paid in a “no PV” hour for the total load
• Additional “PV Savings” were estimated in the “No
PV” hours due to the avoided cost of the “self-
use” residual PV generation
27. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
COMPUTATION OF THE “PV SAVINGS”
“PV HOURS” – the PV “SAVINGS” vs Total Electric Load
28. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
COMPUTATION OF THE “PV SAVINGS”
“PV HOURS” – the PV “SAVINGS” vs Estimated PV Generation
29. PV IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
COMPUTATION OF THE “PV SAVINGS”
Basic Results:
• The “PV Savings” grow with the combined growth of
electric load and PV generation
• THE LOWEST ESTIMATE OF THE “PV SAVINGS” FOR
THE ~ 80 CONSIDERED DAYS WAS about € 360
million, out of about € 850 million feed-in tariffs (> 40%)
• THE LOWEST ESTIMATE OF THE “UNIT PV SAVING”
WAS about 125 €/MWh (PV generation around 2,9 TWh)
UNIT OF PV GENERATED ELECTRICITY
30. THE “RIGHT PRICE” FOR THE UTILITY
SCALE PV PLANTS GENERATION
THE (LOWEST!) “RIGHT PRICE” OF THE
PV ELECTRICITY TO OFFSET ANY
ADDITIONAL CHARGE ON THE END
USERS’ BILLS IS:
125 €/MWh
31. B) – UTILITY SCALE SUN-TRACKING PV INSTALLATIONS
Basic data and assumptions:
ANNUAL INFLATION 2.50%
ANNUAL ELECTRIC INFLATION 3.00%
POWER (kWp) 10,000
STILL (“S") OR TRACKING (“T") T
CELL TECHNOLOGY (Mono-Si, Poly-Si, a-Si, other) Mono-Si
GEOGRAPHIC REGION – NORTH ("N"), CENTER ("C"), SOUTH ("S") S
ANNUAL GENERATION [kWh/kWp] - TRACKING = +45% 2,175
ANNUAL EFFICIENCY LOSS (%/year) 0.50%
OWN CAPITAL (Y/N) N
CAPITAL INTEREST RATE IN LOAN PERIOD [%] 5.00%
LOAN PERIOD (years) 20
PRESENT UNIT COST (€/kWp) 2,200.00
“TURN-KEY” INSTALLATION COST *€] 22,000,000.00
32. UTILITY SCALE SUN-TRACKING PV INSTALLATIONS
Basic data and assumptions (continues):
GUARANTEE PERIOD (years) 10
INVERTER REPLACEMENT FREQUENCY (years) 10
INVERTER UNIT COST(€/kWp) 192.11
INSURANCE COST [yearly % of PV COST - constant] 0.60%
O&M COST [yearly % of PV COST (+ inflation)] 1.00%
TERRAIN AREA [hectares] 40.00
TERRAIN COST [(€/hectare/year) + inflation] 1,000.00
TAX ON TERRAIN COST (first year, applied on total cost) 18.00%
OTHER COSTS - personnel (guard, etc)
60,000.00
[€/year + inflation]
NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) RATE [%] 5.00%
PV INSTALLATION LIFE-TIME [years] 40
33. UTILITY SCALE SUN-TRACKING PV INSTALLATIONS
A POSSIBLE UTILITY-SCALE PV TRACKING REMUNERATION SCHEME:
• CONSTANT TARIFF AT 125 €/MWh DURING THE FIRST 20 YEARS
• SINCE YEAR 21, FREE MARKET COMPETITION, e.g. AT PRESENT
MINIMUM PRICE (NAT) 50 €/MWh + INFLATION (2.5% per year)
STABILITY + POWER COST LOWERING
35. UTILITY SCALE SUN-TRACKING PV INSTALLATIONS
IS SUCH SCHEME SUSTAINABLE?
YES – APPARENT FROM PREVIOUS CHART !!!
TOTAL COSTS € 57,4 million
TOTAL INCOME € 91 million
NET PRESENT VALUE OF TOTAL COSTS € 29,8 million
NET PRESENT VALUE OF TOTAL INCOME € 41,5 million
+ 39%