Intravenous fluid is liquid administered directly into a vein. There are two main types of IV fluids - crystalloids and colloids. Crystalloids are water and electrolyte solutions that can be hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic depending on solute concentration. Colloids contain larger molecules that do not cross membranes. IV fluids are used to treat dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, blood loss, and other conditions. The amount of IV fluid given over time is calculated using the fluid volume, administration time, and drop factor of the delivery set.

2. INTRA VENOUS FLUID
Intravenous fluid is the giving or administration of liquid
substance directly into a vein .it is a invasive procedure and
it can be intermittent and continuous administration

3. TYPES OF IV FLUID
Crystalloid colloid

4. CRYSTALLOID
It is a clear solution fluid made up of water and
electrolyte solution .it contain small molecule which
easily cross cell membrane.
Crystalloid also are three types
Hypotonic
 Isotonic
 hypertonic

5. HYPOTONIC
it has less osmolarity . The solute are less than in
solvant . The diffusion of water molecule from less
concentration to higher concentration

6. ISOTONIC FLUID
In this solute and solvent both are equal . Isotonic crystalloid
do not cause a significant shift of water between blood
vessels and cell .
Example- Normal saline 0.9 % Ringer lactate

7. HYPERTONIC
• In this solute concentration. Higher than solvent .
These have higher osmolarity
Example -Dextrose 5% Normal saline 3%Dextrose
10%

8. COLLOID
Colloid are large molecular weight solution . These
solute are macromolecule or substance made of
gelatinous solution which have particle suspended in
solution and do not cross semi permeable
membrane
Example -Albumin , dextran , hexastarch

10. IV FLUID INDICATION
Dehydration
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
 Burn Injury
Blood loss
Trauma

11. FLUID CALCULATION
To calculate amount of fluid require for replacement
with in 24 hour period
Method Flow rate = total volume in ml / time in
minute × drop factor

12. DROP FACTOR - AMOUNT OF DROP IN 1 ML
Drop factor for Microdrip
set - 60 gtt / ml

13. • Macrodrip set drop
factor - 15 gtt /ml

15. Example -1) a child receive 500 ml fluid over 12 hr at
drop rate 60 drop/ ml . The nurse should infuse solution
at which flow rate ?
Flow rate = total volume in ml / time in minute ×
drop factor
• 500× 60/12×60 = 41.6
= 42 drop / minute

16.  500 ml iv fluid administer 5 hr at drop factor 20
drop / ml calculate flow rate ?
 500 ml RL introduce over 4hr 10 minute at drop
factor 20gtt/ml . What is flow rate ?
 1200 ml NS introduce over 125 ml / hr at drop factor
20 gtt /ml . What is flow rate?

17. SUMMARY
Today I discussed intravenous fluid , type of iv fluid ,
indication , fluid calculation and method of fluid
calculation with example.

18. CONCLUSION
Fluid balance can alter with disease and illness so it is
important to be aware of how much fluid is in the
body , taking steps such as measuring urea and
electrolyte level and how to balance fluid in the
body

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Nancy sister," textbook of principles
and practice of nursing , 6 edition,jrp
publication ,page no 129.
• Perry potter,”text book of
fundamentals of nursing ,9
edition,page no-316-318.
Net referneces:
• www.medscape.com/calculator/52
6/maintenance-fluid-calculations.