Nsg care with Fluid & Electrolyte imbalance.pptxAbhishek Joshi
Helpful for first year GNM and B.Sc. Nurses students.
Keep Reading and i will keep uploading...i want to enhance the nursing profession and provide an ideal nursing care to one and every students of India. Thanks
intravenous fluid and electrolytes are important topics in medical science. potassium is one of the vital electrolytes of the human body. this presentation has a discussion on several iv fluids and potassium balance and also how to manage the potassium imbalance.
Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of body in which the amount of water in the body needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.
The core principle of fluid balance is that the amount of water lost from the body must equal the amount of water taken in; for example, in humans, the output (via respiration, perspiration, urination, defecation, and expectoration) must equal the input (via eating and drinking, or by parenteral intake).
Nsg care with Fluid & Electrolyte imbalance.pptxAbhishek Joshi
Helpful for first year GNM and B.Sc. Nurses students.
Keep Reading and i will keep uploading...i want to enhance the nursing profession and provide an ideal nursing care to one and every students of India. Thanks
intravenous fluid and electrolytes are important topics in medical science. potassium is one of the vital electrolytes of the human body. this presentation has a discussion on several iv fluids and potassium balance and also how to manage the potassium imbalance.
Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of body in which the amount of water in the body needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.
The core principle of fluid balance is that the amount of water lost from the body must equal the amount of water taken in; for example, in humans, the output (via respiration, perspiration, urination, defecation, and expectoration) must equal the input (via eating and drinking, or by parenteral intake).
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
normal physiology of fluid regulation
FLUID IMBALANCES- fluid volume excess, fluid volume deficit, third spacing,
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES- hypo and hypernatremia, hypo and hyperkalemia, hypo and hypercalcemia
detail description about the fluid and electrolyte balance. fluids and electrolytes needed during surgeries and during trauma are described. a note is added on acid base balance in the body
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
normal physiology of fluid regulation
FLUID IMBALANCES- fluid volume excess, fluid volume deficit, third spacing,
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES- hypo and hypernatremia, hypo and hyperkalemia, hypo and hypercalcemia
detail description about the fluid and electrolyte balance. fluids and electrolytes needed during surgeries and during trauma are described. a note is added on acid base balance in the body
Major extra and intracellular electrolytes. Pharmaceutical Inorganic chemistr...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
Major extra and intracellular electrolytes. Pharmaceutical Inorganic chemistry UNIT-II (Part-II)
Electrolyte: Intracellular fluid
Interstitial fluid
Plasma (Vascular fluid)
Anionic electrolytes- HCO₃⁻, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, HPO₄²⁻
Cationic electrolytes- Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺
Concentration of important Electrolytes:
Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy: Sodium
chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt
(ORS), Physiological acid base balance.
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Basic Intravenous Therapy 3: Fluids And Electrolytes, Balance and Imbalance, ...Ronald Magbitang
Lecture Presentation in Basic Intravenous Therapy Seminar, discussion on Body Fluids and Electrolytes, Normal Values and the Imbalances, the symptomatology and treatment and precautions, and, finally the different types of commonly available, utilized IVF in clinics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
3. OBJECTIVES
• Describe how fluid and electrolytes are
regulated to maintain homeostasis.
• Describe fluid and electrolyte and acid base
balances.
• Describe about the regulation of fluid and
electrolyte balances
4. Introduction
Fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance within
the body maintain health and function in all body
systems. These balances are maintained by the
intake and output of water and electrolytes, their
distribution in the body and regulated by the renal
and pulmonary system.
7. Intracellular fluid
ICF comprises all fluid within the cells of the body,
about 42% of total body weight.
Extracellular fluid
ECF is all the fluid outside the cell.
8. COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS
As water moves throughout the body, it
contains substances
Electrolyte
Minerals
9. MOVEMENT OF BODY FLUID
Each body compartment is separated by a cell
wall and capillary membrane. Fluids and
solutes move across these membranes by
four processes.
DIFUSSION
OSMOSIS
FILTRATION
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. REGULATION OF BODY FLUIDS
Fluid intake
Fluid output
Hormonal influence
20. ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
It is a hormone secreted from atrial cells of the
heart in response to atrial stretching and an
increase in circulating blood volume.
It acts like a diuretic that causes sodium loss
and inhibits the thirst mechanism.
Inhibits the secretion of ADH and Aldosterone.
21. ELECTROLYTES
Electrolytes are the substances found
in ECF and ICF whose molecules
dissociate into electrically charged
particles known as ions when placed in
water.
22. DEFINITIONS
IONS: Ions are electrically charged particles
CATIONS: Cations are positively charged
particles. E.g.- Na , K+, Ca2+ etc.
ANIONS: Anions are negatively charged
particles. E.g.- Cl-, PO4, HCO3-
ICF- K, Mg, PO4-, (K as a main ion)
ECF- Na, Ca, Cl (Na as a main ion)
23. ACID BASE BALANCE
ACID
Any compound which forms H⁺ ions in
solution (proton donors)
eg: Carbonic acid releases H⁺ ions
BASE
Any compound which combines with
H⁺ ions in solution (proton acceptors)
eg: Bicarbonate(HCO3⁻) accepts H+ ions
24. ACID-BASE BALANCE
• Normal blood pH: 7.35-7.45
• Maintenance of blood pH—Important
homeostatic mechanism of the body.
• If pH <7.35--------- Acidosis
Ph >7.45---------Alkalosis
25. RESPIRATORY ACID-BASE
CONTROL MECHANISMS
When chemical buffers alone cannot
prevent changes in blood pH, the
respiratory system is the second line of
defence against changes.
Eliminate or Retain CO₂
Change in pH are RAPID
Occuring within minutes
PCO₂ ∞ VCO₂/VA
26. RENAL ACID-BASE CONTROL
MECHANISMS
The kidneys are the third line of defence
against wide changes in body fluid pH.
– movement of bicarbonate
– Retention/Excretion of acids
– Generating additional buffers
Long term regulator of ACID – BASE balance
May take hours to days for correction
27. RISK FACTORS AFFECTING FLUID,
ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE BALANCE
Age Very young,very old
Gender Women
Environment Hot weather
Chronic disease Cancer. Cardiovascular
disease,congestive heart
failure,renal disease,COPD
Trauma Injuries,burns
Gastrointestinal losses Gastroentritis,nasogastric
suctioning
28. MEDICATIONS CAUSE FLUID,
ELECTROLYTE AND ACID BASE
IMBALANCE
Diuretics
Steroids
Potassium supplements
Respiratory center depressants
Antibiotics
Calcium carbonate
Magnesium hydroxide
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
30. CONCLUSION
• Electrolytes are minerals in your body that have an electric
charge. They are in your blood, urine, tissues, and other body
fluids. Electrolytes are important because they help
• Balance the amount of water in your body
• Balance your body's acid/base (pH) level
• Move nutrients into your cells
• Move wastes out of your cells
• Make sure that your nerves, muscles, the heart, and the brain
work the way they should
• Sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, and
magnesium are all electrolytes. You get them from the foods
you eat and the fluids you drink.
31. REFERENCES
• Potter and Perry's Fundamentals of
Nursing(2017) 2nd Edition, Elsevier
Publication,page No.970-981.
• Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing
(10th Edition),Pearson publication.
• Sr Nancy ,Principles & Practice Of Nursing
, Nursing Arts Procedures(2006),NR
Brothers Publication.