The document discusses flowcharts and their uses. It states that flowcharts use graphic symbols to represent the sequence of instructions in a computer program, making the program logic understandable to non-technical people. Flowcharts visualize processes and algorithms to help comprehend pseudo-code. The key elements of a flowchart are described as the starting point, input and output of data, processing steps, and the flow of the process.

1. Flowchart is a diagram that uses a set of standard graphic symbols to
represent the sequence of coded instructions fed into a computer, enabling it
to perform specified logical and arithmetical operations. A computer program
consists of many processes and flows. Flowcharts are used to
visualize the processes and make them understandable for
non-technical people. They are also used to visualize algorithms and
comprehend pseudo-code which is used in programming.
Essential Concepts and Terminologies:
Flowchart – It is a step-by-step approach or process presented in
diagram to solve a given task.
Input – It is the act of entering data or information into the
computer for processing.
Output - The information produced by the computer after
processing.
Process – It is the operation or action of data as per given
instruction.
INTRODUCTION:
DISCUSSION
How do you solve the area of a right triangle?
Flowchart: Working with Terminator,
Initialization, Input, Output and Process Symbol
Let us learn the important
words needed to
understand our topic
𝐴 =
𝑎𝑏
2
𝑏
𝑐
𝑎
Show me your steps.
Click me to open the link
and provide me the teps.

2. Study the flowchart below.
List down 5 things you have observed about the flowchart.
SYMBOL NAME DESCRIPTION
TERMINAL/TERMINATOR
It represents the start and the end of a
flowchart.
INITIALIZATION
It denotes the preparation of memory
space for data processing.
INPUT/OUTPUT
It represents the inputting of data for
processing and showing the result
after manipulating the data.
PROCESS
It is used for arithmetic operations and
data-manipulations.
FLOWLINES
It represents the flow of the sequence
and direction of a process.
DECISION
It the process condition using relational
operators and is used for trapping and
filtering data.
ON – PAGE CONNECTOR
This symbol would contain a letter
inside. It indicates that the flow
continues on a matching symbol
containing the same letter onthesame
page.
OFF – PAGE CONNECTOR
This symbol would contain a letter
inside. It indicates that the flow
continues on a matching symbol
containing the same letter on a
different page.
A=0, a=0,
b=0
Begin Input
a, b
Output
A
A=(a*b)/2 Begin
Below are the symbols
used in flowcharting. Let
us study their functions.

3. Can you name the different flowchart
symbols here? I know you do. Click
me to open the link and give your
answers.
START
STOP
START
STOP
A flowchart always commences with the
instruction START or BEGIN . Always use the
pairs START – STOP or BEGIN – END.
Initialization symbol is where you prepare the
variables to be available for use and allocation of
memory space for your data storage. As a rule,
always draw this symbol to state the use of
computer memory.
The processing symbol is used in assignment
of new value to the variables and mathematical
computations.
Since we used START in the opening of our
flowchart, we should use STOP for consistency.
Program flowchart is the simplest way to figure out if there are bugs
or errors in a program before carrying it out. Flowcharting is as easy as
typing ABC or counting 123, the challenging part is the analysis. To be
familiar in drawing flowcharts, the learning exercises below will guide
us in understanding the foundations needed in logic formulation.
Analysis:
It is clearly stated that our objective is to
store the value of variable XtoY. Therefore,
variable Y is the destructive variable and
variable X is the constructive variable. The
value ofY isnot needed in thisproblem due
to the fact that variable Y will destroy its
original value and will get the value of X.
Problem 1:
Create a flowchart that will store
the value of variable X to variable
Y, where variable X = 10.

4. STOP
D
The expression Y=X is an
assignment operation. The value of
X which is 10, is assigned to Y,
destroying the original value, O of Y.
After the processthe value of Y is 10.
Start
X = 10
Y = 0
Y = X
Stop
The 3 things to remember in the
use of initialization in this
flowchart:
1. Assign memory locations
for X and Y;
2. Allocate number 10 to
variable Y; and
3. Assure that variable Y has
no value.
A B C
Analyze this:
Glass A contains Grape Juice,
Glass B is water, and
Glass C contains Lemon Juice
Your task is to TRANSFER the contents
without switching the places of the
glass. Don’t mix them:
Glass A should contain water,
Glass B is Lemon Juice, and
Glass C should be Grape Juice.
I’ll mix them
later… Ithink it will
taste better!
A= 75% A= 50% A= 90%
A = 75, B = 50
C = 90
D = 0
START
Add another empty Glass!
Now, we can transfer the
contents to a temporary
container. Let us name this as
Glass D. It is empty so the value
is zero (0).
A = 75
B = 50
C = 90
START
?
We can now complete
our flowchart. Let’s
transfer the contents
where each should
belong.
A = 75, B = 50
C = 90, D = 0START
D A
D = A
B
A = B
A
D
B
C
B = C
C = D
C
The problem is represented
in a flowchart below.
So, how do we solve this
problem?

5. SUMMARY:
INSIGHTS:
Programmers integrate ideas to a code is no
simple way. Being new to programming, we
might not be ready yet to overcome the
challenges. Programmers suggest to
observe the use of flowchart to at least
minimize and overcome these challenges.
So, try to solve the preceding problem.
Problem: Illustrate a flowchart
that will accept two integers
and print the sum.
START
X=0,
Y=0
S=0
S = X+Y
Input
(X, Y)
Output
(S)
Stop
FIRST: Assign memory locations for
X & Y for the two integer values.
Variable S for the sum of the two
integer value.
SECOND: User shall input
integer values for
variables X and Y.
THIRD: The value of X is
added to Y, and then
stored to S.
FOURTH: The value of
variable S is then
displayed in the
Output.
Flowcharts help computer programmers to create the most
well-organized coding for computers. Programmers can
clearly see where the data is going to end up.
Flowcharts can help computer programmers figure out where
a potential computer bugs or problems area is and helps them
in debugging or cleaning up code that is not working.
Input or Output is the part of the program
that the user sees. Input is the only way
to send data to the computer for
processing. Input data can be numeric
value, character or string.
X Y, S