1. Assam has high biodiversity due to its location and climate, with diverse forest types including evergreen, deciduous, swamp, and grasslands hosting over 600 orchid varieties and economically important plants like tea, lemon, and spices.
2. The major rivers Brahmaputra and Barak support diverse riparian vegetation and Assam has over 38 native bamboo species, with bamboo being widely cultivated and integral to livelihoods.
3. Tea is a dominant crop in Assam, with the region producing black and specialty teas due to its climate, and Assam tea has historically been an important commercial crop since the 19th century.
The Beauty of Assam. The Land of culture, Awsomeness,The Pride of Nation.Deepak Poddar
Assam - The gateway of North-East. The land of the mighty 'Brahmaputra'. The land of 'Luscious green tea estates'. The land of 'Polite welcoming people'. The land of the 'One horned Rhinoceros'. The land of 'Tranquility'.
The Beauty of Love, The Beauty of Fest, The Beauty of Assam. The Gateway of North-East.
Visit our state Assam to know how we are adorable state.
Art Integrated Project on Forest and Wildlife of Assam and RajasthanKeshavKurdia
This science project compares the flora, fauna, forest products, and protected areas of Assam and Rajasthan, India. It finds that Assam is home to diverse plants and animals, including the one-horned rhinoceros, as well as timber, bamboo, cane, and paper products from its forests. Rajasthan's forests produce wood for building and fuel, and its parks attract over 375 migratory bird species. Both states have national parks and wildlife sanctuaries that protect endemic and endangered species and support biodiversity conservation for environmental and economic benefits.
Comparison between rajasthan and assam BY Jaiditya Singh ShekhawatNarendra Shekhawat
This document compares the Indian states of Rajasthan and Assam across several categories. Rajasthan is located in northern India and covers an area of 342,239 square kilometers, while Assam is located in northeastern India and covers an area of 78,438 square kilometers. Both states have unique cuisines, festivals, costumes, architecture, art forms, cultures, and climates. Some notable festivals in Rajasthan include Teej and Gangaur, while Bihu is Assam's most important festival. Traditional dances include Ghoomar from Rajasthan and Bihu from Assam. The states each have distinct flora and fauna as well.
Assam_the beautiful state of north_east IndiaGuni Sonow
The State of Assam is one of the most beautiful regions of India. There is hardly any other state which has greater variety and colour in its natural scenery and in the cultural treasures of the people that inhabit it. It is situated in the north-eastern region of INDIA and touch a little bit of mighty Himalaya . Dispur is the capital of Assam and its situated in Guwahati
Types of Natural Vegetation in India
→ Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests
→ Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests
→ Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs
→ Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation
→ Tidal or Mangrove Forests and
→ Mountain Forests
North East India contains a biodiversity hotspot with over 1500 endemic plant and animal species. The region faces threats from habitat loss due to shifting cultivation, deforestation, and development projects. It is home to rare species like the golden langur, hoolock gibbon, sangai deer, and pink-headed duck. Conservation efforts are needed to protect the region's rich but imperiled biodiversity from growing human impacts.
This document provides an overview of temperate grasslands, including their location, climate, soil characteristics, and major types. The major temperate grasslands discussed are steppes, prairies, pampas, and veldt. Key details about the climate, dominant plants, and characteristic animal species of each grassland type are described. The document also discusses threats to temperate grasslands from overgrazing, invasive species, and urbanization, as well as conservation strategies.
The Beauty of Assam. The Land of culture, Awsomeness,The Pride of Nation.Deepak Poddar
Assam - The gateway of North-East. The land of the mighty 'Brahmaputra'. The land of 'Luscious green tea estates'. The land of 'Polite welcoming people'. The land of the 'One horned Rhinoceros'. The land of 'Tranquility'.
The Beauty of Love, The Beauty of Fest, The Beauty of Assam. The Gateway of North-East.
Visit our state Assam to know how we are adorable state.
Art Integrated Project on Forest and Wildlife of Assam and RajasthanKeshavKurdia
This science project compares the flora, fauna, forest products, and protected areas of Assam and Rajasthan, India. It finds that Assam is home to diverse plants and animals, including the one-horned rhinoceros, as well as timber, bamboo, cane, and paper products from its forests. Rajasthan's forests produce wood for building and fuel, and its parks attract over 375 migratory bird species. Both states have national parks and wildlife sanctuaries that protect endemic and endangered species and support biodiversity conservation for environmental and economic benefits.
Comparison between rajasthan and assam BY Jaiditya Singh ShekhawatNarendra Shekhawat
This document compares the Indian states of Rajasthan and Assam across several categories. Rajasthan is located in northern India and covers an area of 342,239 square kilometers, while Assam is located in northeastern India and covers an area of 78,438 square kilometers. Both states have unique cuisines, festivals, costumes, architecture, art forms, cultures, and climates. Some notable festivals in Rajasthan include Teej and Gangaur, while Bihu is Assam's most important festival. Traditional dances include Ghoomar from Rajasthan and Bihu from Assam. The states each have distinct flora and fauna as well.
Assam_the beautiful state of north_east IndiaGuni Sonow
The State of Assam is one of the most beautiful regions of India. There is hardly any other state which has greater variety and colour in its natural scenery and in the cultural treasures of the people that inhabit it. It is situated in the north-eastern region of INDIA and touch a little bit of mighty Himalaya . Dispur is the capital of Assam and its situated in Guwahati
Types of Natural Vegetation in India
→ Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests
→ Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests
→ Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs
→ Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation
→ Tidal or Mangrove Forests and
→ Mountain Forests
North East India contains a biodiversity hotspot with over 1500 endemic plant and animal species. The region faces threats from habitat loss due to shifting cultivation, deforestation, and development projects. It is home to rare species like the golden langur, hoolock gibbon, sangai deer, and pink-headed duck. Conservation efforts are needed to protect the region's rich but imperiled biodiversity from growing human impacts.
This document provides an overview of temperate grasslands, including their location, climate, soil characteristics, and major types. The major temperate grasslands discussed are steppes, prairies, pampas, and veldt. Key details about the climate, dominant plants, and characteristic animal species of each grassland type are described. The document also discusses threats to temperate grasslands from overgrazing, invasive species, and urbanization, as well as conservation strategies.
Vegetation in India can be divided into five main types due to varied climatic conditions:
1) Tropical evergreen forests are dense forests found in areas with heavy rainfall that remain green year-round.
2) Tropical deciduous forests are less dense and found in areas with a monsoon climate, shedding leaves at certain times.
3) Tropical thorn forests and scrubs are found in dry areas and have leaves shaped like spines to reduce water loss.
4) Mountain forests vary by height and include coniferous or cone-shaped trees at higher elevations.
5) Mangrove forests can survive in saline water and are mainly found in the Sundarbans and Andaman
The document discusses the Peninsular Plateau of India. It is located south of the Northern Plains and was formed by the breaking of the Gondwana landmass, making it one of India's oldest landforms. The plateau consists of the Central Highlands in the north and the Deccan Plateau further south. The Central Highlands include regions like the Malwa, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand and Chotanagpur plateaus. The Deccan Plateau is bounded by the Western and Eastern Ghats and contains the Deccan Traps in the northwest. The plateau is rich in minerals and supports agriculture.
The document provides an overview of the Indian state of Assam. It discusses Assam's history dating back to ancient times as referenced in various literature. It then provides key facts about Assam such as its capital, population, languages spoken, and districts. It describes some of Assam's arts and crafts focusing on cane and bamboo products and Assam silk. It highlights some of Assam's major destinations and attractions including the Brahmaputra River, Kamakhaya Temple, and opportunities for rafting. It also briefly discusses Assam's cuisine, tea industry, and includes a guide map of important places and national parks.
The document discusses different types of natural vegetation and wildlife found in India. It defines key terms like natural ecosystem, biosphere reserves, and national parks. It also describes some features of different types of forests in India, including thorn forests and tropical deciduous forests. Virgin vegetation is defined as a plant community that has grown naturally without human influence or disturbance over a long period of time. The presentation was created by a 9th grade student as part of a school project.
The document discusses natural vegetation and wildlife in India. It begins by noting India's high level of biodiversity, with millions of plant and animal species. It then defines key terms like virgin vegetation and mega-biodiversity, noting that India is one of 12 mega-diverse countries. The document outlines the major factors influencing vegetation - relief, climate, and soil conditions. It describes the different vegetation zones in India like tropical rainforests, deciduous forests, and mangrove forests. Statistics are provided on forest cover and density in India. The document concludes by noting India's rich wildlife, though many species are endangered due to threats like habitat loss.
India hosts a wide variety of ecosystems and is considered one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. It contains 3 biodiversity hotspots - the Western Ghats, Himalayas, and Indo-Burma region. These areas have numerous endemic species and high levels of biodiversity. The Western Ghats in particular have over 75% of amphibian species and 62% of reptile species that are found nowhere else.
Assam tea is a black tea made from the Camellia sinensis var assamica plant native to the Assam region in India. Assam tea is heavily oxidized during processing, giving it a malty flavor and rich aroma. It grows in the tropical climate of Assam receiving high rainfall, with Dibrugarh producing the largest amount. The unique terroir and processing methods distinguish Assam tea from other black teas.
Nagaland is a hilly state in Northeast India with 16 tribes and Christianity as the dominant religion. It has a pleasant climate with heavy rainfall from June to September. The state has 16 districts and is known for its biodiversity, adventurous outdoor activities like trekking, and vibrant folk dances performed by the tribes. Nagaland cuisine features non-vegetarian dishes like pork and bamboo shoots as well as rice beer.
This document discusses climate and wildlife in India. It begins by defining climate and explaining how climate shapes lives in India as an agricultural country. It then discusses several factors that determine India's climate, including latitude, altitude, proximity to mountains and seas. It notes that while India generally has a tropical monsoon climate, there is regional diversity. The document also describes vegetation types across India and the abundant wildlife found in Indian forests, which is protected in sanctuaries and national parks.
This document is a project submitted by Shivam Kumar Sahu, a 10th grade student, about Chhattisgarh's cuisine, dress, folk dances, folk songs, traditions, festivals, and famous tourist places. It provides details about Chhattisgarh's history and geography, lists popular dishes like muthia and bhajia. It describes folk dances and songs, traditional folk ornaments, festivals like Hareli and Madai Mela, religious sites including temples of Bamleshwari Devi and Mahamaya, and concludes with a brief mention of famous tourist places in Chhattisgarh.
Odisha is located on the eastern coast of India. It borders West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. The capital and largest city of Odisha is Bhubaneswar. Odisha has a long history and was previously known as Kalinga. It has a rich cultural heritage reflected in traditions like Odissi dance, pata painting, and applique work from Pipili. The Jagannath Temple in Puri is an important pilgrimage site.
India has significant geographical diversity due to its large size and location in South Asia. It spans a wide range of landscapes from the Himalayan mountains in the north to the Thar Desert in the west. Major rivers like the Ganges and Indus flow from the Himalayas across fertile plains, influencing settlement patterns and supporting agriculture. India experiences distinct seasonal changes including a summer monsoon season that is crucial for crop growth. This diversity of terrain and climate has endowed India with valuable natural resources but also environmental challenges like floods and droughts.
The document summarizes the structure and physiography of India. It divides India into several physiographic divisions based on geological structure and landforms: the Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, and Islands. It describes the key features of each division, including their positioning, formation processes, and distinguishing characteristics. The Islands are further divided into Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands, with details provided on each group.
It's a presentation about our india's natural vegetation. This also caries notes which are very important for the exams and also the Tag U1B indicates that for 9th class it is very important.
The Brahmaputra River is one of Asia's major rivers that flows through China, India, and Bangladesh. It originates as the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet and is joined by many tributaries as it flows southeast through the Himalayas, Assam Valley, and into Bangladesh where it merges with other rivers to form the world's largest delta. The river is an important transportation route and floods seasonally, supporting biodiversity like the one-horned rhinoceros in Kaziranga National Park.
This document summarizes the major forest types found in India. It describes 5 main forest types - tropical forests, montane subtropical forests, temperate montane forests, sub-alpine forests, and alpine forests. Each forest type is further divided into subtypes based on factors like climate, rainfall, temperature, and elevation. The document provides details on the characteristic features and locations of each forest subtype.
This document provides information on the different types of forests found in India. It discusses 6 main types of forests - tropical evergreen forests, deciduous monsoon forests, tropical grasslands, mangrove forests, desert forests, and alpine forests of the Himalayas. Each forest type is described in terms of location, climate, and dominant plant species. The document also discusses the importance of forests, methods of forest conservation, wildlife found in India, and protected areas like wild sanctuaries and national parks that help conserve forests and wildlife.
This is cheerful presentation shows the state of Assam and its Tea Plantations through the eyes of a class IX girl. A girl who was born in the tea plantations and spent her best growing up years in the midst of sun, rain, forest, fields, dogs, rivers, mountains and the lush greenery of Assam.
Critically endangered species in North east IndiaHt Boombastic
This document summarizes critically endangered species found in North East India. It discusses the white-bellied heron, pink-headed duck, pygmy hog, Namdapha flying squirrel, Shillong bubble-nest frog, and Javan rhinoceros as examples of critically endangered species in the region. For each species, it provides classification, habitat/distribution, threats faced, and conservation measures needed. The document emphasizes the importance of habitat protection, additional surveys, awareness programs, and establishing protected areas to help conserve these critically at-risk species.
The Great Wall of China was built between the 3rd century BC and 17th century AD to protect China from northern invaders like the Mongols. It stretches over 5,500 miles across northern China from the Gobi Desert to the Yellow Sea. While it is visible from space, some claims that it can be seen from the moon are untrue. Excessive tourism is damaging some sections of the wall but it still brings valuable tourism revenue to China.
Vegetation in India can be divided into five main types due to varied climatic conditions:
1) Tropical evergreen forests are dense forests found in areas with heavy rainfall that remain green year-round.
2) Tropical deciduous forests are less dense and found in areas with a monsoon climate, shedding leaves at certain times.
3) Tropical thorn forests and scrubs are found in dry areas and have leaves shaped like spines to reduce water loss.
4) Mountain forests vary by height and include coniferous or cone-shaped trees at higher elevations.
5) Mangrove forests can survive in saline water and are mainly found in the Sundarbans and Andaman
The document discusses the Peninsular Plateau of India. It is located south of the Northern Plains and was formed by the breaking of the Gondwana landmass, making it one of India's oldest landforms. The plateau consists of the Central Highlands in the north and the Deccan Plateau further south. The Central Highlands include regions like the Malwa, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand and Chotanagpur plateaus. The Deccan Plateau is bounded by the Western and Eastern Ghats and contains the Deccan Traps in the northwest. The plateau is rich in minerals and supports agriculture.
The document provides an overview of the Indian state of Assam. It discusses Assam's history dating back to ancient times as referenced in various literature. It then provides key facts about Assam such as its capital, population, languages spoken, and districts. It describes some of Assam's arts and crafts focusing on cane and bamboo products and Assam silk. It highlights some of Assam's major destinations and attractions including the Brahmaputra River, Kamakhaya Temple, and opportunities for rafting. It also briefly discusses Assam's cuisine, tea industry, and includes a guide map of important places and national parks.
The document discusses different types of natural vegetation and wildlife found in India. It defines key terms like natural ecosystem, biosphere reserves, and national parks. It also describes some features of different types of forests in India, including thorn forests and tropical deciduous forests. Virgin vegetation is defined as a plant community that has grown naturally without human influence or disturbance over a long period of time. The presentation was created by a 9th grade student as part of a school project.
The document discusses natural vegetation and wildlife in India. It begins by noting India's high level of biodiversity, with millions of plant and animal species. It then defines key terms like virgin vegetation and mega-biodiversity, noting that India is one of 12 mega-diverse countries. The document outlines the major factors influencing vegetation - relief, climate, and soil conditions. It describes the different vegetation zones in India like tropical rainforests, deciduous forests, and mangrove forests. Statistics are provided on forest cover and density in India. The document concludes by noting India's rich wildlife, though many species are endangered due to threats like habitat loss.
India hosts a wide variety of ecosystems and is considered one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. It contains 3 biodiversity hotspots - the Western Ghats, Himalayas, and Indo-Burma region. These areas have numerous endemic species and high levels of biodiversity. The Western Ghats in particular have over 75% of amphibian species and 62% of reptile species that are found nowhere else.
Assam tea is a black tea made from the Camellia sinensis var assamica plant native to the Assam region in India. Assam tea is heavily oxidized during processing, giving it a malty flavor and rich aroma. It grows in the tropical climate of Assam receiving high rainfall, with Dibrugarh producing the largest amount. The unique terroir and processing methods distinguish Assam tea from other black teas.
Nagaland is a hilly state in Northeast India with 16 tribes and Christianity as the dominant religion. It has a pleasant climate with heavy rainfall from June to September. The state has 16 districts and is known for its biodiversity, adventurous outdoor activities like trekking, and vibrant folk dances performed by the tribes. Nagaland cuisine features non-vegetarian dishes like pork and bamboo shoots as well as rice beer.
This document discusses climate and wildlife in India. It begins by defining climate and explaining how climate shapes lives in India as an agricultural country. It then discusses several factors that determine India's climate, including latitude, altitude, proximity to mountains and seas. It notes that while India generally has a tropical monsoon climate, there is regional diversity. The document also describes vegetation types across India and the abundant wildlife found in Indian forests, which is protected in sanctuaries and national parks.
This document is a project submitted by Shivam Kumar Sahu, a 10th grade student, about Chhattisgarh's cuisine, dress, folk dances, folk songs, traditions, festivals, and famous tourist places. It provides details about Chhattisgarh's history and geography, lists popular dishes like muthia and bhajia. It describes folk dances and songs, traditional folk ornaments, festivals like Hareli and Madai Mela, religious sites including temples of Bamleshwari Devi and Mahamaya, and concludes with a brief mention of famous tourist places in Chhattisgarh.
Odisha is located on the eastern coast of India. It borders West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. The capital and largest city of Odisha is Bhubaneswar. Odisha has a long history and was previously known as Kalinga. It has a rich cultural heritage reflected in traditions like Odissi dance, pata painting, and applique work from Pipili. The Jagannath Temple in Puri is an important pilgrimage site.
India has significant geographical diversity due to its large size and location in South Asia. It spans a wide range of landscapes from the Himalayan mountains in the north to the Thar Desert in the west. Major rivers like the Ganges and Indus flow from the Himalayas across fertile plains, influencing settlement patterns and supporting agriculture. India experiences distinct seasonal changes including a summer monsoon season that is crucial for crop growth. This diversity of terrain and climate has endowed India with valuable natural resources but also environmental challenges like floods and droughts.
The document summarizes the structure and physiography of India. It divides India into several physiographic divisions based on geological structure and landforms: the Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, and Islands. It describes the key features of each division, including their positioning, formation processes, and distinguishing characteristics. The Islands are further divided into Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands, with details provided on each group.
It's a presentation about our india's natural vegetation. This also caries notes which are very important for the exams and also the Tag U1B indicates that for 9th class it is very important.
The Brahmaputra River is one of Asia's major rivers that flows through China, India, and Bangladesh. It originates as the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet and is joined by many tributaries as it flows southeast through the Himalayas, Assam Valley, and into Bangladesh where it merges with other rivers to form the world's largest delta. The river is an important transportation route and floods seasonally, supporting biodiversity like the one-horned rhinoceros in Kaziranga National Park.
This document summarizes the major forest types found in India. It describes 5 main forest types - tropical forests, montane subtropical forests, temperate montane forests, sub-alpine forests, and alpine forests. Each forest type is further divided into subtypes based on factors like climate, rainfall, temperature, and elevation. The document provides details on the characteristic features and locations of each forest subtype.
This document provides information on the different types of forests found in India. It discusses 6 main types of forests - tropical evergreen forests, deciduous monsoon forests, tropical grasslands, mangrove forests, desert forests, and alpine forests of the Himalayas. Each forest type is described in terms of location, climate, and dominant plant species. The document also discusses the importance of forests, methods of forest conservation, wildlife found in India, and protected areas like wild sanctuaries and national parks that help conserve forests and wildlife.
This is cheerful presentation shows the state of Assam and its Tea Plantations through the eyes of a class IX girl. A girl who was born in the tea plantations and spent her best growing up years in the midst of sun, rain, forest, fields, dogs, rivers, mountains and the lush greenery of Assam.
Critically endangered species in North east IndiaHt Boombastic
This document summarizes critically endangered species found in North East India. It discusses the white-bellied heron, pink-headed duck, pygmy hog, Namdapha flying squirrel, Shillong bubble-nest frog, and Javan rhinoceros as examples of critically endangered species in the region. For each species, it provides classification, habitat/distribution, threats faced, and conservation measures needed. The document emphasizes the importance of habitat protection, additional surveys, awareness programs, and establishing protected areas to help conserve these critically at-risk species.
The Great Wall of China was built between the 3rd century BC and 17th century AD to protect China from northern invaders like the Mongols. It stretches over 5,500 miles across northern China from the Gobi Desert to the Yellow Sea. While it is visible from space, some claims that it can be seen from the moon are untrue. Excessive tourism is damaging some sections of the wall but it still brings valuable tourism revenue to China.
Presentation on snake bites and first aid. A comprehensive presentation on snake bite and the emergency response to it. Also cover precautions - how to avoid snake bites in the field. Useful for campers, doctors, students etc...
This document discusses biodiversity, endangered species, endemic species, and conservation techniques. It defines biodiversity as the variety of living organisms and ecosystems, and defines endangered species as those near a critical level and increasing each year. Endemic species are those found only in a particular geographical region due to isolation and environmental conditions. Conservation techniques mentioned include proper planning and management of wildlife habitats and populations, establishing sanctuaries and national parks, and legislative trade regulations.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on Earth. It is essential to sustaining life as we know it by providing resources like food, shelter, and medicine. However, human activity is causing biodiversity loss at an accelerated rate, endangering many species. Several facts illustrate this reduction, such as one in eight plant species being threatened with extinction. If biodiversity continues to decline, the world would lose resources and ecosystems that support life. We all must take action to protect biodiversity for future generations.
This document discusses biodiversity and threats to it. It begins by defining biodiversity and describing it at three levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It then outlines several major threats to biodiversity, including habitat loss, climate change, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, and disease. It provides more detail on habitat loss, describing the causes from human activities like agriculture, resource harvesting, and development. Habitat loss is a primary driver of species extinction worldwide. The document also discusses poaching and how it negatively impacts species survival and ecosystem balance. It notes man-wildlife conflicts have increased due to competition over limited resources and describes some of the efforts to mitigate these conflicts.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on Earth, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It is being threatened by habitat loss, pollution, and overexploitation of species. Key biodiversity hotspots that face serious threats are the Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas in India. Conservation efforts include protected areas like national parks and sanctuaries for in situ conservation and ex situ conservation in zoos and seed banks.
This document provides information on the different types of forests found in India. It discusses 6 main types of forests - tropical evergreen forests, deciduous monsoon forests, tropical grasslands, mangrove forests, desert forests, and alpine forests of the Himalayas. Each forest type is described in terms of location, climate, and common plant species. The document also summarizes the importance of forests, methods of forest conservation, wildlife found in India, and protected areas like wild sanctuaries and national parks that help conserve forests and wildlife.
India has 10 biogeographic zones based on its diverse climate, terrain and ecosystems. The Trans-Himalayan zone is very cold and arid with sparse vegetation. The Himalayan zone has unique biodiversity due to its high altitude and temperate forests. The Thar Desert and Rann of Kutch are hot and dry with adapted wildlife like wild asses. Semi-arid areas have thorn forests and bustard birds. The Western Ghats are a biodiversity hotspot with high endemism. The Deccan Plateau and Gangetic Plain have varied forests and agriculture. North-East India and islands also have distinctive ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of India's natural vegetation and forests. It discusses several types of forests in India, including tropical evergreen forests found in heavy rainfall areas, deciduous forests that shed leaves seasonally, thorn forests in dry regions receiving less than 70 cm of rainfall, montane forests at higher altitudes with changing vegetation, and mangrove tidal forests along coastal areas. It notes India's high biodiversity with thousands of plant and animal species found across these diverse forest ecosystems.
This document provides information about natural vegetation and wildlife in India. It discusses the different types of natural vegetation found in India, including tropical evergreen forests, tropical deciduous forests, tropical thorn forests and scrubs, montane forests, and mangrove forests. It also describes the factors that affect the distribution of flora and fauna across India, such as climate, soil type, and relief of the land. Additionally, it summarizes the various steps taken by the Indian government to protect the country's rich biodiversity, including establishing biosphere reserves, botanical gardens, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and conservation projects.
Forests are one of India's most important renewable resources. They provide timber, fuel, fodder and help regulate climate and rainfall. India has five main types of forests: tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests, thorn and scrub forests, tidal mangrove forests, and mountain forests. Tropical rainforests are found in areas with over 200 cm of rainfall while tropical deciduous forests cover over half of India's total forest area. Thorn and scrub forests are found in drier regions receiving less than 75 cm of rainfall. Mangrove forests grow along coastal tidal regions. Mountain forests vary by altitude from tropical to alpine vegetation. Deforestation is reducing India's forest cover and degrading the environment
In this ppt, you will study about the different biographical zone of India and types of forest in India and about Indian Biodiversity with a video made by me on youtube. you can follow me here and you can see my more video on youtube.
India has significant biodiversity with over 47,000 plant species and 89,000 animal species. The country contains a variety of natural vegetation types ranging from tropical rainforests to alpine forests, influenced by climate factors like temperature, precipitation, and photoperiod. Many plant and animal species are threatened by human activities such as hunting, habitat destruction, and pollution. The government has established various protected areas and conservation programs to help preserve India's rich natural heritage.
The document discusses the natural vegetation and wildlife found in India. It describes various types of forests in India including tropical evergreen forests, tropical moist deciduous forests, tropical dry deciduous forests, tropical thorn forests and scrubs, montane forests, and mangrove forests. It also discusses the flora and fauna present in different regions of India as well as endangered and extinct species. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and establishment of national parks, biosphere reserves, and protected areas are mentioned as measures to protect crucial habitats and wildlife in India.
Vegetation in India is primarily determined by climate and includes tropical rain forests, tropical deciduous forests, desert vegetation, mountain vegetation, and mangrove forests. The forests can be broadly classified into these categories. Tropical rain forests are found along the western Ghats and parts of northeast India and receive over 200cm of rainfall annually. Tropical deciduous forests are located in the foothills of the Himalayas and parts of central India and are dominated by teak and sal trees. Desert vegetation consists of scattered trees and bushes found in dry regions like Rajasthan. Mountain forests vary from tropical to alpine based on increasing altitude. Mangrove forests near coastal areas provide timber and support local livelihoods. Forests
The document discusses India's natural vegetation and wildlife. It describes various types of natural vegetation found in India including tropical evergreen forests, tropical deciduous forests, thorn forests and scrubs, montane forests, and mangrove forests. It also discusses factors like relief and climate that affect the diversity of flora and fauna in India. The document further provides details on India's wildlife and the distribution of various animal species. It highlights government conservation efforts like projects tiger and rhino as well as the establishment of biosphere reserves and protected areas to conserve India's natural heritage.
1) Forests cover less than 4% of Pakistan's land and are declining due to deforestation.
2) Primary forests consist of native tree species while secondary forests are recovering from human disturbances like logging.
3) The largest forest is a 247,000 acre juniper forest in Baluchistan that is threatened by logging and lack of conservation efforts.
Grass land ecosystems in india.
types of grasslands
uses of grassland
threats to grasslands
flora and fauna of grassland ecosystems
interesting facts
grassland ecosystem conservation
The document provides information about different types of forests found in India. It discusses tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests, tropical thorn forests and scrubs, montane forests, and mangrove forests. For each forest type, it describes the climate and rainfall conditions they are found in, the dominant plant and tree species, and some examples of animal life.
Natural vegetation in India includes various forest types and plant communities that have developed under different climatic and soil conditions. The major forest types are tropical evergreen forests, tropical deciduous forests, thorn forests and scrubs, montane forests, and mangrove forests. These forests support a diversity of flora and fauna, including elephants, tigers, rhinos, lions, and marine species in mangroves. However, hunting, habitat loss, and pollution now pose major threats to India's natural heritage. The government has established various protected areas and conservation projects to help protect vulnerable plants and animals.
This document provides information about natural vegetation and wildlife in India. It discusses the different factors that influence natural vegetation, including relief, soil, climate and the major types of vegetation found in India - tropical evergreen forests, tropical deciduous forests, thorn forests and scrubs, montane forests, and mangrove forests. It also describes some of the wildlife found in each forest type and discusses the main threats to flora and fauna from hunting, pollution, and deforestation. The government has established various initiatives to protect natural habitats, including biosphere reserves, botanical gardens, and protected areas like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
The study surveyed 104 butterfly species across 5 families in 5 major tea gardens in Sivasagar District, Assam, India from March 2012 to February 2013. The Nymphalidae family had the most species with 46, followed by Lycaenidae with 23 species. A total of 5696 individual butterflies were recorded, with the highest numbers found in the Behubor Tea Estate. The study found the tea garden areas to be undisturbed and rich in butterfly diversity.
Sericulture in India involves the cultivation of mulberry plants as a food source for silkworms to produce silk. Major silk varieties include mulberry silk, tasar silk, oak tasar, eri, and muga silk. Mulberry silk comes from the domesticated Bombyx mori silkworm feeding solely on mulberry leaves. Mulberry is commercially grown using cuttings in nurseries before transplanting. Proper spacing, fertilization, irrigation, and pruning are required for healthy mulberry cultivation to support a thriving sericulture industry in India.
This document summarizes the major forest types found in India and their wildlife. The five main forest types discussed are tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests, thorn forests and shrubs, mangrove forests, and montane forests. Each forest type is described in terms of location, climate, dominant plant species, and example animal species found within. The presentation concludes with a poem emphasizing the importance of preserving wildlife and ecosystems.
2. Flora of Assam
Assam General Characteristics
• Assam, one of the biodiversity hotspots occupies a special place in North-eastern India
located between 24° 44' N to 27° 45'N Latitude and 89° 41'E to 96° 02'E Longitude,
covering 2.4% of the geographical area of the country.
• The annual rainfall ranges between 305 cm. max. to 178 cm. min. with an average of
211.76 cm. The temperature recorded in summer is 37 ° C max. and 18 ° C min. and 26 °
C max. and 7 ° C min. in winter, with an average humidity of 83.00
Forest Status & Bio Diversity Estimation of Assam
• Total recorded forest area of the state is 28,748 sq.km. out of which 359 sq. km. come
under water bodies and covers 32% of the total geographical area. On the other hand
forest & tree cover is 36.67% of geographical areas including homestead forestland.
• Pattern of rainfall configuration of grounds are the factors controlling the distribution of
plants in to the types of forest association. The state consists of two valleys- the
Brahmaputra and the Barak, separated by range of comparatively low hills.
• The Barak or Surama valley receives direct N.W. Monsoon; due to the presence of steep
hills it receives a good precipitation in comparison to the Brahmaputra valley, which is
much less open to the monsoon winds.
3. Flora of Assam
Assam General Characteristics
• Grass lands occur in the deciduous tracts and also in the riparian areas of the
Brahmaputra and it's tributaries. The length of the Brahmaputra river in Assam is 640 km.
& length of the Barak river is 225 km. and there are 121 drainage systems or tributaries
in both the Brahmaputra & the Barak. The river Brahmaputra covers 23,3000 sq.km.
under its drainage system in India.
The major forest types of Assam are
• 1. Tropical wet evergreen.
• 2. Tropical semi evergreen.
• 3. Tropical moist deciduous.
• 4. Sub-tropical broad leaved hill .
• 5. Sub-tropical pine and littoral.
• 6. Swamp forests.
This types can be broadly taken under the following categories namely
• 1. Evergreen.
• 2. Deciduous.
• 3. Swamp forest.
• 4. Grass lands.
5. Flora of Assam
Assam General Characteristics
1. Evergreen
• Evergreen areas are under Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, Tinsukia, Cachar and
extend as far as up to Panchnadi in the north bank and Golaghat district. The dominent
families are Dilleniaceae , Anonaceae , Clusiaceae , Magnoliaceae , Fabaceae , Myrtaceae,
Styraceae , Ebenaceae , Myristicaceae , Lauraceae , Euphorbiaceae, Fagaceae, Arecaceae
& Poaceae, and Dipterocarpaceae are also characterised by storied formation of a forest
and presence of various climbers.
2. Deciduous.
• Deciduous forests lie mainly in the sal tracts. Dhubri,Kokrajhar, Goalpara,
Bongaigaon,Chirang, Baksa, Nalbari & Udalguri come under this area . Associates of sal
are Lagerstroemia perviflora, Kydia calycina, Schima Wallichi, Careya arborea, Gmelina
arborea, Cassia fistula, Albizzia lucida. A.odoratissima, Millusa velutina, Stereospermum
chelonoides etc.
3. Swamp Forest
• Swamp areas are generally beels or low lying areas, abandoned river channels etc. In
these areas following species are common: Crataeva lophosperma, Eugenia species,
Duabanga grandiflora , Te rminalia myriocarpa , Lagerstroemia flos-regina, Trewia
nudiflora, Ficus pyriformes etc. and also grasses like Hygrorhiza aristata, Vossia procera,
Panicum proliferum, Phragmities communis & P.karka , Arundo donax etc . Aquatic
plants such as Nymphaeceae, Lamnaceae, Alismaceae, Naiadaceae, Eriocauleceae,
Cyperaceae etc. are common.
6. Flora of Assam
Assam General Characteristics
4. Grass Lands
• Grass lands are of two types- one in the riperian belt, the other is in low rainfall areas. In
riperian areas, Saccharum, Anthistena, Erianthus, Arundo, Phragmities.etc are common
and on the other hand in low rainfall areas Imperata arundinaceae, Aptuda varia,
Andropogon jwarancusa, Nardus contortus, Setaria glauca etc. are common.
8. Flora of Assam
• Exotics
Assam Lemon: An unique product of Assam with a high percentage of Vitamin C (10 mg.)
besides Vitamin B (0.02 mg.), Niacin (0.1) per 100 gm. Extractable oil content of the peel
is around 0.8% and can be used in the cosmetic industry.
Hatkora: An exclusive export item belonging to the citrus family. Peel is used for
tenderizing meat and enhancing flavour in culinary dishes.
• Orchids: Of the 925 varieties available in India, over 600 can be grown in Assam. Around
200 varieties are unique to this region of which 60% are ornamental in nature.
• Aromatic Rice (Joha Rice): Quality comparable with any popular aromatic rice in the
world.
• Bhut Jalakia (Capsicum Chinensis Jacq.) : Hottest chilli on earth with Scovelli Heat Unit
(SHG) of 10,41,047.
10. Flora of Assam
• Assam is traditionally rich in horticultural production due to its diverse and unique agro-
climatic condition which is conductive for growing wide range of horticultural crops like
various fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, nuts, tuber crops and medicinal and aromatic
plants.
• Horticultural crops occupy about 15% of the gross cultivated area of Assam and annually
produces more than 14.0 lakh MT of fruits, 39.0 lakh MT of vegetables and 2.0 lakh MT of
spices besides nut crops, flowers and medicinal & aromatic plants thus contributing
significantly towards food and nutritional security of the State. In spite of having all these
inherent potentiality, commercialisation of horticulture sector in Assam is not yet
achieved.
12. Flora of Assam
Tea of Assam - Camellia sinensis var. assamica
• The state of Assam is the world's largest tea-growing region, lying on either side of
the Brahmaputra River. The tropical climate contributes to Assam's unique malty taste, a
feature for which this tea is well known.
• Though Assam generally denotes the distinctive black teas from Assam, the region
produces smaller quantities of green and white teas as well with their own distinctive
characteristics.
• Historically, Assam has been the second commercial tea production region after southern
China. Southern China and Assam are the only two regions in the world with native tea
plants. Assam tea revolutionized tea drinking habits in the 19th century since the tea,
produced from a different variety of the tea plant, yielded a different kind of tea.
• The tea plant is grown in the lowlands of Assam, unlike Darjeeling and Nilgiris, which are
grown in the highlands. The Assam tea bush grows in a lowland region, in the valley of the
Brahmaputra River, an area of clay soil rich in nutrients of the floodplain. The climate varies
between a cool, arid winter and a hot, humid rainy season—conditions ideal for it. Because
of its lengthy growing season and generous rainfall, Assam is one of the most prolific tea-
producing regions in the world. Each year, the tea estates of Assam collectively yield
approximately 1.5 million pounds (680,400 kg) of tea.
• Assam tea is generally harvested twice, in a “first flush” and a “second flush.” The first flush
is picked during late March. The second flush, harvested later, is the more prized “tippy
tea,” named thus for the gold tips that appear on the leaves. This second flush, tippy tea, is
sweeter and more full-bodied and is generally considered superior to the first flush tea. The
leaves of the Assam tea bush are dark green and glossy and fairly wide compared to those
of the Chinese tea plant. The bush produces delicate white blossoms.
13. Flora of Assam
Bamboos in Assam:
Bamboos have gained considerable importance in the socio-economic life of people in Assam
for the variety of uses they cater to.
Altogether 38 naturally growing species of bamboo are recorded in Assam of which Bamboosa
masrtersei is restricted in distribution to Dibrugarh district. Bamboosa cacharensis, Dinochlora
compactiflora, D.india are restricted to Barak Valley. Chimnobabusa griffithiana and
Oxetenanthera parviflora are restricted in distribution to N.C.Hills. Bambusa rangaensis grows
wild in the Ranga R.F. of Lakhimpur district. Bamboosua vulgaris is the introduced species
cultivated throughout Assam as ornamental plant.
Bambusa jaintiana and Melocanna arundiana are the species reported only from Assam.
There are no exclusive bamboo forest in the plains of Assam, bamboo grooves are found
mostly along the edge of Reserve Forests. But pure bamboo forests occur in N.C Hills and
Karbi Anglong districts predominated with Melocanna baccifera and Chimnobambusa
griffithiana.
Bamboo is cultivated widely in Assam and every household grows bamboo in its bari land.
Commonly cultivated species are Bambusa balcooa (Bhaluka bamboo), Bambusa tulda (Jati
bamboo), Malocanna bacciferra (Muli bamboo), Dendrocalamus hamiltonii (Koko bamboo)
and Dendrocalamus giganteus (Mokalm bamboo).
14. Flora of Assam
Bamboos in Assam:
Bamboos have gained considerable importance in the socio-economic life of people in Assam
for the variety of uses they cater to.
Altogether 38 naturally growing species of bamboo are recorded in Assam of which Bamboosa
masrtersei is restricted in distribution to Dibrugarh district. Bamboosa cacharensis, Dinochlora
compactiflora, D.india are restricted to Barak Valley. Chimnobabusa griffithiana and
Oxetenanthera parviflora are restricted in distribution to N.C.Hills. Bambusa rangaensis grows
wild in the Ranga R.F. of Lakhimpur district. Bamboosua vulgaris is the introduced species
cultivated throughout Assam as ornamental plant.
Bambusa jaintiana and Melocanna arundiana are the species reported only from Assam.
There are no exclusive bamboo forest in the plains of Assam, bamboo grooves are found
mostly along the edge of Reserve Forests. But pure bamboo forests occur in N.C Hills and
Karbi Anglong districts predominated with Melocanna baccifera and Chimnobambusa
griffithiana.
Bamboo is cultivated widely in Assam and every household grows bamboo in its bari land.
Commonly cultivated species are Bambusa balcooa (Bhaluka bamboo), Bambusa tulda (Jati
bamboo), Malocanna bacciferra (Muli bamboo), Dendrocalamus hamiltonii (Koko bamboo)
and Dendrocalamus giganteus (Mokalm bamboo).