The document provides definitions, phonetic transcriptions, and examples for various linguistic terms related to language teaching and learning.

1. Universidad Técnica de Ambato
Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la
Educación
Carrera Idiomas
Modulo Lesson Planning
National Curriculum Guidelines

3. Lingua franca /ˈlɪŋgwə/ /ˈfræŋkə/
It is a language used for communication among many groups of
people, each speaking a different language.
Long before English became the lingua franca of the Internet
age, the world has wanted a common language.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
1

4. Functions /ˈfʌŋkʃənz/
The purpose for which an utterance or unit of language is used.
Students will perform a roll play using different functions such
as requesting, inviting, etc.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
2

5. Independent users of English
These people are users being able to convey on most
conversations, who write comprehensively, argue and explain
clearly.
People who have a C1 level are considered independent users of
English.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
/ɪndɪˈpɛndənt/ /ˈjuzərz/ /əv//ˈɪŋglɪʃ/
3

6. Communicative language competence
/kəmˈjunəkətɪv/ /ˈlæŋgwəʤ/ /ˈkɑmpətɪns/
Communicative language competence is used by groups of
people in a village, region, nation, etc.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
Knowledge of not only if something is formally possible in a
language, but also whether it is feasible, appropriate, or done
in a particular speech community.
4

7. Linguistic competence /lɪŋˈgwɪstɪk/ /ˈkɑmpətɪns/
“Includes lexical, phonological, syntactical knowledge and skills
and other dimensions of language as a system”.
Students from level B1 develop the linguistic competence
through vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
5

8. Sociolinguistic competence /soʊsioʊlɪŋˈgwɪstɪk//ˈkɑmpətɪns/
It refers to the sociocultural conditions of language use.
Students and their teacher talk about different social groups.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
6

9. Pragmatic competence /prægˈmætɪk/ /ˈkɑmpətɪns/
It is concerned with the functional use of linguistic resources.
(i.e. inviting, thanking, apologizing, etc.)
Students can apologize with the following phrase: “I’m so sorry
for doing that”
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
7

10. Exponents /ɪkˈspoʊnənts/
Language items needed for functions or speech acts such as
identifying, describing, inviting, offering, etc.
Students from level B1 are going be able to perform and
different language functions, using their most common
exponents such as describing and offering.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
8

11. Neutral register /ˈnutrəl/ /ˈrɛʤɪstər/
It refers to language that is neither too formal nor too informal
and it is more generally suitable in a variety of situations.
“Can you tell me the date, please?”
( This sentences is more suitable than the following sentence)
“Would you mind telling me the date, please?”
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
9

12. Informational texts /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃənəl/ /tɛksts/
Texts designed to convey information about something rather
than to tell or advance a narrative. They are characterized by
the following features: (1) their primary purpose is to convey
factual information about the natural and social world, (2) they
typically address whole classes of things in a timeless way and
(3) they come in many different formats .
The teacher gives students some handouts to practice grammar.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
10

13. Transactional texts /trænˈzækʃənəl/ /tɛksts/
Texts that are useful for people to communicate ideas with text
types that contain: business letters, friendly emails, interviews,
invitations, postcards, weblog entries, etc.
I will write a e-mail to my friends to congratulate her.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
11

14. Expository texts /ɛksˈpɒzɪtəri:/ /tɛksts/
Texts that inform, describe or explain something and hold
autobiographies, short descriptions, media, articles, etc.
An Autobiography
My name is Gabriela Arrevillaga. I am 17 years old. I am from
Mexico from Tapachula Chiapas. This city is hot all the time, and
we have a beach. I have a beautiful family. I have one brother
and one sister. My father’s name is Jorge and my mother’s name
is Irma. My sister’s name is Irma too, and my brother’s name is
Jorge, and he is married with Alejandra, and they are going to
be parents in November for first time, and all the family is so
exaited!....................................................................
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
12

15. Personal domain /ˈpɜːsnl/ /dəʊˈmeɪn/
Comprises family relations and individual social practices.
Listening has been formulated by taking into consideration the
personal domain.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
13

16. Educational domain /ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
It is concerned with the learning context where the aim is to
acquire specific knowledge or skills.
Learners should know the names of various locations.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
14

17. Public domain /ˈpʌblɪk/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
It refers to everything related with ordinary social interaction.
Students also need to focus on cultural and leisure activities of
public nature.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
15

18. Personal background /ˈpɜrsɪnɪl/ /ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
It includes personal identification; house, home, and
environment; daily life; free time and entertainment; and
relations with other people
Students from A1 in the linguistic component have a very basic
collections of phrases related to their personal background.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
16

19. Educational background /ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl//ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
It includes issues related to school and instruction.
All the students have educational roles.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
17

20. Social background /ˈsəʊʃəl/ /ˈbækˌɡraʊnd/
It includes public entertainment, travel, health and body care,
shopping, food and drink, and services.
Nowadays, health care is available to all the students.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
18

21. Backtracking /ˈbækˌtrækɪŋ/
Returning to a previous point or subject, as in a discussion or
lecture.
When Marco was reading the book he backtracks to the
beginning.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
19

22. Repair /rɪˈpɛr/
A term for ways in which errors, unintended forms, or
misunderstandings are corrected by speakers or others during
conversation
I have a, uhm...
What do you call it... pencil case (self-initiated repair).
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
20

23. Display question /dɪˈspleɪ//ˈkwɛsʧən/
“A question which is not a real question (i.e. which does not
seek information unknown to the teacher) but which serves to
elicit language practice”
Is this a magazine? Yes, it’s a magazine
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
21

24. Referential questions /rɪˈfɜːɜnʧiel//ˈkwɛsʧənz/
A question which asks for information which is unknown to the
teacher.
What is your neighborhood like?
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
22

25. Procedural texts /prəˈsiʤərəl/ /tɛksts/
A kind of writing that describe the instructions or directions to
complete a task with text types that contain recipes and ‘how to’
instructions.
Students ask to the teacher how to write an essay.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
23

26. Narrative texts /ˈnærətɪv/ /tɛksts/
A narrative text is a story that is created in a constructive
format that describes a sequence of fictional or non-fictional
events.
Once upon a time there was a girl called Cinderella. She lived
with her step sisters and step mother. They treated her badly.
She had to do all the house work…………………………………………………
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
24

27. Vocational domain /voʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
It is also called “occupational domain”, it covers everything
related with people’s activities and relations in the exercise of
their occupations .
Skills needed to get a job are examples of vocational domain.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
25

28. Realistic fiction /ˌriəˈlɪstɪk/ /ˈfɪkʃən/
Imaginative writing that accurately reflects life as it could be
lived today.
The teacher make students write a short realistic fiction story.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
26

29. Persuasive texts /pərˈsweɪsɪv/ /tɛksts/
It is a kind of writing that try to convince readers to assume a
particular point of view.
Mobiles are useful, however. They enable parents to maintain
contact with their children whenever they need to. There are
also obvious benefits to their use in emergency situations.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
27

30. Circumlocutions /cɪ:cʊmloʊcuti:ons/
An indirect way of expressing something
Marco’s admission came after few years of circumlocution
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
28

31. Salient politeness conventions
Particularly those affecting everyday life, living conditions,
interpersonal relations, and major values and attitudes.
Student in the sociolinguistic component are awarded of salient
politeness conventions of the foreign.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
/ˈseɪliənt//pəˈlaɪtnəs//kənˈvɛnʃənz/
29

32. Persuasive essays /pərˈsweɪsɪv/ /ɛˈseɪz/
In persuasive or argumentative writing, we try to convince others to
agree with our facts, share our values, accept our argument or
conclusions and adopt our way of thinking.
We Should Not All Be Uniform!
Every day, millions of teenagers spend between six and eight hours in
America’s high schools. They sit at their desks, listen to their teachers,
and do their school work. In some of these schools, however, they are
also forced to dress in school uniforms………………………………………
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
30

33. Repair /rɪˈpɛr/
In conversation analysis, the process by which a speaker
identifies a speech error and repeats what has been said with
some sort of correction.
Interlocutor – ‘It was very harm yesterday, wasn’t it?
Learner- Yes it was. Very harm’.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
31

34. Dead ends /dɛd/ /ɛndz/
A situation in which no progress can be made.
Reached an impasse on the negotiations.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
32

35. Jumpiness /ˈʤʌmpɪnəs/
Hesitation and nervousness.
Her hesitation cost him the championship.
WORDS
DEFINITION
PHONOLOGICAL TRANSCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
33

36. Educacion.gob.ec. Retrieved 24 May 2016, from
http://educacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2014/09/01-
National-Curriculum-Guidelines-EFL-Agosto-2014.pdf
Bibliography