This document contains definitions and examples of various linguistic terms related to language teaching. It defines terms such as lingua franca, functions, independent users of English, communicate effectively, real time, components, B1 level, communicative language competence, linguistic, sociolinguistic, pragmatic, exponents, neutral register, informational texts, transactional texts, expository texts, personal domain, educational domain, public domain, personal background, educational background, social background, backtracking, repair, display question, referential questions, procedural texts, narrative texts, vocational domain, realistic fiction, persuasive texts, circumlocutions, salient politeness conventions, persuasive essays, relevant information, dead ends, and jumpiness. Each term is

1. UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS Y DE LA
EDUCACIÓN
CARRERA DE IDIOMAS
LESSON PLANNING AND OBSERVATION
VOCABULARY
NAME: ERIKA VACA
SEMESTER: 5 TH

2. Lingua franca:
/lɪŋɡwə ˈfræŋkə/
Meaning:
A language that is adopted
as a common language
between speakers whose
native languages are
different.
Example: The national language of Zambia is English,
which also serves as the lingua franca.

3. Functions:
/ˈfʌŋkʃən/
 Meaning: The purpose for which an utterance or unit of
language is used.
Example: apologizing.
Syllabus is organized of the different Language
functions the learners need to express or understand to
communicate effectively

4. Independent users of English:
/ɪndɪˈpɛndənt//yo̅o̅′zər/,/ɒv/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
 Meaning: are defined as users
being able to carry on or
understand complex
conversations and texts with
abstract topics, Also they can
write comprehensibly, they don’t
need help to communicate, they
aren’t highly competent, but they
are adequate to carry on most
functions.
Example: B1 level communicates effectively as
independent users of English.

5. communicate effectively
/kəˈmjuːnɪˌkeɪt/ /ɪˈfektɪvlɪ/
 Meaning: It is when a person talk in clear and simple
terms. Or he/she can express business conversations
and expressing thoughts of cultural topics.
Example: Ecuadorian students are able to communicate
effectively with foreign people.

6. real time
/ˈrɪəl/ /taɪm/
 Meaning: This calculus has been made considering the
200 annual hours dedicated to the teaching of English, a
deduction of 20 hours for testing, and an additional
deduction of 60 hours (due to 40 mostly and not 60-
minute class periods), thus giving us the real teaching
time of 120 hours.
Example: The system shows the school in real time

7. Components
/kəmˈpoʊnənt/
 Meaning: a constituent part; Language has these
components linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic
comprise and are activated through the development of
the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading,
and writing)—divided in the layout of this document,
yet integrated in practice.
Example: the curriculum has specific objectives for the
components of communicative language competence.

8. B1
 Meaning: A B1 language proficiency level implies that
learners will become independent users of the language.
Example: In the B1 level, students will be able to
acquire a degree of fluency and comprehension in the
English.

9. Communicative language competence:
/kəˈmyunəkətɪv/ /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/
 Meaning: It is a term
in linguistics which refers to a
language user's grammatical
knowledge
of syntax, morphology, phonolo
gy and the like, as well as social
knowledge about how and when
to use utterances appropriately.
Example: a group of people in a village, region, nation

10. Linguistic
/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/
 Meaning: the science of language, including phonetics,
phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics,
and historical linguistics.
Example: Pronunciation, Vocabulary and grammar
English is concerned with the applications of linguistics
when it is teaching.

11. Sociolinguistic
/ˌsəʊsɪəʊlɪŋˈgwɪstɪk/
 Meaning: the study of language as it functions in society;
the study of the interaction between linguistic and social
variables.
Example: rules of politeness and social groups.
Sociolinguistics is concerned with language in social
and cultural context.

12. Pragmatic
/præɡˈmætɪk/
 Meaning: It focuses on how speakers use language to
present information and how hearers draw inferences
from what is said about the speaker’s communicative
intention.
Example: inviting and thanking
Pragmatic competence is a fundamental aspect of a
more general communicative competence .

13. Exponents
/ɪkˈspoʊnənt/
 Meaning: language items needed for functions or speech
acts.
Example: identifying, describing, inviting, offering.
Language Learning use their most common exponents.

14. Neutral register
/ˈnjuːtrəl/ /ˈrɛdʒɪstə/
 Meaning: Register refers to the formality or informality
of the language used in particular situations; formal
register is used on a job application. Informal register is
used in relaxed or friendly situations. Therefore, neutral
register refers to language that is neither too formal nor
too informal and is more generally applicable in a
variety of situations.
Example: Can you tell me the time, please?

15. Informational texts:
/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃənl/ /tɛkst/
 Meaning: It is nonfiction writing, written with the
intention of informing the reader about a specific topic.
Example: books, magazines, handouts

16. Transactional texts:
/trænˈzækʃənl/ /tɛkst/
 Meaning: these texts serve for communication of ideas
and information between individuals with diferent text
types.
Example: letters, friendly emails, interviews, invitations and postcards.

17. Expository texts:
/ɪkˈspɒzɪtərɪ/ /tɛkst/
 Meaning: These texts inform, describe or explain
something.
Example: News articles, autobiographies and short
descriptions

18. Personal domain:
/ˈpɜːsənəl/ /dəˈmeɪn/
 Meaning: This domain is about family relations and
individual social practices.
Example: Learners speak about personal domain.

19. Educational domain
/ˌɛdjʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ /dəˈmeɪn/
 Meaning: This domain is relating with the learning
context where the aim is to acquire specific knowledge
or skills.
Example: gym, classroom, office, and objects in
classrooms.

20. Public domain:
/ˈpʌblɪk/ /dəˈmeɪn/
 Meaning: It is related with ordinary social interaction
Example: public services and relations with the media.
Children will be able to speak about public domain.

21. Personal background:
/ˈpɜːsənəl/ /ˈbækˌɡraʊnd/
 Meaning: It refers personal identification: environment;
daily life; free time and entertainment; and relations
with other people.
Example: this vocabulary is phrases related to their
personal background

22. Educational background:
/ˌɛdjʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ /ˈbækˌɡraʊnd/
 Meaning: It refers issues related to school and
instruction.
Example: curricular subjects, classroom equipment,
educational roles.

23. Social background
/ˈsəʊʃəl/ /ˈbækˌɡraʊnd/
 Meaning: it is about public entertainment, travel, health
and body care, shopping, food and drink, and services
Example: Andres has a basic repertoire of words and
phrases related to his social background.

24. Backtracking:
/ˈbækˌtræk/
 Meaning: to return by the same route by which one has
come
Example: Teacher decided to backtrack that topic
because students didn't understand.

25. Repair:
/rɪˈpɛə/
 Meaning: to make good, to repair damage; to repair a
deficiency. It refers in which errors misunderstandings
are corrected by speakers or others during conversation.
Example: Communication is highly dependent on
repetition at a slower rate of speech, rephrasing, and
repair.

26. Display question:
/dɪˈspleɪ/ /ˈkwɛstʃən/
 Meaning: a question which is not a real question.
Example: Is this a book? Yes, it’s a book.”
Students ask and answer simple display questions

27. Referential questions:
/ˌrefəˈrenʃəl/ /ˈkwɛstʃən/
 Meaning: a question which asks for information which is
not known to the teacher.
Example: What is your town like?
Learners ask their teacher referential questions.

28. Procedural texts:
/prəˈsiːdjʊrəl/ /tɛkst/
 Meaning: A procedural text is a text which gives
instructions on how to do something.
Example: itinerary guides, advice texts, savoir-faire
guides.
Danna explains instruction to make a delicious dish.
Then She writes a procedural texts.

29. Narrative texts
/ˈnærətɪv//tɛkst/
 Meaning: It is a kind of text to retell the story that past
tense. The purpose of the text is to entertain or to amuse
the readers or listeners about the story
 .
Example: They write a novel. They write a narrative
text.

30. Vocational domain:
/vəʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ /dəˈmeɪn/
 Meaning: it refers people’s activities and relations in
their occupations or professions.
Example: Teachers are a guide to students who went
through the vocational domain.

31. Realistic fiction
/ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ /ˈfɪkʃən/
 Meaning: It is fiction that uses imagined characters in
situations that either actually happened in real life.
Example: characters, settings, problems and events,
We discuss a problem and it is realistic fiction.

32. Persuasive texts:
/pəˈsweɪsɪv/ /tɛkst/
 Meaning: A type of writing that tries to convince or
persuade readers to embrace a particular point of view.
Example: Ana sees a movie review in a persuasive text.

33. Circumlocutions:
/ˌsɝkəmloʊˈkyuʃən/
 Meaning: a roundabout or indirect way of speaking; the
use of more words than necessary to express an idea.
Example: They have sufficient vocabulary to express
themselves with some circumlocutions on topics such
as family, and current events.

34. Salient politeness conventions:
/ˈseɪlɪənt/ /pəˈlaɪtnɪs/ /kənˈvɛnʃən/
 Meaning: particularly those affecting everyday life,
living conditions, interpersonal relations, and major
values and attitudes.
Example: Students will be aware of salient politeness
conventions of the foreign culture.

35. Persuasive essays:
/pəˈsweɪsɪv/ / ˈɛseɪ /
 Meaning: In persuasive or argumentative writing, we try
to convince others to agree with our facts, share our
values, accept our argument or conclusions and adopt
our way of thinking.
Example: A1 level won't be able to produce persuasive
essays.

36. relevant information
/ˈrɛlɪvənt/ /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən/
 Meaning: it involves determining the audience for
whom the text was produced and the attitudes and
communicative intentions of the author.
Example: In this text, there is relevant information.

37. Dead ends:
/dɛd/ /ɛnd/
 Meaning: a situation in which no progress can be made
or no advancement is possible;
Example: Reached an impasse on the negotiations. That
business is a dead end.

38. Jumpiness:
/ˈdʒʌmpi/
 Meaning: subject to sudden, involuntary starts, esp.
from nervousness, fear, excitement, etc.
Example: The long wait is making me jumpy.