Fixed orthodontic appliances are fixed directly to teeth and cannot be removed by patients. They are indicated for cases requiring multiple tooth movements like derotation and are contraindicated for patients with poor dental health or motivation. The appliances provide better control over tooth movement and include active components like separators, archwires, elastics and springs as well as passive components like bands, brackets and molar tubes that are fixed to teeth to transmit forces for movements like tipping, torqueing and rotation. Maintenance is more difficult than removable appliances.

1. FIXED ORTHODONTIC
APPLIANCES

2. INTRODUCTION
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances are called
so because they are fixed to the teeth
and cannot be removed by the patients.

3. INDICATION
 Indicated where multiple tooth
movements are required
e.g. derotation,
bodily movements of teeth
and controlled space closure.
CONTRAINDICATION
 Poorly motivated patient.
 In patient with poor dental health.
 In patient with poor periodontal health.

4. ADVANTAGES
 Various types of tooth movements are possible
 Multiple tooth movements are possible
 Better control over anchorage
 Used to treat complicated malocclusion

5. DISADVANTAGES
 Oral hygiene maintenance is difficult.
 More time consuming.
 More conspicuous.
 Require special training of operator.
 Expensive.
 Damaged appliances that apply mis-directed forces can’t be removed by patients.
 Greater possibility of producing adverse tooth movements.

6. The various tooth movements possible using fixed appliance
are:
 Tipping
 Bodily movement
 Torquing
 Uprighting
 Rotations
 Extrusion and Intrusion

8. Types of orthodontic
appliances
Removable
Active Passive
Fixed

9. COMPONENTS OF FIXED APPLIANCES
ACTIVE COMPONENTS
 Separator
 Arch wire
 Elastics
 Springs
PASSIVE COMPONENTS
 BANDS
 BRACKETS
 MOLAR TUBE
 ACCESSORIES
 LOCK PINS
 LIGATURE WIRES

10. ACTIVE COMPONENTS

11. SEPARATOR
 Orthodontic separators are known as spacer.
 They are made up from rubber bands or metal.
 Placed between molars
 Usually used to create spaces between teeth before placement of braces.

13. ARCH WIRE
 An orthodontic arch wire is a wire in similar shape of the alveolar or dental arch that can be
used with dental braces as a source of force in correcting irregularities in the position of the
teeth.
 Orthodontic arch wires may be fabricated from several alloys, most commonly stainless steel,
nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi), and beta-titanium alloy (composed of titanium and molybdenum)

14. CLASSIFICATION
Based on material used:
 Gold and Gold alloys
 Stainless steel
 Nickel Titanium alloys
 Beta titanium
 nickel alloys
 Optiflex arch wire
Based on cross section:
 Round
 Square
 Rectangle
 Twisted
 Coaxial

15. ELASTICS
 Elastics are made of latex rubber and are available in various
 diameter.
 The force applied by these elastic depends on its diameter.

16. SPRINGS
 It is used to bring about various tooth movements,

18. PASSIVE COMPONENTS

19. BANDS
 It helps in fixing the various attachments on to the teeth.
 The are made of from soft stainless steel.
 The attachments like molar tube and brackets are soldered or welded on to the band and
band will be cemented around the teeth.
 Prefabricated band are also available. The use of these bands reduces the chair side time by
eliminating tedious procedure like pinching.

20. BRACKETS
 Brackets acts as handles to transmit the force from the active component to
the teeth.
 Types of brackets:
 Edgewise brackets:
 Ribbon arch brackets:
 Weldable and bondable brackets:
 Metallic brackets:
 Ceramic brackets:
 Plastic brackets:

22. MOLAR TUBE
 Buccal tube can be weldable on to the bands or they can be bondable directly to the teeth.
 üBuccal tube can be round or rectangular.
 The buccal tube sometimes have double or triple tubes.
 These additional tubes for additional wires.

23. METHOD OF FIXING ATTACHMENT ON
THE TEETH

24. 1) Banding:
 Banding involves the use of thin stainless steel strips called bands that are
pinched tightly around the teeth and then cemented to the teeth.
 The stainless steel tape is available in different width and thickness to suit
different teeth.
 The molar band material is wider and stiffer
 Anterior band material is thinner and narrower.
 Steps:
 Separation of teeth
 Selection of band material
 Pinching of the band
 Fixing the attachments
 Cementation of band

26. 2)BONDING
 The method of fixing attachments directly over the enamel using adhesive resins is called
bonding

28. FIXED APPLIANCE TECHNIQUES
Tip edge technique
Begg appliance
Edgewise Appliance
Preadjusted Edgewise Appliance
Lingual
Aligners

29.  Tip edge technique

30.  Begg appliance

31.  Preadjusted edgewise
appliance

32. Lingual

33.  Aligners

34. THANK YOU