Fixed orthodontic appliances are attached directly to teeth through brackets and bands to precisely move teeth into proper alignment. These appliances use archwires placed in the brackets to apply controlled forces on teeth over time. The document discusses different types of fixed appliances like edgewise and straight wire systems as well as their components, placement, and use.
The document discusses the Combination Anchorage Technique (CAT) in orthodontics. CAT combines elements of the Begg technique using light wires in the gingival bracket slot with the straight wire technique using more rigid wires in the horizontal slot. The summary is:
1. CAT aims to use light wires in the gingival slot early in treatment for tooth movement, then transition to more rigid straight wires later for precise finishing.
2. Bracket and wire designs have improved to reduce friction and increase control of tooth movement. Tandem and dual flex wires provide flexibility and rigidity where needed.
3. Treatment involves phases using different wire positions and mechanics to efficiently align, level, retract,
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Combination anchorage technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
C a t presentation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The document discusses the Combination Anchorage Technique (CAT), which combines the Begg technique and straight wire technique. It has undergone improvements in recent years through more effective bracket and wire designs. CAT involves four treatment phases using different wires and slots to achieve alignment, leveling, torqueing, and finishing. The gingival slot allows for maximum tooth movement while the edge-wise slot provides rigidity. CAT can be adapted for various treatment plans by increasing resistance in one arch or using both gingival slots.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the Combination Anchorage Technique (CAT) in orthodontics. CAT combines elements of the Begg technique using light wires in the gingival bracket slot with the straight wire technique using more rigid wires in the horizontal slot. The summary is:
1. CAT aims to use light wires in the gingival slot early in treatment for tooth movement, then transition to more rigid straight wires later for precise finishing.
2. Bracket and wire designs have improved to reduce friction and increase control of tooth movement. Tandem and dual flex wires provide flexibility and rigidity where needed.
3. Treatment involves phases using different wire positions and mechanics to efficiently align, level, retract,
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Combination anchorage technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
C a t presentation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The document discusses the Combination Anchorage Technique (CAT), which combines the Begg technique and straight wire technique. It has undergone improvements in recent years through more effective bracket and wire designs. CAT involves four treatment phases using different wires and slots to achieve alignment, leveling, torqueing, and finishing. The gingival slot allows for maximum tooth movement while the edge-wise slot provides rigidity. CAT can be adapted for various treatment plans by increasing resistance in one arch or using both gingival slots.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A to-z-orthodontics-vol-13-fixed-appliancesSiffat Khan
The document provides information on the history and development of fixed orthodontic appliances. It discusses Dr. Edward Angle's contributions, including his development of E-arch, pin-tube, ribbon arch, and edgewise appliances. The key components of modern fixed appliances are described, along with their functions. This includes bands, brackets, wires, elastics, and other attachments. The document also outlines the advantages of fixed appliances and stages of fixed appliance treatment.
This document provides information on advancements in orthodontic materials and appliances. It discusses new bonding materials that are easier to use and provide better bond strength. It also describes newer types of orthodontic brackets, such as self-ligating brackets, esthetic brackets, and invisible aligners. The document outlines improvements in archwire materials, including shape-memory alloys that apply lighter continuous forces. It introduces new appliances for correcting malocclusions, such as bite jumping screws and arch developing springs.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tip edge (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Tip edge /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This slide give a detailed ideas of Tip Edge brackets, the propeller design advantages over beggs and conventional technique , tip edge plus brackets, side winders , anchor bends , historical prospective, Differential tooth movement, Dynamics of tip edge, Auxiliaries of tip edge brackets, bonding and setting up of tip edge brackets on the patient mouth, jigs in bonding, stage I, stage I objectives, setting up stage I ,stage I checks, D-SAT, (Differential Straight Arch technique),
invisible side winders, cuspid circle, re positioning of cuspid circle, Deep tunnel, Bracket used in non extraction, extraction series in first premolars ,extraction series in second premolar,
This document discusses the history and development of lingual orthodontic therapy. It notes that Kinya Fujita introduced the first lingual appliance system in the 1970s. It describes some of the initial challenges with lingual appliances, such as shear forces causing bracket failure and poor oral hygiene. Modern lingual brackets have been redesigned to address these issues through features like inclined planes and reduced profiles. The document also discusses the importance of precise bracket placement, which has benefited from techniques like indirect bonding using custom setups on diagnostic models. Lingual orthodontics continues to develop through organizations like the American Lingual Orthodontic Association established in 1987.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tip edge /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document provides an overview of fixed orthodontic appliances. It begins by defining fixed appliances as those that cannot be removed by the patient and have attachments fixed directly to the tooth surface. It then covers the indications and contraindications for fixed appliances, the differences between fixed and removable appliances, and common types of fixed appliances like edgewise and Begg appliances. The document discusses components of fixed appliances like bands, brackets, wires and auxiliaries. It provides details on topics like orthodontic bends, placement and removal of appliances, and problems that can arise.
This document provides a summary of the history and types of fixed orthodontic appliances. It begins by outlining several landmark fixed appliances developed since the early 20th century, including the standard edgewise appliance. It then describes the Begg appliance, which was developed to reduce anchorage demands. The document also discusses the Tip-Edge appliance and how it aimed to improve on precise finishing compared to the Begg appliance. Finally, it provides an overview of straight wire appliances and their development, including definitions of key terminology and features. In summary, the document traces the evolution of fixed orthodontic appliances and compares several major designs.
The stage iii of begg technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The document discusses the third stage of the Begg technique for orthodontic treatment. Stage III focuses on correcting the axial inclination of teeth through root tipping using torquing auxiliaries and uprighting springs. It maintains the corrections from stages I and II while achieving the desired mesiodistal and labiolingual inclinations of each tooth simultaneously. Stiffer base archwires and various auxiliary appliances like torquing bars and uprighting springs are used to tip roots into their proper positions while keeping crowns relatively stationary. The document provides details on the design and function of these appliances to achieve the treatment objectives of stage III.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tweed philosophy 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Modified beggs /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Tip edge applaince (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Fixed orthodontic appliances include devices that are fixed to tooth surfaces with attachments. Forces are exerted via archwires and auxiliaries attached to these devices. These appliances cannot be adjusted or removed by patients. Fixed appliances provide greater control over tooth movement compared to removable appliances, as teeth can be moved precisely in all three planes of space. Advantages include precise tooth control and ability to move multiple teeth simultaneously in different directions. Disadvantages include difficulty with oral hygiene, higher cost and chair time, and need for patient cooperation during treatment. Common components include bands, brackets, archwires, elastics, and springs.
A to-z-orthodontics-vol-13-fixed-appliancesSiffat Khan
The document provides information on the history and development of fixed orthodontic appliances. It discusses Dr. Edward Angle's contributions, including his development of E-arch, pin-tube, ribbon arch, and edgewise appliances. The key components of modern fixed appliances are described, along with their functions. This includes bands, brackets, wires, elastics, and other attachments. The document also outlines the advantages of fixed appliances and stages of fixed appliance treatment.
This document provides information on advancements in orthodontic materials and appliances. It discusses new bonding materials that are easier to use and provide better bond strength. It also describes newer types of orthodontic brackets, such as self-ligating brackets, esthetic brackets, and invisible aligners. The document outlines improvements in archwire materials, including shape-memory alloys that apply lighter continuous forces. It introduces new appliances for correcting malocclusions, such as bite jumping screws and arch developing springs.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tip edge (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Tip edge /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This slide give a detailed ideas of Tip Edge brackets, the propeller design advantages over beggs and conventional technique , tip edge plus brackets, side winders , anchor bends , historical prospective, Differential tooth movement, Dynamics of tip edge, Auxiliaries of tip edge brackets, bonding and setting up of tip edge brackets on the patient mouth, jigs in bonding, stage I, stage I objectives, setting up stage I ,stage I checks, D-SAT, (Differential Straight Arch technique),
invisible side winders, cuspid circle, re positioning of cuspid circle, Deep tunnel, Bracket used in non extraction, extraction series in first premolars ,extraction series in second premolar,
This document discusses the history and development of lingual orthodontic therapy. It notes that Kinya Fujita introduced the first lingual appliance system in the 1970s. It describes some of the initial challenges with lingual appliances, such as shear forces causing bracket failure and poor oral hygiene. Modern lingual brackets have been redesigned to address these issues through features like inclined planes and reduced profiles. The document also discusses the importance of precise bracket placement, which has benefited from techniques like indirect bonding using custom setups on diagnostic models. Lingual orthodontics continues to develop through organizations like the American Lingual Orthodontic Association established in 1987.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tip edge /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document provides an overview of fixed orthodontic appliances. It begins by defining fixed appliances as those that cannot be removed by the patient and have attachments fixed directly to the tooth surface. It then covers the indications and contraindications for fixed appliances, the differences between fixed and removable appliances, and common types of fixed appliances like edgewise and Begg appliances. The document discusses components of fixed appliances like bands, brackets, wires and auxiliaries. It provides details on topics like orthodontic bends, placement and removal of appliances, and problems that can arise.
This document provides a summary of the history and types of fixed orthodontic appliances. It begins by outlining several landmark fixed appliances developed since the early 20th century, including the standard edgewise appliance. It then describes the Begg appliance, which was developed to reduce anchorage demands. The document also discusses the Tip-Edge appliance and how it aimed to improve on precise finishing compared to the Begg appliance. Finally, it provides an overview of straight wire appliances and their development, including definitions of key terminology and features. In summary, the document traces the evolution of fixed orthodontic appliances and compares several major designs.
The stage iii of begg technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The document discusses the third stage of the Begg technique for orthodontic treatment. Stage III focuses on correcting the axial inclination of teeth through root tipping using torquing auxiliaries and uprighting springs. It maintains the corrections from stages I and II while achieving the desired mesiodistal and labiolingual inclinations of each tooth simultaneously. Stiffer base archwires and various auxiliary appliances like torquing bars and uprighting springs are used to tip roots into their proper positions while keeping crowns relatively stationary. The document provides details on the design and function of these appliances to achieve the treatment objectives of stage III.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tweed philosophy 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Modified beggs /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Tip edge applaince (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Fixed orthodontic appliances include devices that are fixed to tooth surfaces with attachments. Forces are exerted via archwires and auxiliaries attached to these devices. These appliances cannot be adjusted or removed by patients. Fixed appliances provide greater control over tooth movement compared to removable appliances, as teeth can be moved precisely in all three planes of space. Advantages include precise tooth control and ability to move multiple teeth simultaneously in different directions. Disadvantages include difficulty with oral hygiene, higher cost and chair time, and need for patient cooperation during treatment. Common components include bands, brackets, archwires, elastics, and springs.
A poster is a visual aid used for public display to convey a message. Effective posters have one main message, use color, and have large pictures and text that can be seen from 5 meters away. Posters should be displayed in public places at eye level and changed frequently to provide new information. They allow illiterate people to learn from pictures and serve as reminders, while also motivating discussion. However, posters only provide one-way communication and some may not be self-explanatory.
1. Relapse is defined as the loss of correction achieved by orthodontic treatment and can be caused by factors like periodontal ligament traction, growth changes, bone adaptation, and muscular forces.
2. Retention aims to maintain the corrected tooth positions long enough for stabilization and involves both short and long-term retention methods like removable retainers, fixed retainers, and functional appliances depending on the type of malocclusion.
3. The risk and type of relapse and retention needed varies depending on factors like the amount of tooth movement, growth remaining, and specific malocclusion like Class II or III corrections.
Bell's Palsey is an idiopathic lower motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve that causes sudden onset facial paralysis or weakness on one side of the face. It is caused by trauma or inflammation of the facial nerve from a viral infection. Common symptoms include an inability to smile, frown, or close one eye. Treatment focuses on resting, hydration, and potentially steroids or antivirals to reduce inflammation. Most cases resolve spontaneously within a few weeks, though eye drops and protective eyewear may be needed if blinking is impaired.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2. Contents
Introduction to Fixed Appliances
Indications & Contraindications of Fixed Appliances
Difference b/w Fixed & Removable Appliances
Types of Fixed Appliances
Orthodontic Bends in Fixed Appliances
Components along with Placement Removal of Fixed Appliances
Prevention & Treatment of White Spots after Orthodontic Tx.
Problems with Fixed Appliances
Temporary Anchorage Devices
4. Introduction to Fixed Appliances
These are orthodontic devices, which have attachments that are
fixed onto the tooth surface, and force are exerted on tooth via
these attachments using arch wires and other auxiliaries.
These appliances cannot be removed or activated by patient.
5. Indications of Fixed Appliances
▶ Correction of mild to
moderate skeletal
discrepancy.
▶ Intrusion/Extrusion of
teeth.
▶ Corrections of rotation.
▶ Overbite reduction by intrusion of
incisors.
▶ Multiple tooth movements
required in one arch.
▶ Active closure of extraction
space, or space due to
Hypodontia.
6. Contraindications of Fixed Appliances
Poorly motivated patient
Poor dental health
Extremely sever malocclusion requiring orthognathic surgery
7. Fixed V/S Removable Appliances
FIXED APPLIANCE REMOVABLE APPLIANCE
Precise 3 dimensional tooth movement Less precise control of tooth movement
Bodily tooth movement Tipping tooth movement only
Complex malocclusions can be treated Simple malocclusions only
High anchorage requirements Small anchorage requirements
Controlled space closure possible Space closure is difficult
Multiple tooth movements Few tooth movements
Can be used in upper or lower arch Retention in lower arch is poor
Simple to correct rotations More difficult to correct rotations
Oral hygiene can be problematic Can be removed for oral hygiene
Not dependent on patient’s compliance Depend on patient’s compliance
Long chair side time Short chair side time
8. Fixed Appliances
Contemporary fixed appliances are variations of Edge wise appliance system.
Straight wire appliance (law nence F Andrews)
Another system of fixed appliance is Begg appliance system.
It contains rectangular slot but does not use rectangular arch wire.
Currently Begg appliance system has been modified into Tip – Edge appliance
system.
Lingual orthodontic system by KURZ
10. Ribbon Arch ▶ It was made by Edward Angle.
▶ It contains vertically positioned
rectangular slots in which arch
wire of 10x20 gold wire was
placed into the vertical slots
and held with pins.
▶ It had poor control of root
position and does not
generated torque.
11. Edgewise
Angle modified that ribbon arch appliance,
in which he reoriented the slot from
vertical to horizontal and inserted a
rectangular wire rotated 90 degrees to
the orientation it had with ribbon arch,
thus the name edge wise.
The dimension in that slot were 22 x 28
mils & wire of 22 x 28 mil precious
metal was used.
12. Begg Appliance
It is a modification of ribbon arch appliance, in which Raymond
Begg modified following things in the appliance.
He replaced the precious metal ribbon arch with 16 mils round stainless
steel wire
He retained original ribbon arch bracket, but turned it upside down so
that the bracket pointed gingival rather occlusally.
He added auxiliary springs to the appliance for control of root position &
cause rotation in
tooth.
13. Advantages & Limitations of Begg Appliance
▶ Advantage of Begg Appliance
▶ Tipping movement
▶ Bite opening
▶ Friction was minimized
▶ Binding was minimized (mentioned in
chapter 9)
▶ Limitations of Begg Appliance
▶ Finishing
▶ Cumbersome Technique
14. Tip Edgewise Appliance
▶ It is a hybrid appliance having combination of Begg &
Edge wise
mechanics (straight wire mechanics of edge wise)
▶ It allows tipping of tooth in the initial stages of
treatment with round wires – Begg technique.
▶ In latter stages, rectangular wires are used for final tooth
positioning.
16. Modernedgewise appliances are of
two types;
▶Standard/Original Edge wise appliance
system
▶Straight wire/ Contemporary edgewise
appliance system
17. STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM
▶ Rotation of tooth was controlled
by separate ligatures tied to the
eyelets soldered to the corners of
bands
▶ Bracket slot size was 22 x 18
▶ Same bracket on all teeth
▶ That’s why bends were given to
compensate for difference in
tooth anatomy.
18. Bends in Standard Edgewise
18
• 1st order bends/In-out bend/facio-lingual
bends
• 2nd order bends/tip bends/ artistic bend
• 3rd order bends/torque bends
19. 1st order Bend OR in – out
bend OR facio – lingual bends
▶ This bend was given to compensate for variation in the
contour of labial surface of individual teeth (differing tooth
width & buccolingual direction of teeth).
▶ These bends are given in horizontal or in the plane of arch
wire.
▶ Can be given in rectangular or round wire
20. 2nd order bend/ tip bends/ artistic positioning
bends
▶ These bends were given to achieve proper
mesiodistal root position or tilting of teeth.
▶ They are given in vertical plane
▶ Can be given in rectangular or round wire.
21. 3rd order bends/ torque bends
▶ These bends are given only in rectangular wire.
▶ These bends are made by twisting the wire and is inserted
into bracket slot so that is can exert Bucco lingual force on the
root apex.
▶ These bends were given for moving the roots facially or
lingually and also to avoid movement of properly positioned
teeth.
24. Straight wire edgewise appliance
▶ They are modern edgewise appliances
▶ In these appliance rotation is not controlled by
separate ligature but it is built in the bracket itself.
▶ Bracket slot size is available in two forms;
▶ 18 x 28 mills & 22 x 28 mill slot size.
25. Straight wire edgewise appliance
Different brackets for different teeth.
This thing eliminated the bends which were given in standard edgewise.
In these appliances no any 1st order bend is given, instead,
compensation for the contour of labial surface of teeth is built into
the base of bracket.
In straight arch wire appliances, positioning of root is accomplished
by proper
angulation of bracket or bracket slot.
This thing decreased the need for 2nd order bends.
26. Straight wire edgewise appliance
The bracket slots in the straight wire edgewise
appliances are inclined to compensate for proper
inclination of facial surface, so that’s why 3rd order
bends are not given.
27. Straight wire edgewise
appliance
Diagram (a) shows an edgewise
bracket with a 2nd order bend
placed in the arch wire to achieve
the desired movement of tip.
Diagram (b) shows a pre –
adjusted bracket with tip built into
the bracket slot.
30. Orthodontic Bands
▶ These are the rings which encircle the tooth & to which buccal
and/or lingual attachments are soldered or welded.
▶ Before acid etching technique, brackets were attached on bands
which are then cemented on tooth.
▶ They are not used now days except only on molar teeth.
31. Indications Where Brackets Are Still Applied On Bands
▶ Teeth that will receive heavy
intermittent force;
▶ maxillary 1st molar in which force is
applied via headgear
▶ Teeth that will need both labial
and lingual attachments
▶ Molar with both headgear and
lingual arch
tube.
▶ Isolated lingual bracket.
▶ Teeth with short clinical
crowns
▶ Teeth with extensive
restoration
▶ Bond strength is low on
restorations.
▶ De bonding from porcelain
damages its appearance.
34. Separation
▶ Teeth must be separated before banding, because tight inter
proximal contacts make it impossible to properly seat a band.
▶ Principle of Separation; a device to force or wedge the teeth
apart is left in place long enough for initial tooth movement to
occur, so that the teeth are slightly separated by the
appointment at which bands are to be fitted.
36. Separating Springs
▶ They exert scissor action above and below the contact.
▶ Open the contact points within 1 week. Should not be placed more
than 1 week.
▶ Easier to tolerate.
▶ Disadvantages; these separators tend to become loose & fall out as
they accomplish their purpose.
37. Method of Separation with Steel
Separating Spring
A. The spring is grasped at the base.
B. The bent – over end of the longer leg is placed in lingual
embrasure, and the spring is pulled open so the shorter leg can
slip beneath the contact.
C. The spring in place, with the helix to the buccal.
D. The spring can be removed most easily by squeezing the helix,
forcing the legs
apart.
39. ELASTOMERIC SEPARATORS
(DOUGHNUTS)
▶ They surround the contact point & squeeze the teeth apart.
▶ More difficult to insert but they are retained for long time
without fall.
▶ Always use bright colored elastomeric separators
because they are radiolucent.
▶ They should be placed not more than 2 weeks.
40. Method of Separation with Elastomeric Ring
▶ the elastomeric ring is placed over the beaks of a special pliers and
stretched, then
▶ one side is snapped through the contact and the pliers slipped out so
that the doughnut now surrounds the contact; c,
▶ an alternative to the special pliers is two loops of dental floss,
placed so they can be used to stretch the ring.
▶ the dental floss is snapped through the contact and the doughnut is
pulled underneath the contact;
▶ the doughnut is pulled upward, and the doughnut is snapped into
position. at that point, the dental floss is removed.
42. Fitting the Bands
Maxillary molar band
placement
▶ placed initially by hand pressure
on the mesial & distal surfaces.
After placement
▶ pressure is applied on
mesiobuccal and
distolingual surfaces.
▶ Final seating is with heavy biting
force by patient on the
distolingual corner.
Mandibular molar band placement
▶ Seated initially with hand
pressure on proximal
surfaces and then with
▶ Heavy biting force along
the buccal but not lingual
margins.
43. Cementation of Molar Bands
▶ All interior surfaces of orthodontic band must be coated with cement
before it is placed.
▶ Place a gloved finger over the top of the band when it is carried to place,
to help in keeping cement on the gingival aspect of band.
▶ Cement Materials;
▶ Zinc phosphate
▶ GIC
▶ Resin modified GIC
48. Bonding of Bracket
Bonding is based on the
mechanical locking of an adhesive
to irregularities in the enamel
surface of the tooth and to
mechanical locks formed in the
base of bracket.
Brackets are mechanically bonded
to tooth surface. Chemical bonded
is avoided because it will create
problems in debonding of bracket
▶ Bonding
Materials in
Orthodontics
▶ Light cured bis – GMA resin
▶ Self-cured or light cured
composites
▶ GIC
▶ Less decalcification because of
fluoride
release
▶ Less strength & greater
chance of loos brackets
49. Types of Bonding Bracket
DIRECT BONDING
▶ places the brackets on
the teeth individually
at the chairside; and
▶ Advantages; easier, faster,
less expensive
▶ Disadvantage; no proper
position of bracket
INDIRECT BONDING
▶ places the brackets on study
models in the laboratory and
these are transferred to the teeth
using a positioning tray. it is used
when placing lingual fixed
appliances.
▶ Advantages
▶ greater accuracy of bracket
positioning
▶ Disadvantage
▶ extra cost and time
50. 1)Cleaning the tooth
surface, to remove
any pellicle using a
slow hand piece and
prophy brush or
cup;
2)Acid-etching the
enamel surface
using 37%
unbuffered
phosphoric acid for
20 – 30 seconds;
4)Placing unfilled
primer on the
etched area of the
tooth;
5. Placing composite
resin on the
bracket base
6. Positioning the
bracket on the
tooth crown
7. Cleaning up
excess composite
from around the
bracket base
8. Curing the
composite, either
chemically or with a
blue light source
Steps in Direct Bonding of Bracket
3. Washing and drying
the tooth surface
53. • The teeth are isolated, etched, and a chemically cured two-paste resin is painted on the
etched enamel and the brackets. Then, the transfer trays are inserted. D, After the resin
has completely set, the trays are carefully removed, leaving the brackets bonded to the
teeth.
• After the brackets are cured in the ideal position, a transfer tray is formed from a vinyl
polysiloxane putty
• The trays are removed from the working cast after soaking in warm water
and trimmed
• Brackets are placed precisely as desired on a cast of the teeth and held in place with
a filled resin.
56. Removal of Molar Band
▶Distort the band with force which
will break the cement away from
band & tooth and remove it.
57. Removal of Bracket
When bracket is one of the following things happen;
▶ Breakage b/w cement & bracket (preferred)
▶ Breakage within the cement material itself
▶ Breakage b/w enamel surface & cement (least desired)
The safest way to remove metal bracket is to distort the bracket base, which cause
breakage b/w bracket & cement.
▶ This damages the bracket and it cannot be reused.
▶ ceramic brackets on removal damages the enamel because they break before
bend.
61. Characteristics of Contemporary Brackets –
CERAMIC BRACKETS
▶ Durable, resist staining, dimensionally stable
▶ Types of ceramic bracket based on the material;
▶ Polycrystalline alumina
▶ Polycrystalline alumina with metal slot
▶ Monocrystalline alumina
62. Problems with Ceramic Brackets
▶ Fracture of bracket
▶ Friction within bracket slot
▶ Attrition on teeth contacting
the bracket
▶ That’s why mostly placed on
upper teeth only.
▶ Enamel damage on bracket
removal
▶ Chemical bonding which is
strong, mechanical bonding
difficult in ceramic bracket.
▶ Brittle, that’s why they are
made bulky and act as wide
bracket. (effects of wide
bracket learnt in 9th chapter)
64. Straight Wire Concept inBracket
▶ Compensation for 1st order
bends;
▶ For anterior teeth and premolars,
changing the bracket thickness
eliminate in – out bends in anterior
portion of arch wire. But molar
tube on molar bend should be
offset position to prevent molar
rotation.
65. Straight Wire Concept in Bracket
▶ Because for good occlusion, the buccal surface of molar
must sit at an angle to line of occlusion.
▶ Mesio buccal cusp more prominent
▶ That’s why the tube on the molar band should be at least
10 degree offset for maxillary molar.
▶ On mandibular molar it should be 5 – 7 degrees.
66. Straight Wire Concept inBracket
▶ A distal inclination or tip of the maxillary
first molar is important for proper
posterior occlusal interdigitating. If the
mesiobuccal cusp occludes in the mesial
groove of the mandibular first molar,
creating an apparently ideal Class I
relationship, proper interdigitating of the
premolars still cannot be obtained if the
molar is positioned too upright
▶ Tipping the molar distally allows
the premolars to interdigitate
properly
67. Self Ligating Brackets
▶ In this ligatures are
not needed for
holding wire, but the
mechanism for
retention of wire is
built within the
brackets.
▶ Types of self – ligating
brackets;
▶ Springy latching cap
▶ Smart clip system
▶ Springy retaining clips
▶ Innovation system
▶ Speed system
▶ Rigid latching caps
▶ Damon system
69. Orthodontic Archwires
▶ During initial alignment phase;
▶ NiTi wire
▶ Stainless steel wire
▶ Coaxial wire
▶ To complete the process of levelling, beginning of overbite
reduction, sliding of teeth along arch wire;
▶ Round Stainless steel wire
▶ Arch wires during the later stages of overbite reduction and for
space closure;
▶ Rectangular stainless steel wire
70. Orthodontic Archwires
▶ NiTi wire is ideal for aligning teeth during initial stages of Tx.
▶ However, for later stages, space closure & overbite reduction, NiTi cannot
be used.
▶ In the initial stages of treatment, a wire which is flexible with
good resistance to permanent deformation is desirable, so that
displaced teeth can be aligned without the application of
excessive forces.
71. Orthodontic Archwires
▶ Initial Alignment (minimum stiffness, maximum
range)
▶ Ni-Ti wire
▶ Multi-stranded wires
▶ Mid Treatment
▶ (Series of working wires with increasing stiffness and
reduced range)
▶ Finishing & Detailing
▶ (Maximum Stiffness, snuggly fit rectangular wire)
73. Auxiliaries
• ▶ Types of Auxiliaries;
• ▶Elastic bands
• ▶Wire ligatures
• ▶Intra oral elastics
• ▶Palatal or lingual
arches
• ▶Coiled springs
• ▶Powerchains
▶ They are used to apply active
forces for space opening or
closure.
▶ Elastic materials can be used for
intra-arch (intra-maxillary) space
closure, and springs constructed
from stainless steel or nickel
titanium can be used for space
opening.
74. Problems with Fixed Appliances
▶ Pain
▶ Tooth mobility
▶ Mucosal trauma
▶ Orthodontic wax can be used to cushion the wire
▶ Bracket failure
74
76. Indications of bone screws
▶ Positioning of individual teeth:
▶ Missing teeth – lack of anchorage
▶ Impacted teeth
▶ Position of groups of teeth;
▶ Space closure
▶ Major incisor retraction
▶ Incisor retraction & intrusion
▶ Mesial movement
▶ Maxillary & mandibular posterior teeth
▶ Entire mandibular arch
▶ Intrusion of anterior or posterior but not both simultaneously
77. Indications of miniplates
▶ Positioning groups of teeth.
▶ Distalization of entire maxillary & mandibular arch.
▶ Intrusion of anterior & posterior teeth
▶ Growth modification.
▶ Class III elastics, maxillary deficient child.
▶ Restriction of vertical maxillary growth.