The document outlines five teaching methods for foreign language education: 1) Grammar Translation Method, focusing on translation and grammar, with pros including use of first language for reference, and cons such as neglecting speaking skills. 2) Series Method, emphasizing direct experience and oral interaction but lacking grammatical explanations. 3) Direct Method, using only the target language but being teacher-centered; 4) Natural Method, grounded in informal learning but limited by lack of textbooks; and 5) Communicative Method, promoting interactive learning yet facing challenges in larger classes.

1. By: Hussain Al-ghawi 1
Five Teaching Methods/Theories
A. Mini Test One:
Q 1: Give A Definition For These Theories And List Advantage And Disadvantages
1. Grammar Translation Method: is a method of foreign or second language teaching which
uses translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities
A. Pros:
- The first language is the reference system in the learning the second language.
- Translation from one language to another plays a certain part in language learning.
- Comparison between the two languages helps students to have a better understanding of the
meaning of abstract words and complicated sentences.
- Fewer demands on teachers, although it often creates frustration for students.
B. Cons:
- Teaching the structure more than the language.
- Too much emphasis on reading and writing and neglects listening and speaking.
- Texts are mostly taken from literary works.
2. The Series Method: The series method is a variation of the direct method in that experience
are directly connected to the target language
A. Pros:
- Direct teaching without translation
- Lots of oral interaction
- Exclusive focus on the use of target language

2. By: Hussain Al-ghawi 1
B. Cons:
- The method based on one experience of Gouin’s nephew, three-year-old, and it doesn’t
consider main factors that involve in language acquisition, such as environment and age.
- No teaching of grammatical rules and explanation.
- Students learn sentences based on an action, not all meanings in language can be turned into
actions.
3. The Direct Method: A system of teaching a foreign language using only that language and
without emphasis on the study of grammar.
A. Pros:
- Only use the target language in teaching.
- Teachers must be good to apply this method.
- Pronunciation focus
B. Cons:
- Teacher-centered, students remain silent most the class period.
- No grammar teaching.
- Avoidance of the native tongue.
4. The Natural Method: Language teaching methods based on observation how learners acquire
both first and second languages in informal settings.
A. Pros:
- Focus on input
- More communication and less focus on grammar
- Teaching materials are designed very well.

3. By: Hussain Al-ghawi 1
B. Cons:
- No textbooks in this method, the teacher should collect class materials.
- Students cannot use the language accurately.
5. The Communicative Method: It is an approach teach a target language by interactive
situations and activities.
A. Pros:
- Only use the target language in teaching.
- Student-centered.
- Learning strategies not only the target language.
B. Cons:
- Hard to apply in classes of big number of students.
- Workload of the teacher.
- Doesn't work well in multicultural classrooms.