Fitness costs in spatially structured environments

1. Fitness costs in spatially structured environments F. Débarre @flodebarre Symposium : Evolutionary ecology of cooperation: theory and experiment Slides available at http://bit.ly/eseb15 F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

2. Evolution in a spatially structured environment F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

3. Evolution in a spatially structured environment Non spatial F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

4. Evolution in a spatially structured environment Non spatial F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

5. Evolution in a spatially structured environment Non spatial Spatial F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

6. Evolution in a spatially structured environment Non spatial Spatial Eects of spatial structure on the evolution of... Hamilton May Ferrière Le Galliard Pen Lion Lehmann Keller Lehmann Rousset Boots Sasaki Lion Boots Best et al. Débarre et al. F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

7. Living next to your kin is a double-edged sword F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

8. Living next to your kin is a double-edged sword Kin selection F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

9. Living next to your kin is a double-edged sword Kin selection Kin competition F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

10. Living next to your kin is a double-edged sword Kin selection Kin competition Taylor Wilson et al. F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

11. Living next to your kin is a double-edged sword Kin selection Kin competition Taylor Wilson et al. F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

12. Traits and costs There ain’t no such thing as a free lunch F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

13. Traits and costs There ain’t no such thing as a free lunch Susceptibility to disease Fecundity F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

14. Traits and costs There ain’t no such thing as a free lunch Susceptibility to disease Fecundity (c)Fastily Integumental defenses in Silkworms Mechanical defense against pathogens. Ashida Brey (c)CDC Humans vs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genetic variability in susceptibility. Cooke Hill F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

15. Traits and costs There ain’t no such thing as a free lunch Susceptibility to disease Fecundity (c)Fastily Integumental defenses in Silkworms Mechanical defense against pathogens. Ashida Brey (c)CDC Humans vs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genetic variability in susceptibility. Cooke Hill (c)Jpeccoud Aphids vs. endoparasitic wasps Positive relationship between fecundity and susceptibility to attack. Gwynn et al. (c)FrankVassen Collared flycatchers Immune response correlates negatively with reproductive success. Gustafsson et al. F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

16. Traits and costs There ain’t no such thing as a free lunch Susceptibility to disease Fecundity (c)Fastily Integumental defenses in Silkworms Mechanical defense against pathogens. Ashida Brey (c)CDC Humans vs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genetic variability in susceptibility. Cooke Hill (c)Jpeccoud Aphids vs. endoparasitic wasps Positive relationship between fecundity and susceptibility to attack. Gwynn et al. (c)FrankVassen Collared flycatchers Immune response correlates negatively with reproductive success. Gustafsson et al. F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

17. Outline Investigate the eects of spatial structure on the evolution of F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

18. Outline Investigate the eects of spatial structure on the evolution of Demographic parameters F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

19. Outline Investigate the eects of spatial structure on the evolution of Demographic parameters Host resistance against parasites F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

21. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

22. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

23. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = b ⇣ ⌘ p . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

24. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = b ⇣ ( gR) ⌘ p . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

25. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = b ⇣ ( gR) q | ⌘ p . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

26. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR ⌘ p . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

27. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

28. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

29. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

30. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p . Add mutant , with parameters (b + @b, d + @d) F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

31. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = (b + @b) ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p (d + @d) p . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

32. Demographic parameters (fecundity, mortality) dp dt = (b + @b) ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p (d + @d) p . Can the mutant invade the population? F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

33. Can the mutant invade the population? @b and @d  Selection gradient F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

34. Can the mutant invade the population? @b and @d  Selection gradient @R = @b d b @d + ( gR) b @q | . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

35. Can the mutant invade the population? @b and @d  Selection gradient @R = @b d b @d + ( gR) b @q | . Self F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

36. Can the mutant invade the population? @b and @d  Selection gradient @R = @b d b @d + ( gR) b @q | . Demographic structure Self F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

39. Can the mutant invade the population? @b and @d  Selection gradient @R = @b d b @d + ( gR) b @q | .  Demographic structure Self F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

40. Can the mutant invade the population? @b and @d  Selection gradient @R = @b d b @d + ( gR) b @q | .  Demographic structure Self F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

41. Can the mutant invade the population? @b and @d  Selection gradient @R = @b d b @d + ( gR) b @q | .  Demographic structure Self Non spatial gR = F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

42. Can the mutant invade the population? @b and @d  Selection gradient @R = @b d b @d + ( gR) b @q | . Demographic structure Self 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 Selectiongradient Fecundity Non spatial gR = F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

43. Can the mutant invade the population? @b and @d  Selection gradient @R = @b d b @d + ( gR) b @q | .  Demographic structure Self 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 Selectiongradient Fecundity Non spatial gR = Spatial gR = F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

47. Outline Investigate the eects of spatial structure on the evolution of Demographic parameters F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

49. Epidemiological model F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

50. Epidemiological model dp dt =b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p , . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

51. Epidemiological model dp dt =b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p ⇣ ⌘ p , . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

52. Epidemiological model dp dt =b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p ⇣ ( gT) ⌘ p , . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

53. Epidemiological model dp dt =b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p ⇣ ( gT) q | ⌘ p , . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

54. Epidemiological model dp dt =b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p ↵ ⇣ ( gT) q | ⌘ p , . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

55. Epidemiological model dp dt =b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p ↵ ⇣ ( gT) q | + gT ⌘ p , . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

56. Epidemiological model dp dt =b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p ↵ ⇣ ( gT) q | + gT p ⌘ p , . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

57. Epidemiological model dp dt =b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p ↵ ⇣ ( gT) q | + gT p ⌘ p , dp dt = ↵ ⇣ ( gT) q | + gT p ⌘ p . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

58. Epidemiological model dp dt =b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p ↵ ⇣ ( gT) q | + gT p ⌘ p , dp dt = ↵ ⇣ ( gT) q | + gT p ⌘ p (d + ⌫) p . F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

59. Epidemiological model dp dt =b ⇣ ( gR) q | + gR p ⌘ p d p ↵ ⇣ ( gT) q | + gT p ⌘ p , dp dt = ↵ ⇣ ( gT) q | + gT p ⌘ p (d + ⌫) p . Add mutant , with parameters (↵ + @↵, b + @b) F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

62. Can the mutant invade the population? Selection gradient F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

71. Can the mutant invade the population? Selection gradient @R = @b ⇣ ( gR) q⇤ | + gR p⇤ ⌘ @↵ ⇣ ( gT) q⇤ | + gT p⇤ ⌘ Self + ( gR) b @q | Demographic structure ( gT) @(qI’|S’ + qI|S’) ↵ . Epidemiological structure Ecology matters as well! F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

72. Trait and cost F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

73. Trait and cost = Susceptibility to the disease ↵ Fecundity b F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

74. Trait and cost = Susceptibility to the disease ↵ Fecundity b 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 4 5 6 7 8 submat00$pr birth(submat00$pr) Susceptibility (α) Fecundity(b) Trade-o F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

75. Trait and cost = Susceptibility to the disease ↵ Fecundity b @R .cm = @R .cm + @R .cm F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

76. Trait and cost = Susceptibility to the disease ↵ Fecundity b @R .cm = @R .cm + @R .cm Compare selection gradients @R Non spatial gR = gT = : all interactions are global Spatial gR = gT = : all interactions are local F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

77. Selection gradients @R .cm @R .cm @R .cm = + F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

78. Selection gradients 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 −0.010 −0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 Susceptibility (α) Selectiongradient @R .cm @R .cm @R .cm = + Non spatial @RNS = Self Spatial @RS = Self Demo. Epi. F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

79. Selection gradients 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 −0.010 −0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 Susceptibility (α) Selectiongradient @R .cm @R .cm @R .cm = + Non spatial @RNS = Self Spatial @RS = Self Demo. Epi. F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

80. Selection gradients 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 −0.010 −0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 Susceptibility (α) Selectiongradient 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 −0.010 −0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 Susceptibility (α) Selectiongradient @R .cm @R .cm @R .cm = + Non spatial @RNS = Self Spatial @RS = Self Demo. Epi. F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

85. Selection gradients 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 −0.010 −0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 Susceptibility (α) Selectiongradient 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 −0.010 −0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 Susceptibility (α) Selectiongradient 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 −0.010 −0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 Susceptibility (α) Selectiongradient @R .cm @R .cm @R .cm = + Non spatial @RNS = Self Spatial @RS = Self Demo. Epi. F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

93. With other parameters @R .cm = @R .cm + @R .cm F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

94. With other parameters @R .cm = @R .cm + @R .cm −0.01 −0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0 500 1000 1500 0 500 1000 1500 Selection gradient Density(∂RSand∂RNS) Density(∂RS−∂RNS) .cm @RS @RNS, @RS, @RNS. F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

95. With other parameters @R .cm = @R .cm + @R .cm −0.01 −0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0 500 1000 1500 0 500 1000 1500 Selection gradient Density(∂RSand∂RNS) Density(∂RS−∂RNS) .cm @RS @RNS, @RS, @RNS. −0.01 −0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0 250 500 750 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Selection gradient Density(∂RSand∂RNS) Density(∂RS−∂RNS) .cm F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

96. With other parameters @R .cm = @R .cm + @R .cm −0.01 −0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0 500 1000 1500 0 500 1000 1500 Selection gradient Density(∂RSand∂RNS) Density(∂RS−∂RNS) .cm @RS @RNS, @RS, @RNS. −0.01 −0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0 250 500 750 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Selection gradient Density(∂RSand∂RNS) Density(∂RS−∂RNS) .cm −0.01 −0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0 250 500 750 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Selection gradient Density(∂RSand∂RNS) Density(∂RS−∂RNS) .cmF. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

97. Take Home Messages I When reproduction is density-dependent, fitness costs are less costly in a spatial setting than in a non-spatial setting; F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

98. Take Home Messages I When reproduction is density-dependent, fitness costs are less costly in a spatial setting than in a non-spatial setting; I Need to consider costs not just as costs, but as correlated traits , and study their evolution as well. @R = @R + @R F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

99. Take Home Messages I When reproduction is density-dependent, fitness costs are less costly in a spatial setting than in a non-spatial setting; I Need to consider costs not just as costs, but as correlated traits , and study their evolution as well. @R = @R + @R I For more details, see F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

100. Take Home Messages I When reproduction is density-dependent, fitness costs are less costly in a spatial setting than in a non-spatial setting; I Need to consider costs not just as costs, but as correlated traits , and study their evolution as well. @R = @R + @R I For more details, see Acknowledgements F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

101. Take Home Messages I When reproduction is density-dependent, fitness costs are less costly in a spatial setting than in a non-spatial setting; I Need to consider costs not just as costs, but as correlated traits , and study their evolution as well. @R = @R + @R I For more details, see Acknowledgements and you for your attention! F. Débarre Costs in Space ESEB – -- /

Fitness costs in spatially structured environments

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Fitness costs in spatially structured environments