FISHERIES QUESTION BANK (4th sem)
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2nd year 4th sem short question bank for midterm and final examination of B.F.Sc course. Best study material for preparation of midterm and final examination of fisheries.
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Advances in design and construction of freshwater hatcheries
Advances in design and construction of freshwater hatcheriesCollege of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Carp hatcheries have contributed to a large increase in fish seed production in India from 6,321 million fry in 1985-86 to over 37,000 million fry currently. The document discusses the history and developments of different types of carp hatchery designs used in India and other countries, including hatching pits, hapa, glass jar hatcheries, LDPE models, and Chinese circular hatcheries. It provides details on the components, operation, advantages and disadvantages of these various hatchery designs.ALL TYPE OF FISH DISEASES
The document provides information on fish health management including:
1. Common bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal diseases that affect fish and crustaceans such as vibriosis, monodon baculovirus disease, white spot syndrome, and saprolegniasis.
2. The causative agents and symptoms of important infectious bacterial diseases in fish including hemorrhagic septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, furunculosis caused by A. salmonicida, and saddleback disease caused by Flexibacter columnaris.
3. Nutritional diseases in fish that result from deficiencies of proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals and the signs associated with each.
4
Mud crab farming tarang shah
1. Mud crabs, commonly known as Scylla serrata and Scylla tranquebarica, are found along the coasts of India, particularly in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. Mud crab farming is an important industry in several Southeast Asian countries.
2. The document provides details on mud crab habitat and feeding habits, reproduction, and different farming techniques such as pond culture, pen culture, and cage culture. It also discusses economic considerations of mud crab culture and fattening.
3. Mud crab farming can be a profitable activity, with net profits of over Rs. 1 lakh possible per crop using various culture methods over 4-7 months.
Penaeus vannamei grow-out culture
Penaeus vannamei, also known as whiteleg shrimp, is native to tropical marine areas with water temperatures above 20°C. It can be grown extensively, semi-intensively, or intensively. Extensive systems stock at low densities and rely mainly on natural foods, while intensive systems stock at high densities, use aeration, and feed artificial diets multiple times per day. Stocking densities, pond size and depth, feeding rates, and harvesting methods vary between the different culture systems. Diseases are controlled through good pond management practices like drying and screening ponds between crops.
Soil and water interaction__Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil and Wate...
In terms of successful and sustainable development of aquaculture two prospects are most important soil and water quality parameters management and its interaction process understanding.
Selection of the site for pond construction soil plays a key role. Soil type, water holding capacity, organic matter, available nutrients and chemical composition of soil these parameters are optimum level is required for aquaculture suitable site.
After water filling of the pond water parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness and total ammoniacal nitrogen interact with soil composition. That things are also dependent on climatic conditions and weather patterns.
Food and feeding habit of shellfishes
This document discusses the food and feeding habits of various shellfish species. It begins by defining shellfish and dividing them into two phyla - Arthropoda and Mollusca. For each major shellfish type (crustaceans, bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods), the document provides examples of species and describes their classification, distribution, habitat, and food/feeding behaviors. Specific species covered include crabs, shrimp, lobsters, clams, mussels, oysters, and pearl oysters. The document emphasizes that most shellfish are filter feeders that consume plankton, algae, plants, and small aquatic organisms.
Ornamental fish breeding
The document discusses the global ornamental fish trade and breeding of popular species. It provides details on the production of egg-laying fish like goldfish and angel fish which require different care depending on parental behaviors. Methods for breeding live-bearing fish such as guppies, platies, swordtails and mollies are also outlined, noting internal fertilization and live birth of young.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Recommended
Advances in design and construction of freshwater hatcheries
Advances in design and construction of freshwater hatcheriesCollege of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Carp hatcheries have contributed to a large increase in fish seed production in India from 6,321 million fry in 1985-86 to over 37,000 million fry currently. The document discusses the history and developments of different types of carp hatchery designs used in India and other countries, including hatching pits, hapa, glass jar hatcheries, LDPE models, and Chinese circular hatcheries. It provides details on the components, operation, advantages and disadvantages of these various hatchery designs.ALL TYPE OF FISH DISEASES
The document provides information on fish health management including:
1. Common bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal diseases that affect fish and crustaceans such as vibriosis, monodon baculovirus disease, white spot syndrome, and saprolegniasis.
2. The causative agents and symptoms of important infectious bacterial diseases in fish including hemorrhagic septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, furunculosis caused by A. salmonicida, and saddleback disease caused by Flexibacter columnaris.
3. Nutritional diseases in fish that result from deficiencies of proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals and the signs associated with each.
4
Mud crab farming tarang shah
1. Mud crabs, commonly known as Scylla serrata and Scylla tranquebarica, are found along the coasts of India, particularly in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. Mud crab farming is an important industry in several Southeast Asian countries.
2. The document provides details on mud crab habitat and feeding habits, reproduction, and different farming techniques such as pond culture, pen culture, and cage culture. It also discusses economic considerations of mud crab culture and fattening.
3. Mud crab farming can be a profitable activity, with net profits of over Rs. 1 lakh possible per crop using various culture methods over 4-7 months.
Penaeus vannamei grow-out culture
Penaeus vannamei, also known as whiteleg shrimp, is native to tropical marine areas with water temperatures above 20°C. It can be grown extensively, semi-intensively, or intensively. Extensive systems stock at low densities and rely mainly on natural foods, while intensive systems stock at high densities, use aeration, and feed artificial diets multiple times per day. Stocking densities, pond size and depth, feeding rates, and harvesting methods vary between the different culture systems. Diseases are controlled through good pond management practices like drying and screening ponds between crops.
Soil and water interaction__Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil and Wate...
In terms of successful and sustainable development of aquaculture two prospects are most important soil and water quality parameters management and its interaction process understanding.
Selection of the site for pond construction soil plays a key role. Soil type, water holding capacity, organic matter, available nutrients and chemical composition of soil these parameters are optimum level is required for aquaculture suitable site.
After water filling of the pond water parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness and total ammoniacal nitrogen interact with soil composition. That things are also dependent on climatic conditions and weather patterns.
Food and feeding habit of shellfishes
This document discusses the food and feeding habits of various shellfish species. It begins by defining shellfish and dividing them into two phyla - Arthropoda and Mollusca. For each major shellfish type (crustaceans, bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods), the document provides examples of species and describes their classification, distribution, habitat, and food/feeding behaviors. Specific species covered include crabs, shrimp, lobsters, clams, mussels, oysters, and pearl oysters. The document emphasizes that most shellfish are filter feeders that consume plankton, algae, plants, and small aquatic organisms.
Ornamental fish breeding
The document discusses the global ornamental fish trade and breeding of popular species. It provides details on the production of egg-laying fish like goldfish and angel fish which require different care depending on parental behaviors. Methods for breeding live-bearing fish such as guppies, platies, swordtails and mollies are also outlined, noting internal fertilization and live birth of young.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Life cycle of mud crab
1) Mud crabs undergo a complex life cycle beginning as larvae called zoea, which go through five zoeal stages and one megalopal stage before metamorphosing into juvenile crabs.
2) As juveniles, they migrate to estuaries where they mature over 18-24 months. Mature males and females mate, after which the females migrate offshore to spawn millions of eggs.
3) The eggs hatch into zoea larvae, restarting the cycle, with spawning occurring year-round in the tropics and during late spring to mid-autumn in subtropical and warm temperate areas.
Fishing gears
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Fishing gears are defined as tools used to capture marine/aquatic resources, whereas how the gear is used is the fishing method.
Fresh and marine fish and shell fish
The document lists the various species of fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and other marine animals found in Indian waters. It includes the scientific names and common names of species from several families, including carps, catfish, snakeheads, prawns, crabs, lobsters, mollusks, sharks, rays and others. The document appears to be providing an overview of the different types of freshwater and marine organisms available in India for industrial fish and fisheries.
Coldwater fisheries ppt
The cold water fisheries deal with fisheries activity in water where temperature of water ranges from 5 to 25 degrees centigrade. The water temperature under cold water fisheries should not be more than 25°C even in summer. Such conditions in India occur in Himalayan and peninsular regions.
9 Finest Coldwater Aquarium Fish
Orangethroat Darter.
Three-Spined Stickleback.
Orange-Spotted Sunfish.
Diamond Sturgeon.
Siberian Sturgeon.
Sterlet.
Fathead Minnow.
Southern redbelly dace.
Tench.
Rosy Barb. Hailing from Afghanistan and Bangladesh, this little fish is tolerant of temperatures in …
Gold Barb. The gold bard, or Chinese barb, is an extremely popular cold-water fish. Any aquarium …
Two Spot Barb. This fish hails from Nepal, India, and Pakistan. The omnivorous two spot barb …
Bloodfin Tetra. Natives to Southern Brazil and Paraguay, both the standard bloodfin .
Coldwater fish in terms of the aquarium trade refers to any fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures. The optimal temperatures for these fish hover around the 68-degree mark, although each species’ temperature range may vary from the norm.
Traditional aquaculture in india
Traditional aquaculture practices have been used in India for centuries, as documented in ancient texts. These include brackish water shrimp and fish farming using tidal flows. In western India, Bhery culture involves constructing ponds surrounded by earthen dykes, with sluice gates to control tidal water entry and drainage. Sea water and naturally occurring plankton and organic matter support fish growth. In southern India, Pokkali fields use similar tidal flooding of rice paddies for shrimp culture after the rice is harvested. These traditional low-input methods continue today in some areas, though productivity is low.
Brood stock management and larval rearing of mud crab scylla serrata-Gayatri ...
This document provides information about the mud crab Scylla serrata, including its natural range, classification, life stages, and aquaculture practices. Key points include:
- S. serrata is an economically important crab species found in mangroves and estuaries in Africa, Australia, and Asia.
- Its life stages include juvenile, subadult, and adult crabs that inhabit different zones, as well as larvae and megalopae.
- Aquaculture of S. serrata involves maintaining broodstock for breeding and larval rearing, then culturing megalopae through to market size in ponds. Proper water quality, feeding, and health management are
Fishing crafts
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Biology and Aquaculture Pearl spot E. suratensis
This document provides information on the biology, aquaculture, and culture of Pearl spot fish. Some key points:
- Pearl spot is an indigenous fish found along India's coasts that is important for aquaculture. It is cultured in brackishwater and freshwater environments.
- Details are provided on its classification, life cycle, breeding/spawning behavior, hatchery seed production techniques, and pond preparation for culturing.
- For grow-out culture, Pearl spot can attain market size within 8-10 months under monoculture or polyculture. Yields of 1,000 kg/ha/year are possible at stocking densities of 20,000-30,000 fish/ha. Pro
Aquarium acessories, ritesh
The document discusses the various hardware accessories needed to maintain an aquarium ecosystem. It describes essential accessories like filters, heaters, aerators, and lighting, which work to control water quality and temperature. Filters are further divided into mechanical, chemical, and biological filters that remove waste, alter water chemistry, and support the nitrogen cycle. The document also mentions other common accessories like gravel, plants, air stones, and decorative toys. All of these work together to create suitable habitat conditions for aquatic life.
Culture of air breathing fishes
This document discusses several species of fish that are important as food sources, including murrels (Channa marulius, C. punctatus, C. striatus), singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis), magur (Clarias batrachus), and climbing perch (Anabas testudineus). It provides details on their maximum sizes, habitat, breeding seasons and methods, and notes their nutritional and economic value.
Role of microrganisms in aquaculture. c
1. Microorganisms play several key roles in aquaculture including productivity, nutrient cycling, decomposition, mineralization, and waste water treatment.
2. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, phytoplankton, and zooplankton are important microorganisms that contribute to these processes. They drive processes like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling that make nutrients available to aquatic organisms.
3. Microorganisms decompose organic matter into inorganic nutrients and are also involved in waste water treatment through biodegradation and bioremediation processes that break down pollutants. Their roles are vital for a balanced and productive aquaculture ecosystem.
Breeding and seed production of Giant tiger prawn ppt
Penaeus monodon, commonly known as the giant tiger prawn or Asian tiger shrimp, is a marine crustacean that is widely reared for food.
Inland fisheries 2nd sem (full sylabus)
The document discusses global and Indian freshwater fish biodiversity. It notes that freshwater ecosystems account for only 1% of the Earth's surface but contain around 12,000 exclusively freshwater fish species. India is home to over 2,400 fish species, including 223 that are endemic. The major groups of freshwater fish found in India are carp, live fish, catfish, clupeids, mullets, featherbacks, loaches, eels, glassfish and gobies. Coldwater fish biodiversity includes species found in the Himalayas and Deccan plateau, while warm waters harbor over 500 species across various river systems.
Therapeutants in aquaculture
This document discusses therapeutants and pesticides used in aquaculture. It outlines various compounds used as drugs, disinfectants, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, anesthetics, and more. Specific compounds are discussed in detail, including their mechanisms of action, recommended dosages, and effects on fish and aquatic life. A wide range of chemicals are presented, along with factors to consider for safe and effective use in aquaculture operations.
Molluscan fisheries
So this is a visual PPT, made with reference book - Applied Fishery Science By S.M Shafi and most of the data was collected from FAO and CMFRI . Molluscan fisheries here in this PPT is related with India so most of the organisms are indigenous. Have a look . It would be pictorial but once you know about the topic it's the best
FISH DISEASES AND THEIR TYPES
Different types of fish diseases phase during fish culture and Aquafarming.
Read about Symptoms and causes in fish and than treat their disease.
Hatchery management of Trout & present status in india ,ritesh
This document discusses seed production of trout. It describes the reproductive biology of trout and important trout species. It then outlines the different units of a trout hatchery - the broodstock unit, egg taking and milt collection unit, incubation unit, and larval rearing unit. It provides details on the processes that take place in each unit, including water quality parameters and incubation times. Lastly, it reviews the current status and production of trout farming in India and provides strategies to improve the industry.
Control of aquatic weeds
This document discusses various methods for controlling aquatic weeds in freshwater fish ponds and water bodies. It describes how aquatic weeds compete with fish for oxygen and food, providing habitat for predators. Free-floating weeds can be removed by hand-picking or netting and then burning to eliminate seeds. Emergent and submerged weeds with roots are harder to remove but can be controlled using weed harvesters, chemicals like paraquate and ammonia, or biological controls like introducing grass carp that eat the weeds. Algal blooms also need to be controlled as they can smother fish and deplete oxygen. Proper pond maintenance helps prevent issues with aquatic weeds and algae.
Cage culture
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish within mesh enclosures in existing water bodies like ponds, rivers, and oceans. Some key advantages are the flexibility to use different water resources with minimal initial investment. However, there are also disadvantages like the need for complete diets, high risk of disease transmission due to crowding, potential for localized water quality issues, and limitations to production yields. Cage aquaculture has rapidly expanded in recent decades and continues to adapt to growing global demand through clustering cages and developing more intensive cage farming systems.
Lobstar culture and its management
This document provides information on lobster culture and its management. It discusses the important lobster species for culture, their habitat and feeding habits. It describes the breeding technology, seed collection methods, and hatchery and nursery management practices. Grow-out can be done using land-based tanks or sea cages. Key water quality parameters and stocking densities are outlined. Finally, common diseases affecting farmed lobsters are identified along with control measures.
INTEGRATED FISH FARMING & MANAGEMENT
The principle of integrated fish farming involves farming of fish along with livestock or/and agricultural crops.. This type of farming offers great efficiency in resource utilization, as waste or by product from one system is
effectively recycled. It also enables effective utilization of available farming space for maximizing production.
•The rising cost of protein-rich fish food and chemical fertilizers
as well as the general concern for energy conservation have created awareness in the utilization of rice and other crop fields and livestock wastes for fish culture. Fish culture in combination with agriculture or livestock is a unique and lucrative venture and provides a higher farm income, makes available a cheap source of protein for the
rural population, increases productivity on small land-holdings
and increases the supply of feeds for the farm livestock.
Scope of Integrated Fish Farming
The scope of integrated farming is considerably
wide. Ducks and geese are raised in pond, and pond- dykes are used for horticultural and agricultural
crop products and animal rearing.
The system provides meat, milk, eggs, fruits,
vegetables, mushroom, fodder and grains, in
addition to fish.
Hence this system provides better production, provides more employment, and improves socio- economic status of farmers and betterment of rural economy.
Classification of Integrated Fish Farming
Integrated fish farming can be broadly classified into two, namely Agriculture-fish and Livestock-fish systems
Agriculture-fish systems- Agri-based systems include rice-fish integration,
horticulture-fish system, mushroom- fish system, seri-fish system.
Livestock-fish systems- Livestock-fish system includes cattle-fish system, system, pig-fish system, poultry-fish system, duck-fish system, goat-fish system, rabbit-fish system.
INTEGRATED FISH FARMING
Integrated fish farming systems refer to the production, integrated management and comprehensive use of aquaculture, agriculture and livestock, with an emphasis on aquaculture. Asia has a long and rich history of integrated fish farming. Written records from the first and second centuries B.C. documented the integration of aquatic plant cultivation and fish farming. From the ninth century, records showed fish farming in the paddy field. From the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, there were records of rotation of fish and grass culture; and by the 1620s, the mulberry-dike fishpond, the integration of fish and livestock farming and complex systems of multiple enterprises integrated with fish farming were developed. Integrated fish farming is the methods by which fish is cultured along with paddy, piggery, poultry or any livestock, or flower culture.
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Life cycle of mud crab
1) Mud crabs undergo a complex life cycle beginning as larvae called zoea, which go through five zoeal stages and one megalopal stage before metamorphosing into juvenile crabs.
2) As juveniles, they migrate to estuaries where they mature over 18-24 months. Mature males and females mate, after which the females migrate offshore to spawn millions of eggs.
3) The eggs hatch into zoea larvae, restarting the cycle, with spawning occurring year-round in the tropics and during late spring to mid-autumn in subtropical and warm temperate areas.
Fishing gears
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Fishing gears are defined as tools used to capture marine/aquatic resources, whereas how the gear is used is the fishing method.
Fresh and marine fish and shell fish
The document lists the various species of fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and other marine animals found in Indian waters. It includes the scientific names and common names of species from several families, including carps, catfish, snakeheads, prawns, crabs, lobsters, mollusks, sharks, rays and others. The document appears to be providing an overview of the different types of freshwater and marine organisms available in India for industrial fish and fisheries.
Coldwater fisheries ppt
The cold water fisheries deal with fisheries activity in water where temperature of water ranges from 5 to 25 degrees centigrade. The water temperature under cold water fisheries should not be more than 25°C even in summer. Such conditions in India occur in Himalayan and peninsular regions.
9 Finest Coldwater Aquarium Fish
Orangethroat Darter.
Three-Spined Stickleback.
Orange-Spotted Sunfish.
Diamond Sturgeon.
Siberian Sturgeon.
Sterlet.
Fathead Minnow.
Southern redbelly dace.
Tench.
Rosy Barb. Hailing from Afghanistan and Bangladesh, this little fish is tolerant of temperatures in …
Gold Barb. The gold bard, or Chinese barb, is an extremely popular cold-water fish. Any aquarium …
Two Spot Barb. This fish hails from Nepal, India, and Pakistan. The omnivorous two spot barb …
Bloodfin Tetra. Natives to Southern Brazil and Paraguay, both the standard bloodfin .
Coldwater fish in terms of the aquarium trade refers to any fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures. The optimal temperatures for these fish hover around the 68-degree mark, although each species’ temperature range may vary from the norm.
Traditional aquaculture in india
Traditional aquaculture practices have been used in India for centuries, as documented in ancient texts. These include brackish water shrimp and fish farming using tidal flows. In western India, Bhery culture involves constructing ponds surrounded by earthen dykes, with sluice gates to control tidal water entry and drainage. Sea water and naturally occurring plankton and organic matter support fish growth. In southern India, Pokkali fields use similar tidal flooding of rice paddies for shrimp culture after the rice is harvested. These traditional low-input methods continue today in some areas, though productivity is low.
Brood stock management and larval rearing of mud crab scylla serrata-Gayatri ...
This document provides information about the mud crab Scylla serrata, including its natural range, classification, life stages, and aquaculture practices. Key points include:
- S. serrata is an economically important crab species found in mangroves and estuaries in Africa, Australia, and Asia.
- Its life stages include juvenile, subadult, and adult crabs that inhabit different zones, as well as larvae and megalopae.
- Aquaculture of S. serrata involves maintaining broodstock for breeding and larval rearing, then culturing megalopae through to market size in ponds. Proper water quality, feeding, and health management are
Fishing crafts
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Biology and Aquaculture Pearl spot E. suratensis
This document provides information on the biology, aquaculture, and culture of Pearl spot fish. Some key points:
- Pearl spot is an indigenous fish found along India's coasts that is important for aquaculture. It is cultured in brackishwater and freshwater environments.
- Details are provided on its classification, life cycle, breeding/spawning behavior, hatchery seed production techniques, and pond preparation for culturing.
- For grow-out culture, Pearl spot can attain market size within 8-10 months under monoculture or polyculture. Yields of 1,000 kg/ha/year are possible at stocking densities of 20,000-30,000 fish/ha. Pro
Aquarium acessories, ritesh
The document discusses the various hardware accessories needed to maintain an aquarium ecosystem. It describes essential accessories like filters, heaters, aerators, and lighting, which work to control water quality and temperature. Filters are further divided into mechanical, chemical, and biological filters that remove waste, alter water chemistry, and support the nitrogen cycle. The document also mentions other common accessories like gravel, plants, air stones, and decorative toys. All of these work together to create suitable habitat conditions for aquatic life.
Culture of air breathing fishes
This document discusses several species of fish that are important as food sources, including murrels (Channa marulius, C. punctatus, C. striatus), singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis), magur (Clarias batrachus), and climbing perch (Anabas testudineus). It provides details on their maximum sizes, habitat, breeding seasons and methods, and notes their nutritional and economic value.
Role of microrganisms in aquaculture. c
1. Microorganisms play several key roles in aquaculture including productivity, nutrient cycling, decomposition, mineralization, and waste water treatment.
2. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, phytoplankton, and zooplankton are important microorganisms that contribute to these processes. They drive processes like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling that make nutrients available to aquatic organisms.
3. Microorganisms decompose organic matter into inorganic nutrients and are also involved in waste water treatment through biodegradation and bioremediation processes that break down pollutants. Their roles are vital for a balanced and productive aquaculture ecosystem.
Breeding and seed production of Giant tiger prawn ppt
Penaeus monodon, commonly known as the giant tiger prawn or Asian tiger shrimp, is a marine crustacean that is widely reared for food.
Inland fisheries 2nd sem (full sylabus)
The document discusses global and Indian freshwater fish biodiversity. It notes that freshwater ecosystems account for only 1% of the Earth's surface but contain around 12,000 exclusively freshwater fish species. India is home to over 2,400 fish species, including 223 that are endemic. The major groups of freshwater fish found in India are carp, live fish, catfish, clupeids, mullets, featherbacks, loaches, eels, glassfish and gobies. Coldwater fish biodiversity includes species found in the Himalayas and Deccan plateau, while warm waters harbor over 500 species across various river systems.
Therapeutants in aquaculture
This document discusses therapeutants and pesticides used in aquaculture. It outlines various compounds used as drugs, disinfectants, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, anesthetics, and more. Specific compounds are discussed in detail, including their mechanisms of action, recommended dosages, and effects on fish and aquatic life. A wide range of chemicals are presented, along with factors to consider for safe and effective use in aquaculture operations.
Molluscan fisheries
So this is a visual PPT, made with reference book - Applied Fishery Science By S.M Shafi and most of the data was collected from FAO and CMFRI . Molluscan fisheries here in this PPT is related with India so most of the organisms are indigenous. Have a look . It would be pictorial but once you know about the topic it's the best
FISH DISEASES AND THEIR TYPES
Different types of fish diseases phase during fish culture and Aquafarming.
Read about Symptoms and causes in fish and than treat their disease.
Hatchery management of Trout & present status in india ,ritesh
This document discusses seed production of trout. It describes the reproductive biology of trout and important trout species. It then outlines the different units of a trout hatchery - the broodstock unit, egg taking and milt collection unit, incubation unit, and larval rearing unit. It provides details on the processes that take place in each unit, including water quality parameters and incubation times. Lastly, it reviews the current status and production of trout farming in India and provides strategies to improve the industry.
Control of aquatic weeds
This document discusses various methods for controlling aquatic weeds in freshwater fish ponds and water bodies. It describes how aquatic weeds compete with fish for oxygen and food, providing habitat for predators. Free-floating weeds can be removed by hand-picking or netting and then burning to eliminate seeds. Emergent and submerged weeds with roots are harder to remove but can be controlled using weed harvesters, chemicals like paraquate and ammonia, or biological controls like introducing grass carp that eat the weeds. Algal blooms also need to be controlled as they can smother fish and deplete oxygen. Proper pond maintenance helps prevent issues with aquatic weeds and algae.
Cage culture
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish within mesh enclosures in existing water bodies like ponds, rivers, and oceans. Some key advantages are the flexibility to use different water resources with minimal initial investment. However, there are also disadvantages like the need for complete diets, high risk of disease transmission due to crowding, potential for localized water quality issues, and limitations to production yields. Cage aquaculture has rapidly expanded in recent decades and continues to adapt to growing global demand through clustering cages and developing more intensive cage farming systems.
Lobstar culture and its management
This document provides information on lobster culture and its management. It discusses the important lobster species for culture, their habitat and feeding habits. It describes the breeding technology, seed collection methods, and hatchery and nursery management practices. Grow-out can be done using land-based tanks or sea cages. Key water quality parameters and stocking densities are outlined. Finally, common diseases affecting farmed lobsters are identified along with control measures.
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Brood stock management and larval rearing of mud crab scylla serrata-Gayatri ...
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Breeding and seed production of Giant tiger prawn ppt
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Hatchery management of Trout & present status in india ,ritesh
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More from SHUBHAM PATIDAR FISHERIES ADDAA
INTEGRATED FISH FARMING & MANAGEMENT
The principle of integrated fish farming involves farming of fish along with livestock or/and agricultural crops.. This type of farming offers great efficiency in resource utilization, as waste or by product from one system is
effectively recycled. It also enables effective utilization of available farming space for maximizing production.
•The rising cost of protein-rich fish food and chemical fertilizers
as well as the general concern for energy conservation have created awareness in the utilization of rice and other crop fields and livestock wastes for fish culture. Fish culture in combination with agriculture or livestock is a unique and lucrative venture and provides a higher farm income, makes available a cheap source of protein for the
rural population, increases productivity on small land-holdings
and increases the supply of feeds for the farm livestock.
Scope of Integrated Fish Farming
The scope of integrated farming is considerably
wide. Ducks and geese are raised in pond, and pond- dykes are used for horticultural and agricultural
crop products and animal rearing.
The system provides meat, milk, eggs, fruits,
vegetables, mushroom, fodder and grains, in
addition to fish.
Hence this system provides better production, provides more employment, and improves socio- economic status of farmers and betterment of rural economy.
Classification of Integrated Fish Farming
Integrated fish farming can be broadly classified into two, namely Agriculture-fish and Livestock-fish systems
Agriculture-fish systems- Agri-based systems include rice-fish integration,
horticulture-fish system, mushroom- fish system, seri-fish system.
Livestock-fish systems- Livestock-fish system includes cattle-fish system, system, pig-fish system, poultry-fish system, duck-fish system, goat-fish system, rabbit-fish system.
INTEGRATED FISH FARMING
Integrated fish farming systems refer to the production, integrated management and comprehensive use of aquaculture, agriculture and livestock, with an emphasis on aquaculture. Asia has a long and rich history of integrated fish farming. Written records from the first and second centuries B.C. documented the integration of aquatic plant cultivation and fish farming. From the ninth century, records showed fish farming in the paddy field. From the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, there were records of rotation of fish and grass culture; and by the 1620s, the mulberry-dike fishpond, the integration of fish and livestock farming and complex systems of multiple enterprises integrated with fish farming were developed. Integrated fish farming is the methods by which fish is cultured along with paddy, piggery, poultry or any livestock, or flower culture.
Fish Hatchery Management for Maintaining the Genetic Quality
Fish Hatchery Management for Maintaining the Genetic Quality
Artificial propagation of fish species in hatcheries has been conducted on a large scale for several decades
In recent years, conservation hatcheries aims not only to produce fish for supplementing wild populations but also to preserve the genetic diversity and integrity of threatened or endangered species
Important considerations are maximizing genetic diversity and effective
population size while minimizing inbreeding and adaptation to captivity
Objective
To maintain the genetic diversity, effective population size and to minimize inbreeding
CRAB AND LOBSTER CULTURE
This document discusses mud crab and lobster culture in India. It provides information on the four main species of mud crabs found in the Indo-Pacific region - Scylla serrata, S. olivacea, S. tranquebarica, and S. paramamosain. Mud crab farming is done commercially using grow-out and fattening methods in ponds. Three commercially important lobster species for India are also described - Panulirus polyphagus, P. homarus, and P. ornatus. Their life cycles and biology are summarized. Lobster farming can be done by growing juveniles in ponds to market size or fattening medium sized lobsters. Optimal water
Cage Culture of Grouper and Cobia
Groupers belongs to the family Serranidae.
⚫ Groupers are classified in 14 genera of the subfamily Epinephelinae, which comprises at least half the approximately 449 species in the family Serranidae.
⚫ Several grouper species have been raised on a commercial scale, but mostly by growing out captured wild juveniles.
CAGE CULTURE
cage-culture
Culture of fishes in meshed boxes placed in water is called cage culture.
It is an intensive method of aquaculture.
Cage culture is practiced in areas where there is sufficient water movement.
It is done in river, lakes, estuaries & seas.
ASIAN SEABASS CULTURE
Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) is an important species for aquaculture in Southeast Asia. It can be cultured in both freshwater and saltwater. Major issues in sea bass culture include cannibalism in young stages, dependence on high protein feed sources, and unpredictable wild fry availability. Sea bass nursery rearing is typically done in earthen ponds, concrete tanks, or net cages with fry stocked at high densities. Grow-out is usually done in ponds or cages at lower stocking densities, feeding on trash fish. Sea bass polyculture with tilapia is also common, with sea bass reaching market size of 600g within 4-5 months.
BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF CATFISH
This document provides information on the breeding and seed production of various catfish and trout species that have potential for aquaculture in India. For most species, captive broodstock are raised and induced to breed using hormones. Eggs are hatched and larvae reared with live feeds before weaning onto formulated feeds. Breeding technologies have been adopted to produce seed for farming of species such as magur, singi, pabdah catfish and rainbow trout. Overall, the document outlines best practices for induced breeding, hatchery and nursery rearing of important fish species.
WETLANDS
Wetlands are... areas where a water table is at, near, or just above the surface
and where soils are water-saturated for a sufficient length of time such that excess
water and resulting low soil oxygen levels are principal determinants of vegetation
and soil development. wetlands will have a relative abundance of obligate
hydrophytes in the vegetation community and soils featuring “hydric” characteristics.
Supplementary-Fish-Feed
• Fish needs some extra feed
along
with
available
natural feeds in water for
their regular growth.
• This extra feed which are
provided to fish is called
supplementary feed of fish.
Rice bran
•Refined pulse and wheat roughage
•Mustard or sesame cake
•Fish-meal (fish powder)
•Blood and innards of bird or animal
•Green leaves of various vegetables
•Minerals and vitamins
•Kitchen leftovers, etc.
BIOFERTILIZERS (AZOLLA FARMING)
The term 'Biofertilizer' itself means 'Live
Fertilizer'.
contain live or latent beneficial microbes
which help to fix atmospheric nitrogen,
solubilize
and
mobilize
phosphorus,
translocate minor elements (Zinc, Copper,
etc.,) to the plants, produce plant growth
promoting hormones, vitamins, amino acids
and control plant pathogenic fungi
FISH HEALTH MANAGEMENT (ALL FISH DISEASE)
This document provides information on fish health management including:
- Common bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal diseases affecting fish and shrimp, along with the causative pathogens. Examples include vibriosis, edwardsiellosis, saprolegniasis, and monodon baculovirus disease.
- Nutritional diseases in fish due to deficiencies of proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals.
- The nonspecific and specific immune defenses of fish, including antibodies, T cells, B cells, and memory cells.
- Methods for diagnosing diseases, including PCR, RT-PCR, and ELISA.
AQUACULTURE FEED BY Dr. R.PAULRAJ
This document summarizes an aquaculture feed manual published in 1993. It discusses the importance of feed in aquaculture and factors that affect feed design, production, and feeding. Key nutrients like energy, protein, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are explained in terms of their roles and requirements in fish and prawn nutrition. Ingredients of animal and plant origin used in feed formulation are described along with processing methods. Feeding strategies like rate, frequency, particle size are also covered.
SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES AND RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE
This document provides a guide for USAID staff and partners on designing programs to reform capture fisheries and aquaculture sectors. It aims to ensure environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and social responsibility. The guide emphasizes reducing threats to biodiversity and ecosystem productivity through improved governance and more integrated management practices. Well-designed programs can reform fisheries and aquaculture to reduce environmental and social impacts while increasing productivity, incomes, and livelihoods. The guide addresses key questions on how to design, implement, and evaluate responsible fisheries and aquaculture programs.
ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADING, OPPORTUNITIES, ACCESSORIES,WATER PARAMETERS
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
ORNAMENTAL FISHERIES A TO Z INFORMATION.
This document provides information about ornamental fish culture and the ornamental fish industry. It discusses how ornamental fish keeping began as a hobby and has grown into a large international business. Key points include:
- Ornamental fish production is an important part of the aquaculture industry and global ornamental fish trade is estimated at over $14 billion.
- Over 1,800 species of ornamental fish are in the market, with over 1,000 from freshwater origins. Major suppliers include Singapore, Thailand, and Hong Kong.
- India's ornamental fish industry is small at 1% of global trade but is growing at 14% annually. Tamilnadu, Kerala and West Bengal are major producers.
ORNAMENTAL FISH DISEASE AND AERATOR, FILTERS, HEATERS.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
ORNAMENTAL FISH BREEDING
This document discusses ornamental fish breeding in India. It notes that India's share of the global ornamental fish trade is very small at only 0.008%, and that 95% of exports are currently based on wild collection rather than breeding. To sustain growth, it argues that the focus needs to shift to culture-based development and mass breeding of the many species that can be successfully bred in India. The document provides details on the technology, species, management practices, and financial requirements for starting an ornamental fish breeding project.
ORNAMENTAL FISH FARM MANAGEMENT
Management of ornamental fish farm.
Pond fish keeping
Pond Construction
Sitting a pond
Site of a pond
Equipment
Stockings of pond with fish
Invertebrates and amphibians
Pond maintenance feeding
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