Fish cultivation
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Fish cultivation involves rearing fish and aquatic products from a young stage using various methods. The fish pen method constructs square or rectangular pens in shallow lakes using nets, bamboo, and wood posts. The fishpond method uses either fresh or salt water in dug or natural ponds. The open-water method cultivates mussels, oysters, and clams in bays, seas, and lagoons. Common fish used for cultivation include tilapia, milkfish, carp, catfish, mudfish, and gourami.
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Lesson 2 fish culture
Fish culture involves raising fish commercially in enclosed areas like fish farms. It has three main phases - fish propagation, which can be done naturally or artificially by inducing breeding outside natural cycles; fish cultivation using methods like fish pens or fishponds; and fish conservation to protect stocks. Overall, fish culture is synonymous with aquaculture or fish farming as it aims to commercially produce fish.
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The document discusses different methods for preserving fish in the Philippines. It begins by noting that fisherfolk often have abundant catches but fish spoils easily, so preservation is needed. It then outlines several common preservation methods: freezing, smoking, drying/dehydration, and canning. For each method, it provides details on the basic steps and procedures involved to preserve and improve the quality of fish. The overall summary is that the document outlines and compares various fish preservation methods used in the Philippines.
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This document provides information on various methods for preserving fish, including salting, drying, smoking, chilling, freezing, canning, and pickling. It describes the basic processes for each method, such as using saltwater brine for wet salting, hanging fish to dry in sunlight, building smoking sheds and controlling fires for long smoking. The goal of preservation is to prevent spoilage and extend the shelf life of fish using techniques from chemistry, engineering and other sciences to maintain quality. Safety considerations for methods like pickled fish are also outlined.
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This document categorizes fish and shellfish, describes their characteristics and market forms, and outlines processing methods. It identifies finfish and shellfish as the two major categories. Finfish are vertebrates like bangus and catfish, while shellfish are invertebrates like crabs and oysters. Fresh fish and shellfish are described by characteristics like bright eyes and intact scales. Common market forms include whole fish, fillets, and butterflied fish. Processing methods to preserve seafood include freezing, smoking, drying, curing, and canning.
Preservation and processing of fish
Fresh fish spoils rapidly due to enzymatic and bacterial breakdown. To preserve fish for longer storage and transport to consumers, several methods are used including drying, freezing, salting, smoking, and canning. Drying removes enough water to prevent microbial growth while salting, smoking and canning use salt, smoke or high heat respectively to inhibit enzymes and microbes that cause spoilage. Proper preservation processing and storage extends the shelf life of fish while maintaining quality and safety.
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Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and plants. Major types include marine/brackishwater aquaculture of ocean species and freshwater aquaculture of native river/lake species. India is one of the top producers and exporters of aquaculture globally, dominated by species like carp, shrimp, and shellfish. The country faces challenges to its exports like market access issues, food safety concerns, and environmental impacts. It is addressing these through regulation, certification, traceability programs, and promoting sustainability and value-addition. Future prospects include growing demand, recognition of aquaculture as an economic sector, and greater awareness of sustainability needs.
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This document discusses different classifications and types of fish culture systems. It describes monoculture, polyculture, and mono-sex and poly-sex culture systems based on the types of fish species cultured. It also discusses pond, cage, and pen culture systems based on the enclosure used. Extensive, semi-intensive and intensive systems are classified based on fish density. Integrated fish farming systems combining fish with pigs, ducks, horticulture crops or rice are also outlined. Details are provided on rice-fish farming including suitable rice varieties, culturable fish species and stocking densities. Simultaneous and rotational rice-fish cultivation methods are compared.
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This document describes four methods of salting fish and the tools used in the salting process. The four methods are direct salting, brine salting, kench curing, and salting small fish like anchovies. The tools used include fish scalers, knives, measuring spoons, oil drums, salinometers, wooden basins, wooden vats, and wooden baskets for transporting fish and materials.
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Preservation and processing of fish
Fresh fish spoils rapidly due to enzymatic and bacterial breakdown. To preserve fish for longer storage and transport to consumers, several methods are used including drying, freezing, salting, smoking, and canning. Drying removes enough water to prevent microbial growth while salting, smoking and canning use salt, smoke or high heat respectively to inhibit enzymes and microbes that cause spoilage. Proper preservation processing and storage extends the shelf life of fish while maintaining quality and safety.
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Fish culture system
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Featured snippet from the web
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for fish requires a high barrier to carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2). The pre-determined gas mixture has to stay inside the package and remain the same. Therefore, packaging films or layers with a high gas barrier are applied
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Recent advances in fish processing technology in India. Freezing is commonly used to preserve fish and shrimp, which are frozen in blocks or individually and stored at -20°C. Individually quick frozen products require special care during processing. Value addition includes fish oil capsules containing omega-3 fatty acids and surimi, which is used to make imitation seafood products. New technologies discussed include irradiation and retort pouch processing for sterilization, and extrusion cooking to make ready-to-eat foods. The Central Institute of Fisheries Technology and National Institute of Fisheries Post Harvest Technology conduct research and training to develop technologies and support the fisheries industry.
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This document discusses different market forms of fish and shellfish products. It describes whole fish, drawn fish, dressed fish, fish steaks, fish fillets, butterfly fillets, cured fish including cold-smoked, hot-smoked, dried fish, and salted fish. The summary provides an overview of the various ways fish can be processed and packaged for market.
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The document describes different traditional methods for drying fish, including slicing fish and spreading it on trays to dry in the sun, or drying fish in an oven or constructed drier with hot air. It also lists various tools and their uses in the drying process, such as measuring wind velocity, holding fish or trays, protecting dried fish from rain, and measuring humidity and brine salinity.
Methods used in fish curing
The document discusses various methods used to cure fish in the Philippines, including salting, where salt is added to draw water from the fish flesh; drying using heat from the sun or machines; smoking over wood smoke until golden brown; storing at low temperatures; pickling in vinegar and spices; and packaging to lengthen the life of the cured fish.
Use of hand tools and equipment
This document lists and describes various hand tools and equipment used in nail care services. It outlines tools such as nail cutters for trimming fingernails and toenails, nail nippers for precise cuticle trimming, orange sticks for pushing back cuticles or cleaning under nails, nail files and emery boards for smoothing and shaping nails, nail brushes for cleaning under and around nails, foot files for removing calluses and smoothing feet, foot spa basins for soaking feet during pedicures, steel nail files for shaping nails, pushers for pushing back cuticles, pedicure nail brushes for removing cosmetics and cleansing nails, pumice stones for removing dry, calloused skin from feet
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
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Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
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◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
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Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
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Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
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world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
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ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
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Fish cultivation
- 1. FISH CULTIVATION METHODS OF FISH CULTIVATION
- 2. F FISH CULTIVATION It is the rearing of fish and other aquatic products from their very young stage.
- 3. A. FISH PEN METHOD This is a square or rectangular pen which is constructed in the shallow lakes. The sides are enclosed with nets. Bamboos and wood are used as posts.
- 5. B. FISHPOND METHOD The water in the pond is either fresh or marine. The pond may be dug and the water maybe supplied into it, or it may be just a natural pond with water.
- 7. C. OPEN-WATER METHOD This method is used in cultivating mussels, oysters and clams. This is done in bays, seas and lagoons.
- 10. TILAPIA
- 11. MILKFISH/ BANGUS
- 12. CARP/ KARPA
- 13. CATFISH/ HITO
- 14. MUDFISH/ DALAG
- 15. GOURAMI