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Lecture-1 (Introduction to Principal of Aquaculture).ppt

This document provides an overview of aquaculture and fisheries. It defines aquaculture as the raising and harvesting of aquatic animals and plants in water. Common aquaculture products include carps, catfish, trout, oysters, shrimp, salmon, and tropical fish. Fish farming involves raising various fish species in confined conditions. Fisheries encompass anything related to fishing, including commercial, recreational, and subsistence fishing. The document then discusses the importance of aquaculture and fisheries as a food and economic resource globally and for Pakistan specifically. It provides statistics on world aquaculture and fisheries production and trade.

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PRINCIPLE OF AQUACULTURE Lecture-1 (Introduction) Dr. Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman Assistant Professor
Let us all we enter the fascinated world of fisheries and Aquaculture
AQUACLTURE Aquaculture is the raising and harvesting of aquatic animals and plants in water. Common products of aquaculture are carps, catfish, trout, oysters, shrimp, salmon, and tropical fish for aquariums. FISH FARMING Fish culture is the raising and harvesting of various fish species in confined conditions.
FISHERIES The term fisheries is used to describe any thing related to fishes, the waters where fishing takes place or the species of fish being harvested, fisheries industry. Fisheries of may be large commercial fisheries, recreational fisheries, or small subsistence fisheries (fishing to provide the basic needs of the fishing community). The term fishery is also used to describe the waters where fishing takes place or the species of fish being harvested
Importance of Aquaculture • People consume about 70% of fish caught, and nearly 30 % are used as animal feed that helps produce other forms of protein. • Fish protein represents about 25 % of the total animal protein consumed by the world’s population, second only to beef. • Fisheries are an important source of food, income, jobs, and recreation for people around the world. • More than 1 billion people worldwide rely on fish as an important source of animal proteins. • Source of livelihood and income, as well as an essential source of protein aquaculture
• About 47 % of the main stocks or species groups are fully exploited • By 2015-2030 world capture production will stagnate, while world aquaculture production will continue to increase • Contribute 29% of global supplies of fish, crustaceans and molluscs • Small-scale aquaculture integrated with other farming activities • Total world trade of fish and fishery products export value of $60 billion
7 Pakistan Production (FAO Fishery Statistic)
8 Pakistan Capture Production (FAO Fishery Statistic)
9 Pakistan Aquaculture Production (FAO Fishery Statistic)
10 PAKISTAN (2006-2007) 1.0 percent in GDP 3.4 percent in agriculture Growth rate 16.6 % • Fish Production 573,600 M.tons Marine 403,500 M.tons Inland Water 170,100 M.tons • Export Production Amount (m.t) (US$) 90,225 M.tons 126 million
11 FISHERIES RESOURCES • Coast Line 1100 km • EEZ 1,10,000 sq. nautical miles • Rivers and Major Tributaries Max. 29,40000 ha Min. 7,13000 ha • Canals 22,400 ha • Dams 24,960 ha • Reservoirs Attached to Barrages) 40,840 ha • Lakes and Water Logged areas 47,400 ha • Small Dams 5,000 ha • Private Aquaculture Farms 24,000 ha
World Fisheries
World Fishery Harvest in 2005 Capture fishery Aquaculture Total finfish and shellfish = 141.4 million metric tons ( MMT ) 48.1 MMT of fish and shellfish 93.3 MMT of fish and shellfish
Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Wild Capture MMT 93.7 94.2 87.6 93.6 95.6 93.0 93.2 90.4 94.4 93.3 Aquaculture MMT 26.6 28.6 30.5 33.4 35.5 38.0 40.4 42.7 45.9 48.1 Wild capture harvest has remained stable while aquaculture harvest of finfish and shellfish has increased 181% in 10 years Harvest of finfish and shellfish from the wild and from aquaculture, 1993 - 2004
World Fishery Harvest in 2005 Capture fishery = 93.3 MMT Human consumption = 75 % Animal feeds = 25 % 70.0 MMT 23.3 MMT
World Fishery Harvest in 2005 Fish and shellfish from capture = 70.0 MMT Fish and shellfish from aquaculture = 48.1 MMT Total fish and shellfish = 118.1 MMT 41%of fish and shellfish consumed by humans is from aquaculture Seventy-five percent of the 93.3 mmt of finfish and shellfish captured from the wild is equal to 70.0 mmt used for human consumption
1. China 16,900,000 2. Peru 9,600,000 3. USA 5,000,000 4. Chile 4,900,000 5. Indonesia 4,800,000 6. Japan 4,400,000 7. India 3,600,000 8. Russian Fed 2,900,000 9. Thailand 2,800,000 10. Norway 2,500,000 World Fishery Harvest in 2004 Ten top capture fishing countries in 2004, MMT
World per capita consumption of seafood in 2006 = 16.4 kg/yr U.S. per capita consumption of seafood in 2006 = 7.5 kg/yr Pakistan per capita consumption of fish in 2006 = 2.4 kg/yr
World Food Fish Aquaculture, by country in 2004 ( MMT ) 10. Chile Aquaculture 3. Philippines 1. China 2. India 4. Indonesia 5. Japan 6. Viet Nam 7. Thailand 8. Korea 9. Bangladesh 41,330 2,472 1,717 1,469 1,261 1,229 1,173 953 915 695
What is Aquaculture ? Fish feed pellets Young fish Fish harvest from a cage Harvesting fish from a pond
History of Aquaculture • Aquaculture was developed more than 2000 years ago in countries such as China, Rome, and Egypt. • First book on fish farming was written by a Chinese Fan Li in 475 BC. • Fish farm pictures has been found in Egyptian pyramids. • Mollusk culture was advanced in the 1200s by the discovery in France • There are evidences of oyster culture in Japan in 1600AD
• The concept of pond fertilization was developed in Europe about 1500 AD. • In North America trout farming was started in 18th centaury. • Fish farming got a boast after the first world war. Revolution in fish farming came after the successful induced spawning of fishes in China in 1956.
Aquaculture began in China Grass carp Common carp Bighead carp Silver carp 70 % of world aquaculture harvest Carp harvest in 2004 was 13,853,031 MT Fish ponds in China
24 1. Rohu, Labeo rohita 3. Thaila, Catla catla 2. Mori , Cirrhinus mrigala Fresh Water Fish Species Cultured in Ponds in Pakistan A. Major carps (Indigenous)
25 1. Common carp, Cyprinus carpio 2. Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 3. Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella 4. Bighead Carp, Aristichthys nobilis B. EXOTIC CHINESE CARPS Fresh Water Fish Species Cultured in Ponds-II
26 C. Tilapia  Oreochromis mossambicus  Oreochromis niloticus D. Cold water Fishes  Rainbow trout, Onchorhyncus mykiss  Brown Trout, Salmo trutta fario Other Exotic Fishes Introduced for Culture in Pakistan
Marine Shrimp
World harvest of farmed marine shrimp in 2005 was 2,675,336 MT China – 935,944 MT Thailand – 390,000 MT Vietnam – 275,569 MT Indonesia – 238,567 MT India – 133,020 MT Marine shrimp capture from oceans in 2005 was 3,416,533 MT 44% of marine shrimp consumed was farmed
Tilapia Nile Tilapia Red Tilapia Indoors in the U. S. Outdoors in Ecuador and Indonesia
Rainbow trout
Oysters Rafts used to suspend oysters in baskets Harvesting a rope of oysters Oyster bed on estuary floor Raking oysters from bed
Pearl Oyster Japan is the leading producer of pearls Inserting a nucleus Removing a pearl
Marine Algae World farmed harvest in 2004 – 16,225,410 MT China harvested 71% of total Algae farm Cultivated kelp Sushi with black algae wrapper
Channel Catfish
Red Swamp Crawfish Crawfish ponds Harvesting traps Rice fields
Ornamental fishes Florida Tampa 800 varieties of freshwater fishes worth $43.2 million were harvested in Florida in 1999 goldfish