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FISH
COOKING
THEORY
FISH COOKING THEORY
 We decide how to cook meat and birds largely
on the basis of the tenderness of the flesh,
which is closely related to age. With fish, the fat
content dictates the cooking method. Shell fish
are low in fat and must be cooked accordingly.
 Lean fish are poached, deep fried, or baked in a
sauce. Fat fish are baked, grilled or pan fried.
Both types can be steamed or baked. In cooking
fish, the fat content is important factor in
deciding which method of cooking to use
FISH COOKING THEORY
 The fat content of the flesh, much of which is
in the form of oil, varies widely according to
the species. Some of the commonly eaten
fresh or frozen fish which are lean are cod,
haddock, place, sole, whiting and halibut.
The flesh is low in fat. The liver, however
may be high in fat and be a source of fish
liver oil used for therapeutic purposes. Fat
fish such as mackerel, salmon and tuna have
oil or fat through out their flesh.
FISH COOKING THEORY
 TYPES OF FISH
 Fish can be classified according their usual habitat or their genus:
 Fresh water: e.g. fresh water salmon, trout, perch and fresh
water eels.
 Sea water - Pelagic: these swim near to the surface of the sea,
e.g. herring, mackerel, sprat and sardine.
 Sea water - Demersal: these swim close to the sea bed, e.g.
cod, haddock, plaice and sole.
 Shellfish: molluscs, e.g. cockles, winkles, squid, octopus and
mussels. Crustaceans, e.g. lobster, scampi, prawn and crab.
 Fish can also be classified as white (or lean) fish or oily fish,
depending on where in the body they store fat. White fish only
store their fat reserves in the liver, whilst oily fish store their fat
reserves in the flesh and the liver.
FISH COOKING THEORY
 STORAGE
 Fresh fish should be cooked, chilled or
frozen as soon as possible. Fish and fish
products should be stored as directed on the
packaging.
FISH COOKING THEORY
 Preservation: Fish start to deteriorate as soon as they are caught. Most fish are
put on ice or frozen to halt this process. This increases their shelf-life.
 Salting: this is a traditional method of preserving fish, still commonly used today
in some parts of the world, e.g. salt cod.
 Marinating: adding salt and/or acid (e.g. lemon juice or vinegar) can improve
the flavour of the fish and increase its shelf-life.
 Drying: sun drying is traditional in many warm areas of the world.
 Smoking: this gives a characteristic odour and flavour to the fish, as well as
acting as a form of preservation, e.g. smoked mackerel.
 Canning: often used for small oily fish. Fish must be gutted, cleaned and
trimmed before canning in brine (salty water), spring water, tomato sauce or oil.
 Freezing: usually used with demersal fish, e.g. cod, is gutted, cleaned and
filleted.
 Processing: Fish can be reformed into blocks and frozen. These blocks are
usually made of fillets. Minced fish comes from trimming of fillets and recovery
from the skeleton. The mince itself can be formed into blocks or used to fill
spaces in the fillet blocks.
FISH COOKING THEORY
 FISH QUALITY
 Seafood deteriorates much mire quickly than most meats.
Bacterial growth is faster and flavor falls off quickly when
fish is not fresh or when the frozen item is not kept below
zero until ready for use. A fishy sharp ammonia odor
means deterioration.
 About five days is the maximum holding time for the top
quality fresh fish, even though it has been cooled quickly
after being caught and is held in ice at 0ºC to 3ºC (32ºF –
35ºF). Well iced fish remains fresh from 5 to 10 days after
catching. Sometimes fish caught at sea are already ten or
more days old upon arrival at port so that the fish has lost
freshness before it gets to the market. Whiting, for
example begins losing acceptability four days after being
caught.

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Fish cookery

  • 2. FISH COOKING THEORY  We decide how to cook meat and birds largely on the basis of the tenderness of the flesh, which is closely related to age. With fish, the fat content dictates the cooking method. Shell fish are low in fat and must be cooked accordingly.  Lean fish are poached, deep fried, or baked in a sauce. Fat fish are baked, grilled or pan fried. Both types can be steamed or baked. In cooking fish, the fat content is important factor in deciding which method of cooking to use
  • 3. FISH COOKING THEORY  The fat content of the flesh, much of which is in the form of oil, varies widely according to the species. Some of the commonly eaten fresh or frozen fish which are lean are cod, haddock, place, sole, whiting and halibut. The flesh is low in fat. The liver, however may be high in fat and be a source of fish liver oil used for therapeutic purposes. Fat fish such as mackerel, salmon and tuna have oil or fat through out their flesh.
  • 4. FISH COOKING THEORY  TYPES OF FISH  Fish can be classified according their usual habitat or their genus:  Fresh water: e.g. fresh water salmon, trout, perch and fresh water eels.  Sea water - Pelagic: these swim near to the surface of the sea, e.g. herring, mackerel, sprat and sardine.  Sea water - Demersal: these swim close to the sea bed, e.g. cod, haddock, plaice and sole.  Shellfish: molluscs, e.g. cockles, winkles, squid, octopus and mussels. Crustaceans, e.g. lobster, scampi, prawn and crab.  Fish can also be classified as white (or lean) fish or oily fish, depending on where in the body they store fat. White fish only store their fat reserves in the liver, whilst oily fish store their fat reserves in the flesh and the liver.
  • 5. FISH COOKING THEORY  STORAGE  Fresh fish should be cooked, chilled or frozen as soon as possible. Fish and fish products should be stored as directed on the packaging.
  • 6. FISH COOKING THEORY  Preservation: Fish start to deteriorate as soon as they are caught. Most fish are put on ice or frozen to halt this process. This increases their shelf-life.  Salting: this is a traditional method of preserving fish, still commonly used today in some parts of the world, e.g. salt cod.  Marinating: adding salt and/or acid (e.g. lemon juice or vinegar) can improve the flavour of the fish and increase its shelf-life.  Drying: sun drying is traditional in many warm areas of the world.  Smoking: this gives a characteristic odour and flavour to the fish, as well as acting as a form of preservation, e.g. smoked mackerel.  Canning: often used for small oily fish. Fish must be gutted, cleaned and trimmed before canning in brine (salty water), spring water, tomato sauce or oil.  Freezing: usually used with demersal fish, e.g. cod, is gutted, cleaned and filleted.  Processing: Fish can be reformed into blocks and frozen. These blocks are usually made of fillets. Minced fish comes from trimming of fillets and recovery from the skeleton. The mince itself can be formed into blocks or used to fill spaces in the fillet blocks.
  • 7. FISH COOKING THEORY  FISH QUALITY  Seafood deteriorates much mire quickly than most meats. Bacterial growth is faster and flavor falls off quickly when fish is not fresh or when the frozen item is not kept below zero until ready for use. A fishy sharp ammonia odor means deterioration.  About five days is the maximum holding time for the top quality fresh fish, even though it has been cooled quickly after being caught and is held in ice at 0ºC to 3ºC (32ºF – 35ºF). Well iced fish remains fresh from 5 to 10 days after catching. Sometimes fish caught at sea are already ten or more days old upon arrival at port so that the fish has lost freshness before it gets to the market. Whiting, for example begins losing acceptability four days after being caught.