The document discusses the chemistry of fire, including the fire triangle of oxygen, fuel, and heat required to start a fire. It explains the four classes of fires based on the type of fuel (A, B, C, D) and defines key terms like pyrolysis, combustion, activation energy, and chain reaction. Fire spread occurs primarily through conduction, convection and radiation. As the fire grows, it can lead to a flashover where the flames spread rapidly to involve the entire compartment.
The document discusses various concepts related to fire hazards, including the elements of the fire triangle of fuel, heat, and oxygen. It identifies different potential causes of fires such as electrical faults, open flames, smoking, and fireworks. Prevention methods are also covered, such as maintaining electrical wiring and being careful with open flames and smoking materials.
This document discusses reducing hazards in agricultural mechanics. It describes the fire triangle, which consists of fuel, heat, and oxygen. All three elements must be present for fire to occur. The document outlines different classes of fires and appropriate extinguishers to use for each class. It provides guidance on proper extinguisher placement, use, inspection, and safety precautions. Signs of danger and emergency procedures for fires and accidents are also reviewed. Key terms related to combustion and fire safety are defined.
Fire hazards can occur when the three elements of the fire triangle - oxygen, heat, and fuel - are present. Common fuel sources in industries include flammable liquids, gases, and solids. To identify fire hazards, work areas should be evaluated to find ignition sources and fuel sources, and those at risk. Hazards can be reduced by removing ignition and fuel sources or using weaker sources. Fire prevention strategies include worksite analysis to identify hazards, maintenance and housekeeping practices, and staff training.
A fire hazard is any condition that can cause a fire or make a fire burn more intensely. The three elements needed for a fire are heat, fuel, and oxygen. Fires are classified into different categories based on the type of fuel involved. Common fire hazards include electrical issues, lightning strikes, flammable gases or liquids, and hot surfaces. Smoke detectors, heat detectors, and flame detectors can help detect fires. It's important to only fight small fires if it's safe to do so and know how to properly use a fire extinguisher; otherwise call the fire department and evacuate the area.
This document provides training on portable fire extinguishers. It discusses emergency procedures, environmental concerns like exit locations, and then covers the topics that will be learned in the training, including what fire is, classifications of fire, fire causes, prevention, extinguisher types, how to use one, and making good decisions around fire safety. It details the PASS method for using an extinguisher and emphasizes that trainees are not expected to fight fires but should instead call emergency services and not take unnecessary risks.
The document discusses fire prevention and response. It emphasizes the importance of awareness about proper fire safety procedures. Some key points covered include the goals of fire prevention which are to save lives, alert others, fight fires if safe to do so, and evacuate. It also outlines the different classes of fires based on the fuel source and appropriate fire extinguishers to use for each class. Proper use of fire extinguishers and emergency procedures in the event of a fire are also explained.
The document discusses key aspects of an effective fire prevention program, including life safety, property protection, and continuity of operations as primary goals. It describes the fire triangle of fuel, heat, and oxygen and strategies to control or isolate these elements. The document provides guidelines for good housekeeping, safe storage of flammables and combustibles, and identifies electrical hazards. It emphasizes the importance of compartmentalization through proper maintenance of fire barriers such as walls, doors, and dampers.
The document discusses the chemistry of fire, including the fire triangle of oxygen, fuel, and heat required to start a fire. It explains the four classes of fires based on the type of fuel (A, B, C, D) and defines key terms like pyrolysis, combustion, activation energy, and chain reaction. Fire spread occurs primarily through conduction, convection and radiation. As the fire grows, it can lead to a flashover where the flames spread rapidly to involve the entire compartment.
The document discusses various concepts related to fire hazards, including the elements of the fire triangle of fuel, heat, and oxygen. It identifies different potential causes of fires such as electrical faults, open flames, smoking, and fireworks. Prevention methods are also covered, such as maintaining electrical wiring and being careful with open flames and smoking materials.
This document discusses reducing hazards in agricultural mechanics. It describes the fire triangle, which consists of fuel, heat, and oxygen. All three elements must be present for fire to occur. The document outlines different classes of fires and appropriate extinguishers to use for each class. It provides guidance on proper extinguisher placement, use, inspection, and safety precautions. Signs of danger and emergency procedures for fires and accidents are also reviewed. Key terms related to combustion and fire safety are defined.
Fire hazards can occur when the three elements of the fire triangle - oxygen, heat, and fuel - are present. Common fuel sources in industries include flammable liquids, gases, and solids. To identify fire hazards, work areas should be evaluated to find ignition sources and fuel sources, and those at risk. Hazards can be reduced by removing ignition and fuel sources or using weaker sources. Fire prevention strategies include worksite analysis to identify hazards, maintenance and housekeeping practices, and staff training.
A fire hazard is any condition that can cause a fire or make a fire burn more intensely. The three elements needed for a fire are heat, fuel, and oxygen. Fires are classified into different categories based on the type of fuel involved. Common fire hazards include electrical issues, lightning strikes, flammable gases or liquids, and hot surfaces. Smoke detectors, heat detectors, and flame detectors can help detect fires. It's important to only fight small fires if it's safe to do so and know how to properly use a fire extinguisher; otherwise call the fire department and evacuate the area.
This document provides training on portable fire extinguishers. It discusses emergency procedures, environmental concerns like exit locations, and then covers the topics that will be learned in the training, including what fire is, classifications of fire, fire causes, prevention, extinguisher types, how to use one, and making good decisions around fire safety. It details the PASS method for using an extinguisher and emphasizes that trainees are not expected to fight fires but should instead call emergency services and not take unnecessary risks.
The document discusses fire prevention and response. It emphasizes the importance of awareness about proper fire safety procedures. Some key points covered include the goals of fire prevention which are to save lives, alert others, fight fires if safe to do so, and evacuate. It also outlines the different classes of fires based on the fuel source and appropriate fire extinguishers to use for each class. Proper use of fire extinguishers and emergency procedures in the event of a fire are also explained.
The document discusses key aspects of an effective fire prevention program, including life safety, property protection, and continuity of operations as primary goals. It describes the fire triangle of fuel, heat, and oxygen and strategies to control or isolate these elements. The document provides guidelines for good housekeeping, safe storage of flammables and combustibles, and identifies electrical hazards. It emphasizes the importance of compartmentalization through proper maintenance of fire barriers such as walls, doors, and dampers.
This document discusses various fire safety topics including causes of fires, fire prevention measures, and fire drills. It notes that leading causes of residential fires include unattended cooking, electrical wiring issues, careless smoking, and children playing with lighters and matches. The document emphasizes educating the public on fire safety, especially preventing unattended burning and ensuring working fire alarms and exits. It also provides guidance on conducting effective fire drills in buildings to practice evacuation procedures.
Copy of causes of fire and fire preventionMujahid Ali
This document discusses the causes of fires and methods for fire prevention. It identifies common causes of fires such as sparks from ovens, careless disposal of cigarettes, electric short circuits, and overheating of appliances. Fires can also start due to chemical reactions, friction, fireworks, sabotage, arson, or spontaneous combustion. In industries, additional causes are dust explosions, gas or vapor explosions, overheated machinery, and improper chemical storage. The document recommends preventing fires by ensuring proper storage, maintenance of electrical wiring, and banning smoking in hazardous areas. It also suggests preventing the spread of fires through firefighting training, equipment in homes and workplaces, and addressing water damage from firefighting efforts.
This document discusses fire safety, including the consequences of fire, what fire is, the fire triangle, fire prevention, basic procedures for responding to a fire alarm or discovering a fire, and different types of fire extinguishers. It provides guidance on fire sources and fuels, classes of fire, evacuation procedures, when not to fight a fire, how to use extinguishers properly, and maintenance and inspection of fire safety equipment. The overall message is that safety should be the top priority and firefighting efforts should only be undertaken if safe to do so to facilitate escape, otherwise evacuation is key and firefighting should be left to professionals.
This document provides an overview of fire safety awareness training. It discusses the basic elements of fire, classifications of fires, fundamental principles of fire prevention and control, common fire hazards and causes, and methods of fire prevention and extinguishment. The key topics covered include the fire triangle of oxygen, heat and fuel; classes of fires from A to D; common fire extinguishing agents like water, foam, dry chemicals and inert gases; common fire hazards in the workplace; and fundamental ways to prevent and fight fires, including through good housekeeping, proper storage of flammables, restricting smoking and open flames, and electrical safety.
The document discusses hazards and safety practices for handling flammable and combustible liquids. It identifies the primary hazards as explosion and fire. It outlines OSHA standards for safely storing these liquids using approved equipment like safety cans, storage cabinets, and proper bonding/grounding. The key components of a safety plan include controlling ignition sources, proper storage, fire control, and safe handling practices.
The document discusses the components of fire known as the fire triangle: oxygen, heat, and fuel. It explains that these three elements must be present simultaneously for fire to occur. The document also outlines the four common classifications of fuel that fires can be categorized into: Class A for solids like wood, Class B for flammable liquids, Class C for electrical fires, and Class D for combustible metals. Proper identification of the fuel type is important for selecting the appropriate type of fire extinguisher to use.
SPK Construction's emergency evacuation plan outlines procedures for employees to follow in the event of a fire. Periodic emergency drills will be conducted to ensure employees are aware of evacuation procedures. Upon discovery of a fire, employees should immediately pull the fire alarm, alert others, and call emergency services. Employees should safely stop work, gather belongings if possible, close but not lock doors, use the nearest safe stairs to exit, and report to the designated meeting area.
This document provides information about fire basics including the causes of fire, the fire triangle, fire classification, types of fire extinguishers and how to use them, and actions to take in case of a fire. It discusses that poor housekeeping, careless smoking, and welding/gas cutting can cause fires. It explains that there are 5 types of fires classified and that the success of extinguishing depends on properly working fire equipment, training, and using the correct extinguisher for the type of fire. The document also outlines the different types of fire extinguishers for various types of fires like water, DCP, foam, CO2, and halon and how to properly operate a fire extinguisher.
One-third of restaurant fires are caused by faulty electrical equipment or improper equipment use. To prevent fires, restaurants should regularly clean greasy surfaces, avoid storing flammables near heat, and check for hazards. There are three classes of fires - A, B, C - which require different types of extinguishers. Restaurants should also maintain fire safety equipment like detectors, sprinklers, and properly train employees in evacuation and extinguisher use.
The document provides information for fire brigade members on firefighting equipment and techniques. It covers the components of fire, classes of fire, fire extinguishing methods, self-contained breathing apparatus, and stages of fire development. Practical firefighting skills like handling hoses and breathing apparatus are also discussed.
This document provides information on fire safety and the proper use of fire extinguishers. It discusses the combustion process and different fire classes. It also describes different types of portable fire extinguishers, including how they work and which types of fires they can be used on. Basic firefighting concepts like R.A.C.E. and P.A.S.S. are also covered. The document concludes with a short quiz to test the reader's understanding.
Fire extinguishers are devices used to control and help remove fires. There are several types of fire extinguishers including water, carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam, clean agent, and sand/water buckets. Proper installation and maintenance of fire extinguishers is important according to guidelines. Fire sprinklers and standposts are also firefighting equipment used in building services.
The document provides statistics on fires in the United States during 2011 according to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Some key points:
- There were over 1.3 million fires reported in 2011 resulting in over 3,000 deaths and $11.7 billion in property damage.
- The largest categories of fires were structure fires (484,500), vehicle fires (219,000), and outside fires (686,000).
- Cooking is the leading cause of home fires and heating appliances are the second leading cause. Proper use and maintenance of appliances can help prevent fires.
- Smoke alarms reduce the risk of dying in a fire by 50%. It is important to have working smoke alarms
This document provides information on fire emergency procedures for a hospital. It defines fire and the three components needed for combustion. It describes how to classify and extinguish different types of fires. The document outlines potential fire causes in a hospital and appropriate extinguishing methods. It explains fire protection systems like detectors, sprinklers, and extinguishers. Guidelines are provided on proper extinguisher use and emergency response procedures, including evacuation routes and assembly points.
This document provides training on fire extinguisher safety. It discusses the different classes of fires and types of fire extinguishers, how fire extinguishers work, proper fire extinguisher placement and use. Key steps for using a fire extinguisher include pulling the pin, aiming at the base of the fire, squeezing the handle to release the extinguishing agent, and sweeping from side to side until the fire is completely out. Evacuation is recommended if the fire cannot be controlled with an extinguisher.
1. The document provides an overview of fire safety training, including definitions of fire, fire classifications, fire extinguishers, and emergency response procedures.
2. It details the principles of fire extinction through starvation, smothering, and cooling. Methods of fire spreading through conduction, radiation, and convection are also explained.
3. Proper firefighting techniques and safety procedures in the event of a fire are outlined, such as following the PASS method for using a fire extinguisher and RACE for fire emergency response.
Fire drills are important for several reasons:
1) They help prepare employees to evacuate safely during an emergency by identifying challenges and inappropriate actions.
2) They train all personnel on their roles in assisting disabled people to evacuate.
3) They allow premises to evaluate the effectiveness of their evacuation plans and identify problems to improve safety.
Fire safety document discusses fire hazards and risk assessment. It defines risk as the uncertainty of an unforeseen event occurring and outlines factors like magnitude of consequences and likelihood of occurrence. It also discusses the ALARP principle which states that risks are only tolerable if all reasonably practicable measures have been taken to reduce them. The document further examines hazards like vapour cloud explosions and fires as well as classification of fires and suitable extinguishing methods.
A basic PPT to help anyone understand the fire triangle. It covers the facts simply and therefore has no in depth detail.
To work with other resources.
Thanks to: http://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/fire-triangle-ppt-HT-6037645/ for basic images and idea.
Fire is caused by an oxidation reaction called combustion, which requires fuel, heat, oxygen, and a chain reaction. These four components make up the fire tetrahedron. To start a fire, the fuel and oxygen must be present and heated to their kindling temperatures to start the chain reaction. Once started, a fire can be extinguished by removing any part of the tetrahedron, or intensified by adding a catalyst to increase the combustion reaction rate. While fire can be dangerous, it also provides benefits like light, heat, and uses in certain ecosystems.
This document discusses various fire safety topics including causes of fires, fire prevention measures, and fire drills. It notes that leading causes of residential fires include unattended cooking, electrical wiring issues, careless smoking, and children playing with lighters and matches. The document emphasizes educating the public on fire safety, especially preventing unattended burning and ensuring working fire alarms and exits. It also provides guidance on conducting effective fire drills in buildings to practice evacuation procedures.
Copy of causes of fire and fire preventionMujahid Ali
This document discusses the causes of fires and methods for fire prevention. It identifies common causes of fires such as sparks from ovens, careless disposal of cigarettes, electric short circuits, and overheating of appliances. Fires can also start due to chemical reactions, friction, fireworks, sabotage, arson, or spontaneous combustion. In industries, additional causes are dust explosions, gas or vapor explosions, overheated machinery, and improper chemical storage. The document recommends preventing fires by ensuring proper storage, maintenance of electrical wiring, and banning smoking in hazardous areas. It also suggests preventing the spread of fires through firefighting training, equipment in homes and workplaces, and addressing water damage from firefighting efforts.
This document discusses fire safety, including the consequences of fire, what fire is, the fire triangle, fire prevention, basic procedures for responding to a fire alarm or discovering a fire, and different types of fire extinguishers. It provides guidance on fire sources and fuels, classes of fire, evacuation procedures, when not to fight a fire, how to use extinguishers properly, and maintenance and inspection of fire safety equipment. The overall message is that safety should be the top priority and firefighting efforts should only be undertaken if safe to do so to facilitate escape, otherwise evacuation is key and firefighting should be left to professionals.
This document provides an overview of fire safety awareness training. It discusses the basic elements of fire, classifications of fires, fundamental principles of fire prevention and control, common fire hazards and causes, and methods of fire prevention and extinguishment. The key topics covered include the fire triangle of oxygen, heat and fuel; classes of fires from A to D; common fire extinguishing agents like water, foam, dry chemicals and inert gases; common fire hazards in the workplace; and fundamental ways to prevent and fight fires, including through good housekeeping, proper storage of flammables, restricting smoking and open flames, and electrical safety.
The document discusses hazards and safety practices for handling flammable and combustible liquids. It identifies the primary hazards as explosion and fire. It outlines OSHA standards for safely storing these liquids using approved equipment like safety cans, storage cabinets, and proper bonding/grounding. The key components of a safety plan include controlling ignition sources, proper storage, fire control, and safe handling practices.
The document discusses the components of fire known as the fire triangle: oxygen, heat, and fuel. It explains that these three elements must be present simultaneously for fire to occur. The document also outlines the four common classifications of fuel that fires can be categorized into: Class A for solids like wood, Class B for flammable liquids, Class C for electrical fires, and Class D for combustible metals. Proper identification of the fuel type is important for selecting the appropriate type of fire extinguisher to use.
SPK Construction's emergency evacuation plan outlines procedures for employees to follow in the event of a fire. Periodic emergency drills will be conducted to ensure employees are aware of evacuation procedures. Upon discovery of a fire, employees should immediately pull the fire alarm, alert others, and call emergency services. Employees should safely stop work, gather belongings if possible, close but not lock doors, use the nearest safe stairs to exit, and report to the designated meeting area.
This document provides information about fire basics including the causes of fire, the fire triangle, fire classification, types of fire extinguishers and how to use them, and actions to take in case of a fire. It discusses that poor housekeeping, careless smoking, and welding/gas cutting can cause fires. It explains that there are 5 types of fires classified and that the success of extinguishing depends on properly working fire equipment, training, and using the correct extinguisher for the type of fire. The document also outlines the different types of fire extinguishers for various types of fires like water, DCP, foam, CO2, and halon and how to properly operate a fire extinguisher.
One-third of restaurant fires are caused by faulty electrical equipment or improper equipment use. To prevent fires, restaurants should regularly clean greasy surfaces, avoid storing flammables near heat, and check for hazards. There are three classes of fires - A, B, C - which require different types of extinguishers. Restaurants should also maintain fire safety equipment like detectors, sprinklers, and properly train employees in evacuation and extinguisher use.
The document provides information for fire brigade members on firefighting equipment and techniques. It covers the components of fire, classes of fire, fire extinguishing methods, self-contained breathing apparatus, and stages of fire development. Practical firefighting skills like handling hoses and breathing apparatus are also discussed.
This document provides information on fire safety and the proper use of fire extinguishers. It discusses the combustion process and different fire classes. It also describes different types of portable fire extinguishers, including how they work and which types of fires they can be used on. Basic firefighting concepts like R.A.C.E. and P.A.S.S. are also covered. The document concludes with a short quiz to test the reader's understanding.
Fire extinguishers are devices used to control and help remove fires. There are several types of fire extinguishers including water, carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam, clean agent, and sand/water buckets. Proper installation and maintenance of fire extinguishers is important according to guidelines. Fire sprinklers and standposts are also firefighting equipment used in building services.
The document provides statistics on fires in the United States during 2011 according to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Some key points:
- There were over 1.3 million fires reported in 2011 resulting in over 3,000 deaths and $11.7 billion in property damage.
- The largest categories of fires were structure fires (484,500), vehicle fires (219,000), and outside fires (686,000).
- Cooking is the leading cause of home fires and heating appliances are the second leading cause. Proper use and maintenance of appliances can help prevent fires.
- Smoke alarms reduce the risk of dying in a fire by 50%. It is important to have working smoke alarms
This document provides information on fire emergency procedures for a hospital. It defines fire and the three components needed for combustion. It describes how to classify and extinguish different types of fires. The document outlines potential fire causes in a hospital and appropriate extinguishing methods. It explains fire protection systems like detectors, sprinklers, and extinguishers. Guidelines are provided on proper extinguisher use and emergency response procedures, including evacuation routes and assembly points.
This document provides training on fire extinguisher safety. It discusses the different classes of fires and types of fire extinguishers, how fire extinguishers work, proper fire extinguisher placement and use. Key steps for using a fire extinguisher include pulling the pin, aiming at the base of the fire, squeezing the handle to release the extinguishing agent, and sweeping from side to side until the fire is completely out. Evacuation is recommended if the fire cannot be controlled with an extinguisher.
1. The document provides an overview of fire safety training, including definitions of fire, fire classifications, fire extinguishers, and emergency response procedures.
2. It details the principles of fire extinction through starvation, smothering, and cooling. Methods of fire spreading through conduction, radiation, and convection are also explained.
3. Proper firefighting techniques and safety procedures in the event of a fire are outlined, such as following the PASS method for using a fire extinguisher and RACE for fire emergency response.
Fire drills are important for several reasons:
1) They help prepare employees to evacuate safely during an emergency by identifying challenges and inappropriate actions.
2) They train all personnel on their roles in assisting disabled people to evacuate.
3) They allow premises to evaluate the effectiveness of their evacuation plans and identify problems to improve safety.
Fire safety document discusses fire hazards and risk assessment. It defines risk as the uncertainty of an unforeseen event occurring and outlines factors like magnitude of consequences and likelihood of occurrence. It also discusses the ALARP principle which states that risks are only tolerable if all reasonably practicable measures have been taken to reduce them. The document further examines hazards like vapour cloud explosions and fires as well as classification of fires and suitable extinguishing methods.
A basic PPT to help anyone understand the fire triangle. It covers the facts simply and therefore has no in depth detail.
To work with other resources.
Thanks to: http://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/fire-triangle-ppt-HT-6037645/ for basic images and idea.
Fire is caused by an oxidation reaction called combustion, which requires fuel, heat, oxygen, and a chain reaction. These four components make up the fire tetrahedron. To start a fire, the fuel and oxygen must be present and heated to their kindling temperatures to start the chain reaction. Once started, a fire can be extinguished by removing any part of the tetrahedron, or intensified by adding a catalyst to increase the combustion reaction rate. While fire can be dangerous, it also provides benefits like light, heat, and uses in certain ecosystems.
The Triangle Factory Fire occurred in a building with insufficient fire escapes. There was only one interior fire escape and none in the back of the building. The building had experienced previous fires and was deemed unsafe by the fire department due to insufficient exits. The owners of the factory were indicted for the death of one victim but were later acquitted. Several years later, lawsuits for victims' families were settled for $75 per death. The fire led to safety reforms and new legislation through investigations and campaigns by unions and women's groups.
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City on March 25, 1911 killed 146 garment workers, most of them young immigrant women and girls trapped inside the building due to unsafe conditions. The owners had locked the doors to the stairwells and fire escapes to prevent theft, and firefighters struggled to reach the victims on the upper floors as the fire spread quickly. It became one of the deadliest industrial disasters in U.S. history and led to regulations for building safety and workers' rights.
This document outlines the events of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City. It provides background on the factory owners and poor working conditions, including long hours and locked exits. On March 25, 1911, a fire broke out on the 8th floor of the factory. Panicked workers found the doors locked and the fire escapes collapsed. 146 workers died in the fire, either from the flames or jumping from the high windows. The tragedy led to new laws improving factory safety regulations in New York.
On March 25, 1911, a fire broke out at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City, killing 146 workers who were trapped inside. The factory had locked exits and failed to meet safety requirements. The owners were acquitted of manslaughter charges, but the tragedy spurred new legislation requiring fire safety standards, factory inspections, and better conditions for women and child workers. Von Drehle's book examines how the fire helped spark the progressive era and increased focus on workers' rights and safety reforms.
This document discusses accident prevention theory and risk management. It covers several accident causation theories including the domino theory, human factors theory, accident/incident theory, epidemiological theory, systems theory, and combination theory. The domino theory proposed by Heinrich in the 1930s views accidents as resulting from a chain of events beginning with social environment and ancestry factors. The human factors theory attributes accidents to overload, inappropriate responses, and inappropriate activities leading to human error. The accident/incident theory extends this by including ergonomic traps and decisions to err. Risk assessment and management are also described as important aspects of accident prevention.
Flammability Testing Of Plastics Jinish DoshiJinish Doshi
This document summarizes various standards and tests for measuring the flammability of plastics, including UL 94 ratings, glow wire tests, and oxygen index tests. It describes the sample preparation and pass/fail criteria for horizontal and vertical burning tests per UL 94, as well as ratings like V0, V1, V2. Common flame retardants and their mechanisms of action are also outlined. Standards from ISO, IEC, and other groups are referenced for electrotechnical and automotive applications.
The document discusses fire prevention and firefighting. It explains the fire triangle and how fires can be extinguished by removing one of the elements - oxygen, heat or fuel. It describes different classes of fires and common causes such as electrical issues, smoking, and combustible materials. The document provides guidance on what to do in a fire emergency and types of portable fire extinguishers for different classes of fires. It emphasizes the importance of selecting the proper extinguisher and reviews the "PASS" method for operating a fire extinguisher.
The document discusses fire safety goals and strategies. The primary goals are to protect life and property. The strategy is to control fuel and heat sources to prevent fires. Good housekeeping, proper storage, and maintenance of barriers are emphasized to compartmentalize any fires and facilitate evacuation. Electrical, flammable liquid, and other hazards should be managed carefully according to guidelines.
This document provides information on firefighting systems for a power plant. It discusses the purpose of firefighting systems, types of fires and classifications. It also describes the fire equipment for the plant, including jockey pumps, electrical and diesel fire water pumps, hydrants, deluge water systems, preaction systems, and foam systems. Procedures for operating valves and filling containers in the event of a fire are outlined.
The document discusses road accident prevention and control. It lists several common causes of accidents, including speeding, not wearing a helmet or seatbelt, and using a phone while driving. It emphasizes the importance of following traffic rules and warnings about speeding in wet conditions. Statistics are provided on road deaths in India and economic losses. Suggestions for prevention include stricter enforcement of speed limits and installation of speed controllers.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...Sérgio Sacani
Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
2. WHAT IS FIRE?
Process of rapid oxidation of any material resulting in burning.
Oxidation
-oxygen molecules interact with different substances.
-making it unstable and thus creating a reaction.
4. FUEL
Fuel source or combustible material
Fuel comes in different forms
Solid (e.g., wood, paper, plastic)
Liquid (e.g., methane, propane, acetylene)
Different types of fuel burn at different rates