It is a collection of examples to understand the concepts of AI and Expert System with few applications.

1. AI Logic &
Application Solving Steps
Presented by
Mr. Ramesh Kumar
Professor, CSE Deptt.,
B.I.T. ,Durg

2. CROSS AND KNOUGHT
PLAYER A
PLAYER B

3. CROSS AND KNOUGHT
= 4
= 5
V=VALUE
V=1
LEVEL 1

4. Sailor Problem
One sailor was once stranded on a island. The
seaman had nothing very much to do, so they
whiled away and found a pile of gems. He
started collecting the gems in his bag, but bag
was only suitable for 11 k.g. So he weighed the
different gems i.e. Emerald , Ruby and Topaz of
3 k.g.,2 k.g. and 2 k.g. respectively. The market
price for Emerald, Ruby and Topaz were Rs.
4000, 3000.and 1000 respectively. So what
combination he had taken which had given him
maximum money value.

5. SOLUTION
Max Z = 4X1+3X2+X3
Subject to constraint
3 X1+2 X2+2 X3 <= 11
X1,X2,X3 => 0 and integer

6. X2=5.5
X=5
X1=0.33
X2=4
X1=1
X2=5
X3=0.5
X2≥6X2≤5
X1≥1X1≤0
infeasible
16
15.5
P0 =16.5
SOLUTION

7. Husband & Wife Problem
Three married couples are to cross a river in a boat
which can hold only two person, one of whom must
row the boat. Each of the three husband is a jealous
man, who will not allow his wife to be left in the
company of other man.Show how the jealous
husband and their wife can a complies the trip river

8. Husband wife problem
Left bank
Right bank
river
boat

9. Husband wife problem
Left bank
Right bank
river
boat

10. s
o
l
u
t
i
o
LEFT BANK RIVER RIGHT BANK
W1w2w3h1h2h3 w1w2 W1w2
W3w2h1h2h3 W2 w1
H1h2h3 W2w3 W2w3w1
H1h2h3w3 W3 W2w1
H3w3 H1h2 H1h2w1w2
H1h3w3w1 H1w1 H2w2
W3w1 H3h1 H2w2h3h1
W1w2w3 W2 H1h2h3
w1 W3w2 H2h3h1w3w2
w1w2 W2 H2h3h1w3
0 w1w2 h1h2h3w1w2w3
SOLUTION

11. CAPTURE GAME
LEGAL MOVES- 1 PLACE HORIZOTAL VERTICAL DIOGANAL

12. CAPTURE GAME
SOME EXAMPLE
Distance = 4
Distance = 5
Distance = 3
Distance = 3

13. Initial
State
Goal
State
2 8 3
1 6 4
7 5
1 2 3
8 4
7 6 5
Tiles
Puzzle

14. SOLUTION

15. Tiles
Puzzle
Initial
State
Goal
State
R B R
B R B
R B R
R R R
R R B
B B B
ASSIGNMENT

16. FORMER FOX GOOSE AND GRAIN PROBLEM
Consider the farmer-fox-goose-grain
puzzle. In this puzzle, a farmer wishes
to cross a river taking his fox, goose
and grain with him. He can use a
boat, which will accommodate only
the farmer and one possession. If the
fox is left alone with eat grain. Give
the solution for it.

17. SOLUTION

18. PLAYERS POSITION
SNICKER
PLAYER A
PLAYER B

19. SNICKER GAME

20. PLAYERS POSITION AFTER SOME MOVE
PLAYER A
PLAYER B

21. KOIENBERG’S PROBLEM
SOLUTION

22. The Missionaries and Cannibals
Problem
Three missionaries and three cannibals find themselves on one
side of a river. They have agreed that they would all like to get to
the other side. But the missionaries are not sure what else the
cannibals have agreed to. So the missionaries want to manage the
trip across the river in such a way that the number of missionaries
on either side of the river is never less than the number of
cannibals who are on the same side. The only boat available holds
only two people at a time. How can every one get across the river
without the missionaries risking being eaten?

23. MISSIONARIES & CANNIBALS
Left bank
Right bank
river
boat

24. MISSIONARIES & CANNIBALS
Left bank
Right bank
river
boat

25. CC CC
C C
MC MC
MM MM
M M
LEGAL MOVES

26. CC BMMMC
CCCB MMM
C BCC MMM
CCB CMMM
BCCCMMM
C
CC
C
CC
X
SOLUTION
MMMCCCB
MMMC BCC
MMM CC B C
MMM BCCC
MMMCB CC
MC BMMCC
MMCCB MC
CC
C
CC
C
MM
MC
MM
X

27. Cryptarithmatic
Initial state
M=1
S=8 or 9
O=0 or 1-O=0
N=E or E+1-N
=E+1
C2=1
N+R>8
E<>9
N=3
R=8OR 9
2+D = Y OR 2+D
=10+Y
2=D=Y
N+R=1
0 +E
R=9
S=8
2+D= 10+Y
D=8+Y
D=8OR 9
Y=0 Y=1
CONFLICT CONFLICT
D=8 D=9
C1=1
C1=0
E=2
SEND
MORE
MONEY
9567
1085
10652

28. BEST
MADE
MASER
CROSS
ROADS
DANGER
9567
1085
10652
96233
62513
158746
ASSIGNMENT

29. Coin Problem
You are given twelve apparently identical
coin one of which is counterfeit, weighing
less than the eleven others which are all of
the same weight. Given only an equal arm
balance, determine the counterfeit coin in
no more than three weighing.

30. D:E G:H J:K
ROOT
A-F : G-L
A B C D E F G H I J K L
G-I:J-LA-C:D-F
A:B

31. EIGHT QUEEN PROBLEM

32. PEG JUMPPING PROBLEM

33. WATER JUG PROBLEM
Three highwaymen robbed a gentleman of
Ujjain of a bottle containing 24 cc of a precious,
hitherto unpatented, aviation lubricant, While
fleeing, they met a glass blower, from whom
they purchased three vessels, On reaching a
secluded place, they wished to divide their
booty, but found that their vessels could hold
13, 11 and 5 cc respectively . How could they
divide their loot into equal portions.

34. 24 13 11 5
24 0 0 0
0 13 11 0
0 13 6 5
0 8 11 5
8 0 11 5
8 13 3 0
8 8 3 5
8 8 8 0
Solution

35. B B B W W W E
B=BLUE
W=WHITE
E=EMPTY
LEGAL MOVES
Any block can move adjacent
empty place or can jump one block
only
B B B W W W E
Initial State
Goal State
BLOCK PROBLEM
LOGIC COUNT 0 FOR RIGHT PLACE
COUNT 1 FOR WRONG PLACE OF BLOCK

36. Chess game

37. CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION

38. CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION
A R H S I M A H
S A R O J I N I R K
B H T S O U
Y S S M A R M
A E I N B S K D A H
M D M H A O R A S
R N P S G R W N E
H A I O H A I D
S P H E R N P
M P G L G

39. Conclusion
Initial state
State space
Path or Chain
Searching or Inferencing
Goal state
Solution steps for Application

40. CASE
STUDY

41. HOME
DOCTOR

42. EXPERT SYSTEM CHILDHOOD DISEASES

43. DISEASES SYMPTOM

44. DECISION TABLE

45. LOVE
John
Marry
ROMANTIC PLATONIC FAMILIAL
UNREQUITED
LOVE AFFAIRS
NO MARRIAGE MARRIAGE
DIVORCE COUPLE
KIDS NO KIDS

46. Love
Familial Love Platonic Love
Romantic Love
Unrequited Love Affair
Marriage
Husband:
Kids:
House:
Happy Marriage Unhappy Marriage

47. Speaker
contribution
Case - 1

48. Virtual
voting
machine

49. CLICK YOUR STATE

50. CLICK YOUR DISTRICT

51. CLICK YOUR CONSTITUTIONAL AREA

52. VOTER LIST
Sr.
No.
Name Fathers’
Name
Age Sex Address
01. aaa zbbb 45 M asdfr
02 ccc ddd 34 f qweds
03 eee fff 45 f asder
04 ggg hhh 23 m qscfr
05 iii jjj 31 m fght

53. ENTER PASSWORD
XXXXXXX

54. CAST YOUR VOTE

55. Final view
Sr.
No.
Name Fathers’
Name
Age Sex Address
01. Salman Arbaz 45 M Faridnagar
ENTER PASSWORD
XXXXXXX

56. Intelligent
Security
system
Case - 2

57. Person Preliminary
area
Main area Premises
Manual
checkup
INTELLIGENT SECURITY
SYSTEM

58. Finger Print
Scanner
Weight
Sensor
Face Recognition, Retina
Recognition, Height
Measurement,
Shoe ID
Metal Detector
Step Distance No. of Steps
MAIN AREA PRELIMILARY AREA
D
I
A
G
R
A
M
A
T
I
C
V
I
E
W
Door for manual check

59. Logic
If finger recognition
AND face recognition
AND retina recognition
OR height
OR weight
OR body smell
OR shoe sole id
OR Magnetic id
OR Metal detector
OR behavior
OR Number of steps
OR Avg. distance between steps
THEN person n
ELSE intruder
LOGIC

60. Property Person 1 Person2 Person n
Observed Stored in
Database
Observed Stored in
Database
Observed Stored in
Database
Weight 50 kg
Height 5ft 7”
Finger Scan 12345
Retina scan 5647
Face
recognition
2346
Body smell 5678
Shoe sole 9876
Magnetic Id 1267
Metal
Detector
9087
Behavior 3456
Number of
steps
5
Distance
between steps
1 ft
TABLE

61. Intelligent Interactive
Communication

62. Man with Machine

63. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

64. TYPES OF SENSOR
• For Heart Beat
• For Blood Pressure
• For ECG
• For Skin Temperature
• For Key Strokes
• For Audio & Video

65. Types of instrument
•ECG
•Stethoscope
•Galvactivator
•Web Camera

66. Steps of operation
Step 1 Sensors measure the physiological behavior of
user
Step2 These signals which is in analog nature, requires
conversion in digital form by using A/D converter
Step3 Converted signals now be given to source computer
Step4 This signal now be sent parallel with message to
destination computer with processing
Step5 At destination end user will get two information.
First the message and second the physiological signal as
message
Step 6 The physiological signal can be interpreted as
normal or abnormal according to scale
Step7 Same process at destination end also

67. INTERFACING OF VARIOUS SESNSOR
Connection
to Heart
Connection
to Wrist
Connection
to Ankle

68. CAPTURING OF INTERNAL
BEHAVIOUR – EXTERNALLY
Sensor/
Transducer

69. WORKING
A /D
Converter
Captured
Signals of
Human Body
A /D
Converter
Captured
Signals of
Human Body

70. COMMUNICATION

71. INTELEGENT COMMUNICATION-
NORMAL
Females are intelligent because their
name ends with letter A,I

72. INTELEGENT COMMUNICATION-
ABNORMAL
Females are intelligent because their
name ends with letter A,I

73. VIEW OF COMMUNICATION
Females are intelligent because
their name ends with letter A,I

74. Senders Reflection at destination System
Confused surprised
humorous
puzzledmaterialistic

75. ADVANTAGES
• Reliable communication in real sense
• Can be distinguished as chat, real or
entertainment
• Interactive with emotion or sentiments
• True message
• One can depend on message
 No blackmailing
 He/she may be a sociopath, a
psychopath, or simply a good liar

76. Disadvantages
•Not reliable very much in professional liar
•Every were not possible
•Restriction makes person extra precautionary
•Cost
•No scientific process of evaluation.
•Scaling is difficult
•Psychological effect of fear ness
•Legal reason

77. References
 Multimedia An introduction - John Villamil-
Casanova
 Prentice hall/Macmillan computer publishing reprint
 Multi media computing, communication &
applications-Ralf Steinmetz & Klara Nahrstedt
 Innovative technology series
 IP Telephony –Bill Douskalis
 Pearson Education Asia publication
 WWW.doc.ic.ac.uk..

78. Special Thank to
Sanjeev Shrivastava
Thanks for Patience

79. Thanks ,
for your
patience