Basics of cash management for financial management & reportingSoaga Hameed Gbola
This paper examines the basics of cash management for financial management and financial reporting purposes. This study makes use of descriptive research method to examine the importance, essence, influence, relationship, and impact of cash management on financial management and financial reporting. It establishes the strong impact of cash management on corporate survival, linkage to practically every account on financial report, maximisation of shareholders’ wealth, fraud prevention and detection, and liquidity enrichment. It also ascertains the need for the use of net cash flows as a measure of performance. Organisations should give cash management serious attention and make it a strategic partner, and should maintain a dedicated cash module for cash management because accrual accounting is not adequate for cash management. Regulatory bodies should enhance disclosure requirements in respect of cash and cash equivalents to enhance transparency and prevent creative cash management.
In simple language working capital can be described as the funds required by an enterprise to finance its day-to-day operations. The working capital of a business is calculated by deducting current liabilities from current assets. Hence, an enterprise has a working capital surplus if its current assets are more than current liabilities. On the other hand, if the current assets are less than current liabilities, the business has a working capital deficiency.
SESSION ABSTRACT: Companies are moving to global presence and there are many ways in which they are hoping to manage in an efficient manner, and this creates problems because - processes need to change - and systems need to follow to support these process changes. The tools available today may not entirely support all that is needed - but what is available and what can be done ? This is what you will get from this session and open a conversation on how other people resolve these challenges.
This presentation has been uploaded by Public Relations Cell, IIM Rohtak to help the B-school aspirants crack their interview by gaining basic knowledge on Finance.
Basics of cash management for financial management & reportingSoaga Hameed Gbola
This paper examines the basics of cash management for financial management and financial reporting purposes. This study makes use of descriptive research method to examine the importance, essence, influence, relationship, and impact of cash management on financial management and financial reporting. It establishes the strong impact of cash management on corporate survival, linkage to practically every account on financial report, maximisation of shareholders’ wealth, fraud prevention and detection, and liquidity enrichment. It also ascertains the need for the use of net cash flows as a measure of performance. Organisations should give cash management serious attention and make it a strategic partner, and should maintain a dedicated cash module for cash management because accrual accounting is not adequate for cash management. Regulatory bodies should enhance disclosure requirements in respect of cash and cash equivalents to enhance transparency and prevent creative cash management.
In simple language working capital can be described as the funds required by an enterprise to finance its day-to-day operations. The working capital of a business is calculated by deducting current liabilities from current assets. Hence, an enterprise has a working capital surplus if its current assets are more than current liabilities. On the other hand, if the current assets are less than current liabilities, the business has a working capital deficiency.
SESSION ABSTRACT: Companies are moving to global presence and there are many ways in which they are hoping to manage in an efficient manner, and this creates problems because - processes need to change - and systems need to follow to support these process changes. The tools available today may not entirely support all that is needed - but what is available and what can be done ? This is what you will get from this session and open a conversation on how other people resolve these challenges.
This presentation has been uploaded by Public Relations Cell, IIM Rohtak to help the B-school aspirants crack their interview by gaining basic knowledge on Finance.
Financial planning is the process of allocating financial resources to maximize the profitablity and wealth of the company. Financial planning depends on 3 questions What is company's current financial position?
Where does company wants to go?
How does the company get to its ending point/goal?
Management of working capital
Cash management
SIGNIFICANCE Cash management
motives to hold cash.
a. Transactions motive
b. Precautionary motive
c. Speculative motive
d. Compensation motive
Minimising funds committed to cash balances
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
3. What is Financial Management?
Meaning
The financial management means:
To collect finance for the company at a low cost
and To use this collected finance for earning
maximum profits.
Thus, financial management means to plan and
control the finance of the company. It is done
to achieve the objectives of the company.
4. Nature of Financial Management
• Procurement of Funds
• Effective Use Of Funds
• Flexibility
• Managerial Decision Making
• Financial Planning
• Financial Analysis
• Financial Control
• Credit Management
5. Role of finance manager
• Estimation of long term and short term financial
need.
• Formulation of financial policies.
• Evaluate financial and economic viability.
• Review of cash flow & performance measurement.
• Conduct special studies on cost.
• Submission of periodical report.
• Disclose of financial result.
• Selection of capital expenditure proposal.
6. Scope or Content of Financial
Management/ Finance Function:-
• Estimating Financial Requirements
• Deciding Capital Structure
• Selecting a Source of Finance
• Selecting a pattern of Investment
• Proper cash Management
• Implementing Financial Controls
• Proper use of Surplus
7. Traditional Approaches to financial
Management
• In traditional view the finance manager need
to look in to the following functions :
• Arrangement of short term long term finance.
• Mobilizing the fund.
• Orientation of finance functions.
8. Modern Approaches to financial
Management
• In modern approach the finance manager
expected to analyses the firm and following
things:
• Total fund requirement.
• Total asset acquire
• Pattern to financing to those assets.
• Take three important decisions ( investment,
finance, dividend)
10. Relationship of finance function with
other discipline
• Marketing
• Production
• Quantitative Methods
• Human Resources Management
• Accounting
• Economics.
11. Risk and Return
• Risk: it is the situation in which the individual
can assign the probability to the available
outcomes.
• Return: in simple words the return is nothing
but the yield on the investment or outcome
on investment.
12. Risk – return trade off
• High risk high return.
• Average risk average return.
• Low risk low return.
13. Portfolio Management
• Portfolio management is concern with
efficient management of investment in
securities.
• It deals with the process selection of selection
of securities from the number of securities
available with different risk and return.
14. Treasury management
• Treasury management (or treasury operations)
includes management of an enterprise's holdings,
with the ultimate goal of maximizing the firm's
liquidity and mitigating its operational, financial
and reputational risk.
• Treasury Management includes a firm's
collections, disbursements, concentration,
investment and funding activities. In larger firms,
it may also include trading in bonds, currencies,
financial derivatives and the associated financial
risk management.
15. Financial analysis: Value Analysis
• “The process of evaluating businesses,
projects, budgets and other finance-related
entities to determine their suitability for
investment”.
16. What will see while doing value
Analysis
• Focus areas while doing analysis
• Income statement
• Balance sheet
• Cash flow statements
• Past Performance of company.
17. The formula for calculating EVA is as
follows:
• Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) -
(Capital * Cost of Capital)
• Eg. NOPAT= 200000.
• Cost of Capital= 50000
• EVA= 200000-50000= 150000
18. 'Economic Value Added - EVA'
• DEFINITION
A measure of a company's financial
performance based on the residual wealth
calculated by deducting cost of capital from its
operating profit (adjusted for taxes on a cash
basis). (Also referred to as "economic profit".)
• The EVA approach use to know real value of
business.
19. Time value of money
The time value of money theory states that a
dollar that you have in the bank today is
worth more than a reliable promise or
expectation of receiving a dollar at some
future date
In simple according to the time period the
value of money is change is called time value
of money.
20. Time value of money
e.g. the price of gold before 10 yrs amt(5000 for
10 gm)
The current value for the 10 gm gold is 30,000
So the time value of money is decrease in last
10 yr is around 25000 At that time the 5000
have greater worth than the todays 30000
21. Importance of Time value of money
• The great importance of the time value of
money is for financial decision making, like
finance decisions, investment decisions,
budgeting. Etc.
22. DEFINITION of 'Real Interest Rate'
• An interest rate that has been adjusted to
remove the effects of inflation to reflect the
real cost of funds to the borrower, and the
real yield to the lender. The real interest rate
of an investment is calculated as the amount
by which the nominal interest rate is higher
than the inflation rate.
• Real Interest Rate = Nominal Interest Rate -
Inflation (Expected or Actual)
23. For example
• if you are earning 4% interest per year on the
savings in your bank account, and inflation is
currently 3% per year, then the real interest
rate you are receiving is 1% (4% - 3% = 1%).
The real value of your savings will only
increase by 1% per year, when purchasing
power is taken into consideration
24. DEFINITION of 'Nominal Interest Rate'
• The interest rate before taking inflation into
account. The nominal interest rate is the rate
quoted in loan and deposit agreements. The
equation that links nominal and real interest
rates is:
(1 + nominal rate) = (1 + real interest rate) (1 +
inflation rate).
It can be approximated as nominal rate = real
interest rate + inflation rate.
26. Short term Sources
1. Trade Credit:
Trade credit is the facility in which business
firms are allowed by the suppliers of raw
material, service ,components , and parts to
defer the payment to definite future period.
2. In simple the credit allowed by supplier to
the customer in business is called as trade
credit .
27. Terms in Trade Credit
• Maximum credit limit.
• Credit Period
• Cash Discounts
• Starting Date
29. Public Deposits:
• Public deposits refer to the unsecured
deposits invited by companies from the public
mainly to finance working capital needs. A
company wishing to invite public deposits
makes an advertisement in the newspapers.
30. Bills Discounting
• In the process of bill discounting the supplier
of goods draw a bill of exchange with the
direction to buyer to pay certain amount of
money after some period and gets its
acceptance from buyer or drawee of the bill.
• It is simply noting but bill of exchange.
31. letter of credit
• A letter of credit is a document from a bank
guaranteeing that a seller will receive
payment in full as long as certain delivery
conditions have been met.
• A letter of credit provides the seller with a
guarantee that they will get paid as long as
certain delivery conditions have been met
32. letter of credit
• The bank that writes the letter of credit will act
on behalf of the buyer and make sure that all
delivery conditions have been met before making
the payment to the seller.
• The purpose of a letter of credit is to ensure
successful business transactions between sellers
and buyers. Basically, you make a promise to pay
a seller when you receive goods, and the seller
accepts your promise because the bank-issued
letter of credit guarantees payment.
33. Cash Credit
• Cash credit is a type of loan which is made
available on the business’ current account up
to a specific amount and according to certain
well-defined conditions, thereby offering a
greater flexibility of use.
• in simple A cash credit is a short-term cash
loan given to a company by bank against the
security with credit limits.
34. Cash Credit
• Advantages:
• Provide good cash flow.
• Benefits of discount.
• Fulfill the working capital requirements.
• Disadvantages:
• Higher rate of interest.
• Need to be kept security with bank
• Short period of notice given by bank
35. Overdrafts
• The banks allows to its customer to overdraw
his account up to a specific sanctioned
overdraft limit.
• The interest charge on the amount actually
overdrawn and not on the overdraft limit
sanctioned.
• This facility is used by the current account
holders.
36. Retained Earnings
• The retained earning is noting but
consequences of not distributing the profit
earned by company among the shareholders
by way of dividend . But utilize that profit into
working capital requirements.(internal
financing) and increase the saving of business.
37. Long Term sources
Debt/Equity
• Debt capital : debt capital means the capital
which is form on the basis of debt instrument
such as debentures, bonds , etc.
• Equity capital: Equity capital means the capital
form throughout the shares.
39. Capital market
• Definition:
Capital market is a market where buyers and
sellers engage in trade of financial securities
like bonds, stocks, etc. The buying/selling is
undertaken by participants such as individuals
and institutions
40. Functions and importance
• Link between Savers and Investors
• Encouragement to Saving
• Encouragement to Investment
• Promotes Economic Growth
• Stability in Security Prices
• Benefits to Investors
41. Primary market
• The primary market is the part of the capital
market that deals with issuing of new
securities. Companies, governments or public
sector institutions can obtain funds through
the sale of a new stock or bond issues through
primary market.
42. Secondary market
• The term "secondary market" is also used to
refer to the market for any used goods or
assets, or an alternative use for an existing
product or asset where the customer base is
the second market.
43. SEBI
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India
(SEBI) is the regulator for the securities
market in India. It was established on 12 April
1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992. SEBI has to
be responsive to the needs of three groups,
which constitute the market:
• 1. the issuers of securities
• 2. the investors
• 3. the market intermediaries
44. Powers of SEBI
• To approve by−laws of stock exchanges. to require the stock exchange to
amend their by−laws.
• inspect the books of accounts and call for periodical returns from
recognized stock exchanges.
• inspect the books of accounts of a financial intermediaries. compel certain
companies to list their shares in one or more stock
• exchanges.
• levy fees and other charges on the intermediaries for performing its
functions.
• grant license to any person for the purpose of dealing in certain areas.
delegate powers exercisable by it. prosecute and judge directly the
violation of certain provisions of ⌡the companies Act.
• power to impose monetary penalties.
45. Bombay Stock Exchange
• Started in 1875.
• Oldest stock exchange.
• Largest in 23 stock exchange.
• 6000 are the participants.
• 2/3 rd transactions are done in this stock
exchange.
• Introduces the equity derivatives.
46. • Originated in 1992 but come to in trading in
1994.
• Near about 1000 participants.
• Work in 3 segments. 1. whole sale debts. 2.
future. 3. option.
• Main motive is to provide better transfer
system.
National Stock Exchange
47. • Started 1992.
• It is first worldwide electronic stock exchange.
• The main purpose is to provide cost effective
and convenient platform for raising finance.
• It introduced first time screen base system.
Over Trade Counter Stock Exchange
48. institutional investors:
• An institutional investor is an investor, such as
a bank, insurance company, retirement fund,
hedge fund, or mutual fund that is financially
sophisticated and makes large investments,
often held in very large portfolios of
investments.
49. Foreign institutional investors:
• The foreign institutional investors are nothing
but the investors who are investing their
money from the other country
50. Various intermediatories in capital
market
• Financial intermediaries include :
• 1. Stock Exchange : NSE, BSE
• 2. OTCEI
• 3. SEBI
• 4. Derivatives
• 5. Money Market Mutual Fund
51. Capital market index
• index is a number used to represent the
changes in a set of values between base time
period and another time period
• In simple index is indicator of market
movements.
• Types of index.
• 1. Sensex
• 2. Nefty
52. Capital Market Securities
• Stocks and bonds are generally termed as the
capital market securities. These are traded in
separate markets. These capital market
securities are used by a number of companies,
corporations and governments to raise funds
for various purposes.
54. Overview of Banking System in India
• The first bank in India, though conservative, was
established in 1786. From 1786 till today, the
journey of Indian Banking System can be
segregated into three distinct phases.
• Early phase from 1786 to 1969 of Indian Banks.
• Nationalization of Indian Banks and up to 1991
prior to Indian banking sector Reforms.
• New phase of Indian Banking System with the
advent of Indian Financial & Banking Sector
Reforms after 1991.
55. Commercial Bank
• term "commercial bank" to refer to a bank or
a division of a bank primarily dealing with
deposits and loans from corporations or large
businesses.
• Structure of banking System
• Organized Sector.
• Unorganized sector.
56. Role and Functions of Commercial
Bank
• issuing bank drafts and bank cheques.
• accepting money on term deposit.
• lending money by overdraft, installment loan, or other means
• providing documentary and standby letter of credit, guarantees,
performance bonds, securities underwriting commitments and other
forms of off balance sheet exposures
• safekeeping of documents and other items in safe deposit boxes
• sale, distribution or brokerage, with or without advice, of insurance, unit
trusts and similar financial products as a “financial supermarket”
• cash management and treasury services
• merchant banking and private equity financing
• Traditionally, large commercial banks also underwrite bonds, and make
markets in currency, interest rates, and credit-related securities, but
today large commercial banks usually have an investment bank arm that is
involved in the mentioned activities.
57. NBFC
• NBFC is company registered under the companies
act 1956 of india and is engaged in the business
of loans and advances, leasing , hire purchase ,
insurance business, chit business but does not
include any institution whose principle business
is that of agriculture activity, sales/ purchase
/construction of immovable property.
• In simple it is complimentary to banking sector
58. Types of NBFC
• Equipment leasing company
• Hire-purchase company
• Loan company
• Investment company
Further classification of above companies.
• Asset finance company
• Investment company
• Loan company
59. Regulations
• Only those NBFCs holding a valid certificate of
registration can accept public deposits.
• Minimum NOF of Rs. 25 lakhs.
• Minimum capital to risk asset ratio should be
12 and 15 %
• Transfer of minimum 20% of the net profit to
the reserve fund.
60. New Concept in Banking
• Retail banking.
• Microfinance.
• Credit/debit card.
• ATMs.
• Online Banking.
• Mobile Banking.
62. Credit Rating
• A credit rating is an evaluation of the credit
worthiness of a debtor ,especially a business
(company) or a government, but not
individual consumers.
63. Evolution
• Originated in 1841
• First credit rating agency established in 1841.
• Another one is established in 1959
• In india 3 credit rating agencies which are
giiven below:
• CRISIL
• ICRA
• CARE.
64. FUNCTIONS
• Providing superior information
• Low cost transaction
• Basis for calculating the risk
• Healthy discipline in corporate borrowings.
• Grater freedom to the financial and others.
65. Credit Rating Process
• The rating process takes about two to three
weeks, depending on the complexity of the
assignment and the flow of information from
the client.
• Ratings are assigned by the Rating
Committee.
68. Mutual Fund
• Mutual fund is the trust that pools the saving
of a number of investors who share a
common financial goal.
• According to SEBI act 1996 the mutual fund is
the fund establish trust which raise the money
throughout selling of units to the public.
69. Evolution
• Originated in 19 th century.
• US had about 68 funds in 1998.
• Start with close ended funds
• UTI is the first mutual fund in india.
• In 1992 SEBI pass the regulations.
71. Types of mutual fund scheme
• Based on maturity period.
• 1. open ended
• 2. close ended
• Based on investment
• 1. growth
• 2. income
• 3.Money market
• 4.Guilt age.
• 5. other.
72. • Based on Special schemes.
• Growth
• Load
• No-load
• Industry specific
• Sector scheme.
Types of mutual fund scheme
74. Performance measurement of MFs
• The Treynor Measure
• The Sharp Measure
• Jenson model
• Eugene fama model.
75. Tax Implications
• Capital gain
• TDS
• Wealth tax
• Income from units
• Income distribution tax
• Section 88
76. Regulatory Aspect
• No scheme approved without prior permission
of board.
• Each MF always with document and filling
fees.
77. Insurance
“In simple protection against the possible losses
or future risk is called insurance.”
“Insurance is the instrument which saves the
person from future losses.”
78. Major insurance Role.
• The underwriter.
• The surveyor
• The broker.
• The claim advisor.
• The financial advisor
• The actuary.
79. Types of insurance policies
• Endowment policy
• Whole life policy
• Term life policy
• Money back policy
• Joint life policy
• Children insurance policy
• Pension plan or annuities
• Women's policies.
80. Types of insurance.
• Life insurance
• General insurance.
• Agriculture and banc assurance
• Re-insurance
• Group insurance
• Micro – insurance.
81. Financial services
• Financial services are the economic services
provided by the finance industry, which
encompasses a broad range of organizations
that manage money, including credit unions,
banks , credit card companies, insurance
companies, accountancy companies,
consumer finance companies, stock
brokerages, investment funds, real estate
funds and some government sponsored
enterprises.
82. Functions of financial services
• Mobilization of fund.
• Effective deployment of fund.
• Provision of regular fund.
• Enhancing economic activities.
• Provision of need base services.
83. Features of financial services
• Highly customer oriented
• Intangibility
• Inseparability
• People based
• Dynamic.