The document presents a project that aims to neutralize image capturing devices. It discusses detecting cameras using LEDs and image processing, then disabling the camera with a laser. The system works by identifying cameras using their CCD sensor properties when exposed to light. Images are processed to locate cameras then a laser is aimed at the camera lens to overexpose the image sensor. The document outlines the system components, working, safety measures and potential for future development.

1. NEUTRALIZING OF
IMAGE CAPTURING DEVICE
Presented By,
 Akshay.U(12TC1004).
 Jayachandran.R(12TC1023).
 Krishna Bharathi.N(12TC1033).
 Muthu Kumaran.M(12TC1042).
Under the Guidance of,
Mrs. Radha Nandagopal
(Assistant Professor of ECE)
CCET, ECE-A Final Review for Neutralizing of
Image Capturing Device 1

2. Preamble
 Abstract
 Overview
 Objective
 Introduction
 Problem Identification.
 Block Diagram.
 Proposed Method.
 Hardware Module and Software used
 Detection of Image Capturing device
 Image processing Unit
 LASER
 LASER Safety
 Conclusion and further development.
 Reference.
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Image Capturing Device 2

3. Abstract
The present media technology has been facing the problem on various
attacks such as ‘pirating a movie’. This issue causes some losses to the
producer and movie makers by means of financially, to rectify and to stop the
issue this project helps the board to have a control over it. This project deals
with the off-the-shelf equipment technology which could prevent from the
pirating mechanism by any image capturing device. The designed hardware
and software module is an idea for disabling the camera and prevent from
espionage of a movie. This system will have basic principles of light and its
unique property, which would help us to detect the presence of pirates and by
using of light emitting diode it neutralizes the capturing device.
CCET, ECE-A Final Review for Neutralizing of Image Capturing Device 3

4. Overview
The system which has the equipment’s that could stop
preventing a pirating of a movie and helps the producers and
movie makers. The last phase was to detect the presence of
pirating device in an area; this phase of the project will consist of
neutralization of an image capturing device by the high intensity
monochromatic source by emitting it over a pirating device.
CCET, ECE-A Final Review for Neutralizing of Image Capturing Device 4

5. Objective
 The objective is to identify existence of image capturing
devices over an area.
 To disable that device by focusing a light beam over it.
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6. Introduction
 In the digital world, data or information is represented by 1’s
and 0’s.
 Charge-Coupled Devices(CCD’s) converts the pixel value into
a digital value.
 The higher the number of pixels, the higher number of detail is
captured
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7. Cont.….
 CCD is an image sensor which is retro reflective which reflects
back the light.
 Electrons generated by the interaction of photons with silicon
atoms are stored in a potential well.
 Digital camera uses solid state image sensors to convert light to
digital pictures.
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Image Capturing Device 7

8. Cont.….
 The device which will help us to neutralize the espionage
images that are recorded.
 Analysis of recorded image is processed and the neutralization
is proceeded
 From the light source intruder is identified by connecting the
Camera to personal system.
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9.  The Camera mounted over the LED block sends each signal to
the PC.
 When a telephoto lens is aimed at you, you will see a "glint" in
the lens if you are shining a light in its direction.
 The LASER part of the system is enabled by the manual control
over shining lens.
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10. Cameras
 Camera is a device that converts optical image into digital output.
 Earlier Digital Cameras used CMOS sensors and now upgraded to
CCD for high intensity capturing
 There are two imperfection for a camera, they are:
• Blooming
• Lens flare
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11.  In addition to these imperfections, cameras strengths can also
contribute to their weakness, for example with long, or
telephoto, lenses.
 These lenses act as telescopes, allowing the camera to fill its
frame with a magnified image.
 Since the field of view is small, the amount of light needed by
the sensor is proportionally larger.
 Consequently, telephoto lenses are typically large, making
concealment more difficult and detection easier
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Image Capturing Device 11

12. CHARGE-COUPLED
DEVICE(CCD’s)
 A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a sensor for making
images in digital cameras.
 A CCD (Charge Coupled Device) chip is a light sensitive
device, made of silicon.
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13. Cont.…
 It consist an integrated circuit containing an array of linked or
coupled capacitors acting as many small pixels.
 CCD’s undergo the concept of retro reflection in which there
is a reflected rays along the opposite direction of the incident
light ray.
 The more light falls on the CCD’s, the more charge will
accumulate in the pixel.
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Image Capturing Device 13

14. CCD Chip
inside the
camera
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Image Capturing Device 14

15. Block Diagram
Scanning IR
emitter
CCD
Test Image
Recorder
IPU
Camera
Locator
Infrared
Laser Beam
Projector
Detector Unit
Disabling Unit
Timing and Control
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Image Capturing Device 15

16. Problem Identification
 Video Pirating.
 Leakage of Confidentiality.
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Image Capturing Device 16

17. Piracy
 The need of piracy is to get income.
 Deploying the media field.
 Destroys the hard work of many talented people in the film
industry
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Image Capturing Device 17

18. Possible ways analysed
While pirating:
 Laser.
 Projection Screen.
Before pirating:
 Projector
After pirating:
 Flash memory cards
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Image Capturing Device 18

19. Proposed Method
 Retro Reflection.
 Image Processing.
 While pirating, once identified the device would beam an
invisible IR laser into the camera’s direction and overexposing
it.
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Image Capturing Device 19

20. Hardware Module
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Image Capturing Device 20
LED BLOCKS
INTERFACING WITH
TUNER
LCD DISPLAY
LASER
DETECTION AND DISABLING HARDWARE MODULES

21. Detection of Image Capturing Device
 The block of series LED’s are kept in front of the screen.
 This LED which helps the identification of pirates in an
area by focusing on the material called CCD.
 This CCD which has the unique property of light, so
that the images are been recorded by the surveillance
camera.
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22. Image Processing Unit
 Once the images are identified it is interfaced with the PC or
Laptop for the processing an exact location of a camera.
 The images which are recorded will be in saved in a program
folder.
 The program that is used for identification is RGB segmentation
for separating the perfect location of CCD.
 After processing the system will enable the LASER part which
is said to be disabling section of the system.
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23. LASER
 Lasers are near-perfect monochromatic light sources, in that they
emit a single narrow wavelength.
 The first lasers were made of glass tubes with polished mirror
ends and had the additional feature of emitting collimated light, a
parallel beam.
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24.  Here on earth, the atmosphere has enough density to diffuse and
weaken a collimated beam.
 But on a clear day or at night, a small bright spot from a well-
collimated laser will remain a small bright spot for distances of
hundreds of meters
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25.  The solid-state revolution that replaced
vacuum tubes with silicon chips had a
similar effect on lasers.
 Solid-state technology allowed lasers to
become smaller, more efficient, and
much cheaper.
 Useful new industries emerged, such as
laser printers and laser-scanning at
supermarket checkout counters.
 Useless ones appeared as well, such as
cheap home laser light shows and laser
pointers.
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Image Capturing Device 25

26.  Laser and other light-based pointing devices were originally
made to help a lecturer highlight something on an accompanying
projection screen.
 So in theory, there need not be more pointers in the world than
lecterns or projection screens (or lecturers).
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27.  Today lasers come in extremely wide varieties of type,
wavelength, and power.
 They range from lasers capable of destroying missiles to tiny
lasers that create images directly on the human retina.
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28.  First field tests were conducted
simply with an inexpensive laser
pointer aimed into the lens of a
video camera.
 At close range (1 - 5 meters), the
beam was easy to aim by hand.
The laser beam almost completely
obliterated the image, covering it
with a red starburst.
 The effect completely disappeared
when the laser was aimed away,
leaving no trace of any permanent
damage.
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29.  This cheap laser pointer emitted an oval-shaped beam (as is
often the case) that was about 2mm by 4mm in diameter at
very short distances, and expanded to over 5cm by 10cm at
100 meters (due to cheap collimating optics).
 In medium and bright light, it was difficult to see with an
unaided eye.
 The obvious solution was to couple the laser to an optical
scope and pre-calibrate them.
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Image Capturing Device 29

30.  Then, a larger rifle scope was
used for a bigger, brighter
 These gun sights also have
adjustment screws to align
the beam, durable metal
cases, and many options of
mounting hardware
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31.  These devices apparently couple a light sensor to a flash unit:
when a flash of light is detected, the devices instantaneously
flash back.
 If these devices work, they obviously would only work for still,
flash photography.
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32. LASER Safety
 The main thing that has to be involved in using LASER is that
the LASER safety, because which is more dangerous for the
human beings.
 But we have the safety measure and LASER that are used is
according to irrespective to human dangers.
 So, there is no effects for the usage of LASER in this project
and further usage.
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Image Capturing Device 32

33.  Though lasers are often associated with danger (think Gold
finger), their hazard level is related to power, wavelength,
and concentration, but primarily to power.
 Lasers are classified into four classes (two of which have
sub-classes).
 These range from "Class I" lasers which are deemed never
harmful (e.g., laser printers), to "Class IV" lasers that can
blind, burn, and sometimes cut through steel.
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34.  The big dividing line lies between Class III a and Class III b
lasers, with the major criteria being whether or not the laser
emits more or less than 5 mill watts.
 Class IIIb and Class IV lasers must be registered in many
countries, though a casual Web search suggests it's pretty easy
to buy serious Class IV lasers if one desires.
 All off-the-shelf laser pointers are Class III a lasers, emitting
light from 1 - 5 mill watts.
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Image Capturing Device 34

35.  The official view is that they cannot burn or damage skin, but
can produce "spot blindness" under the right conditions and
should have a "danger" label attached. Spot, or temporary,
blindness can indeed be hazardous..
 Today, many sports arenas and concert halls ban laser pointers.
 Various direct and indirect laws can be used to cite
irresponsible use of laser pointers as a misdemeanour.
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Image Capturing Device 35

36. Conclusion and further development.
Thus the camera has been detected from the phase-I and
by the IPU(Image Processing Unit) it is identified where the
exact location of the camera in an arena this signals the operator
to be alert with espionage. This will give the information to
manual controlled LASER machine which will be initiated by
human control
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Image Capturing Device 36

37.  This can be extended to the next level by using the CCTV camera in an
inside theatre hall or confidential hall.
 The system can be changed over many blocks of LED’s source for finding
the nook the corner of the hall.
 Thus conveyor belt can be used for the too and fro motion of the camera
which could cover all the spots in an arena or a hall
 Thus it will be good mechanism for the Media Technologies to be safe with
their investment.
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Image Capturing Device 37

38. Output
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Image Capturing Device 38

39. Cont.
 The output show the
neutralizing image of an
camera through LASER
 This witness the proprietor
that capturing device is
being neutralized
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Image Capturing Device 39

40. CCET, ECE-A Final Review for Neutralizing of
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41. Reference
 Han-Kuei Fu, Yen-Liang Liu, Tzung-Te Chen, Chien-Ping Wang, and Pei-Ting Chou
“The Study of Spectral Correction Algorithm of Charge-Coupled Device Array Spectrometer”.
IEEE Transanction Electron Devices, VOL.61, NO 11, NOVEMBER 2014.
 http://www.informationweek.com/georgia-tech-device-disables-digital-cameras/d/d-
id/1044798?
 http://www.livescience.com/819-device-disables-digital-cameras.html
 http://www.naimark.net/projects/zap/howto.html
 Semiconductor devices: Physics and technology, 2nd Edition, Wiley India Edition, By S M Sze
CCET, ECE-A Final Review for Neutralizing of
Image Capturing Device 41

42. Reference
 Han-Kuei Fu, Yen-Liang Liu, Tzung-Te Chen, Chien-Ping Wang, and Pei-Ting Chou
“The Study of Spectral Correction Algorithm of Charge-Coupled Device Array Spectrometer”.
IEEE Transanction Electron Devices, VOL.61, NO 11, NOVEMBER 2014.
 http://www.informationweek.com/georgia-tech-device-disables-digital-cameras/d/d-
id/1044798?
 http://www.livescience.com/819-device-disables-digital-cameras.html
 http://www.naimark.net/projects/zap/howto.html
 Semiconductor devices: Physics and technology, 2nd Edition, Wiley India Edition, By S M Sze
CCET, ECE-A Final Review for Neutralizing of
Image Capturing Device 42

43. References
 Tutorial - Tutorial with introduction of Clustering Algorithms (k-means, fuzzy-c-means,
hierarchical, mixture of gaussians) + some interactive demos (java applets).
 Digital Image Processing and Analysis-byB.Chanda and D.Dutta Majumdar.
 H. Zha, C. Ding, M. Gu, X. He and H.D. Simon. "Spectral Relaxation for K-means
Clustering", Neural Information Processing Systems vol.14 (NIPS 2001). pp. 1057-1064,
Vancouver, Canada. Dec. 2001.
 J. A. Hartigan (1975) "Clustering Algorithms". Wiley.
 J. A. Hartigan and M. A. Wong (1979) "A K-Means Clustering Algorithm", Applied
Statistics, Vol. 28, No. 1, p100-108.
 D. Arthur, S. Vassilvitskii (2006): "How Slow is the k-means Method?,"
 D. Arthur, S. Vassilvitskii: "k-means++ The Advantages of Careful Seeding" 2007
Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA).
 www.wikipedia.com CCET, ECE-A Final Review for Neutralizing of
Image Capturing Device 43

44. CCET, ECE-A Final Review for Neutralizing of
Image Capturing Device 44