The human nervous system is made up of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body using electrical signals called nerve impulses that are carried by specialized cells called neurons. There are three main types of neurons - sensory neurons that carry impulses from sense organs to the CNS, motor neurons that carry impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands, and interneurons that connect sensory and motor neurons. The peripheral nervous system is divided into sensory and motor divisions, and regulates both conscious and involuntary activities.
The human nervous system is made up of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body using electrical signals called nerve impulses that are carried by specialized cells called neurons. There are three main types of neurons - sensory neurons that carry impulses from sense organs to the CNS, motor neurons that carry impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands, and interneurons that connect sensory and motor neurons. The peripheral nervous system is divided into sensory and motor divisions, and regulates both conscious and involuntary activities.
The document discusses the organization of the human body from cells to organ systems. It describes that cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs work together in organ systems to carry out important body functions. It then provides more detailed information about specific organ systems like the skeletal, muscular, integumentary, and nervous systems.
The document describes several key body systems including the skeletal, muscular, integumentary, and nervous systems. It explains that cells combine to form tissues, tissues combine to form organs, and organs work together in organ systems to carry out important body functions. The skeletal system provides structure and support, while storing minerals. The muscular system allows for movement via muscles connecting to bones. The integumentary system acts as a protective barrier for the body with the skin, hair, and nails. Lastly, the nervous system collects and processes information as the command center of the body using electrical signals transmitted through the brain and nerves.
The document discusses the classification and structure of neurons in the nervous system. It describes three main types of neurons based on the number of poles: unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons. It also discusses the classification of neurons based on function into motor/efferent and sensory/afferent neurons. Additionally, it summarizes the structure of neurons including the nerve cell body, dendrites, and axon. The key roles and components of each part are defined.
Nervous system - Arun Kumar Beborta, Tutor, SON, Christian Hospital Mungeli ruhiarun
This presentation was prepared for the GNM 1st year students with objectives: they will be able to:
1. define nervous system
2. describe neurones
3. explain different parts of brain and their function
4. list down types of nerves and their functions
5. differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system controls and coordinates essential body functions through sensory input, integration of sensory information, and motor output responses. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and is divided into somatic, voluntary control, and autonomic, involuntary control systems. Within the central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord contain specialized cell types like neurons that communicate via electrical and chemical signals to regulate all body processes.
1. Full consciousness is an alert state where one is oriented to person, place, time and can comprehend language and think clearly.
2. A confused state involves disorientation and inability to think clearly or use sound judgment.
3. Lethargy is characterized by slowed speech, mental processing and motor activity while still maintaining some orientation.
The human nervous system is made up of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body using electrical signals called nerve impulses that are carried by specialized cells called neurons. There are three main types of neurons - sensory neurons that carry impulses from sense organs to the CNS, motor neurons that carry impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands, and interneurons that connect sensory and motor neurons. The peripheral nervous system is divided into sensory and motor divisions, and regulates both conscious and involuntary activities.
The human nervous system is made up of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body using electrical signals called nerve impulses that are carried by specialized cells called neurons. There are three main types of neurons - sensory neurons that carry impulses from sense organs to the CNS, motor neurons that carry impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands, and interneurons that connect sensory and motor neurons. The peripheral nervous system is divided into sensory and motor divisions, and regulates both conscious and involuntary activities.
The document discusses the organization of the human body from cells to organ systems. It describes that cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs work together in organ systems to carry out important body functions. It then provides more detailed information about specific organ systems like the skeletal, muscular, integumentary, and nervous systems.
The document describes several key body systems including the skeletal, muscular, integumentary, and nervous systems. It explains that cells combine to form tissues, tissues combine to form organs, and organs work together in organ systems to carry out important body functions. The skeletal system provides structure and support, while storing minerals. The muscular system allows for movement via muscles connecting to bones. The integumentary system acts as a protective barrier for the body with the skin, hair, and nails. Lastly, the nervous system collects and processes information as the command center of the body using electrical signals transmitted through the brain and nerves.
The document discusses the classification and structure of neurons in the nervous system. It describes three main types of neurons based on the number of poles: unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons. It also discusses the classification of neurons based on function into motor/efferent and sensory/afferent neurons. Additionally, it summarizes the structure of neurons including the nerve cell body, dendrites, and axon. The key roles and components of each part are defined.
Nervous system - Arun Kumar Beborta, Tutor, SON, Christian Hospital Mungeli ruhiarun
This presentation was prepared for the GNM 1st year students with objectives: they will be able to:
1. define nervous system
2. describe neurones
3. explain different parts of brain and their function
4. list down types of nerves and their functions
5. differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system controls and coordinates essential body functions through sensory input, integration of sensory information, and motor output responses. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and is divided into somatic, voluntary control, and autonomic, involuntary control systems. Within the central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord contain specialized cell types like neurons that communicate via electrical and chemical signals to regulate all body processes.
1. Full consciousness is an alert state where one is oriented to person, place, time and can comprehend language and think clearly.
2. A confused state involves disorientation and inability to think clearly or use sound judgment.
3. Lethargy is characterized by slowed speech, mental processing and motor activity while still maintaining some orientation.
The nervous system is a highly organized network of billions of nerve cells that functions as the body's control center by integrating sensory information, processing signals, and initiating motor responses through the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is composed of neurons, which communicate through electrical and chemical signals, and neuroglia, which provide support and insulation. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and is divided into sensory and motor divisions that receive input and initiate output, respectively.
The nervous system is a highly organized network of billions of nerve cells that functions as the control center of the body. It has two main parts - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system outside these areas. The peripheral nervous system is further divided into the somatic and autonomic systems. The somatic system controls skeletal muscles and sensation, while the autonomic system regulates involuntary functions through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which work antagonistically to maintain homeostasis. Neurotransmission occurs via the release of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and norepinephrine at synapses and neuroeffector junctions.
The nervous system is a highly organized network of billions of nerve cells that functions as the control center of the body. It has two main parts - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system outside these areas. The peripheral nervous system is further divided into the somatic and autonomic systems. The somatic system controls skeletal muscles and sensation, while the autonomic system regulates involuntary functions through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which work antagonistically to maintain homeostasis. Neurotransmission occurs via the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions.
The nervous system is made up of neurons that transmit signals throughout the body to regulate functions like heartbeat, digestion, and blood pressure in order to maintain homeostasis. It has two main parts - the central nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system with nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem and coordinates all body activities including voluntary movement, balance, and autonomic functions.
The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia. It detects stimuli through sensory neurons, processes information in the central nervous system, and responds through motor neurons. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain is made up of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the body and is divided into the somatic, autonomic, and enteric systems. Neurons have a cell body, dendrites, and axon. The nervous system maintains homeostasis through detection of and response to stimuli.
An educational presentation on basics of neuroanatomy.
it define the scientific terminologies and various cells of nervous tissue. structure and function of all nervous tissue is explained. action potential generation is graphically represented.
An educational presentation on basics of neuroanatomy. It defines various cells of nervous tissue. the structure and function is well defined. It also covers various scientific terminologies and lastly their is graphical representation of action potential generation.
The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes how the nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia cells. Neurons transmit electrochemical signals and have a cell body, dendrites, and axons. There are three types of neurons - afferent, efferent, and interneurons. Neuroglia cells insulate and support neurons. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system processes information and the peripheral nervous system connects to sense organs and effectors.
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals. The basic parts of a neuron include the cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that transmits signals. At the end of the axon are terminals containing neurotransmitters that allow neurons to communicate at synapses. Myelin sheaths surround axons and increase signal conduction speed. Neurons are classified by structure and function, with multipolar neurons having multiple dendrites and one axon, and bipolar/unipolar neurons having one or two processes. The nervous system includes the central and peripheral divisions.
ELEMENTARY TISSUE PPT & Types of tissuesMsSapnaSapna
In simple terms, tissue can be defined as a group of cells with similar shape and function are termed as tissues. They form a cellular organizational level, intermediate between the cells and organ system. Organs are then created by combining the functional groups of tissues.
The nervous system is a highly organized network of billions of nerve cells that functions as the control center of the body. It has two main divisions - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system outside of these. Nerve cells called neurons are specialized to conduct electrical signals called action potentials that allow communication within the nervous system. Neurons have cell bodies and long processes called axons that transmit signals. They communicate with other neurons at junctions called synapses using chemical messenger molecules. The coordinated functions of sensation, integration and response enabled by this neuronal signaling allow the nervous system to monitor and control all bodily functions.
This document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its objectives, organization, key components, and functions. It discusses the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), and autonomic nervous system (ANS). The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia. Neurons and neuroglia are the main cell types. Neurons transmit nerve impulses while neuroglia provide support. The nervous system has sensory, integrative, and motor functions to detect stimuli and control the body's responses.
Tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit. A nonliving material, called the intercellular matrix, fills the spaces between the cells. This may be abundant in some tissues and minimal in others.
The document discusses the nervous system. It begins by outlining the four primary functions of the nervous system: sensing the world, transmitting information, processing information, and producing a response. It then describes neurons and their parts including dendrites, cell body, axon, and axon terminals. It explains the three main types of neurons and provides an overview of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Key areas of the brain and their functions are identified. Finally, it discusses the autonomic nervous system and roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
1 GNM anatomy Unit -11 Central Nervous System CNS.pptxthiru murugan
By: M. Thiru murugan
Unit – 11:
Types of nerves- structure and functions
Brain and cranial nerves.
Spinal cord and motor and sensory pathways of the spinal cord, autonomic nervous system.
Nervous system:
Nervous system is one of vital system in our body which control and coordinate all the functions of body parts.
Classification:
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
1. Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS): Somatic nervous System & Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Central Nervous System (CNS):
The central nervous system (CNS) controls most functions of the body and mind.
It consists of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord.
The brain is the center of our thoughts, the interpreter of our external environment, and the origin of control over body movement.
It interprets information from our special senses, as well as from internal organs
Meninges:
The coverings of brain and spinal cord are called meninge.
There are 3 layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Dura (outer layer)
Arachnoid (middle layer)
Pia matter (inner layer)
Dura mater: The tough outer layer is called the dura mater. protect the central nervous system.
Arachnoid: The middle layer is the arachnoid, It contains cerebrospinal fluid, which acts to cushion the brain
Pia matter: the innermost layer of the meninges, the pia mater closely covers the brain.
Brain:
Introduction:
The brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body.
the brain and spinal cord Together make up the central nervous system, or CNS
The brain receives information through our five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing - often many at one time
Diagram:
Structure:
The brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
Cerebrum (telencephalon or endbrain): is the largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres. It performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.
Cerebellum (little brain): is located under the cerebrum. Its function is to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance.
Brainstem: consist midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord.
Functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.
Lobes of the brain:
Each hemisphere has 4 lobes:
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Each lobe may be divided, once again, into areas that serve very specific functions
The cerebral cortex has many folds, called the gyrus (plural: "gyri") and its trough is called a sulcus (plural: sulci)
Deep structure of Brain:
Hypothalamus: is located in the floor of the third ventricle and
The document provides an overview of the brain and its functions. It discusses that the brain is composed of different parts that work together to control movements, thoughts, emotions and behaviors. It also notes that the brain receives support and protection from other body parts like blood vessels, the skull and membranes. The document then describes the main sections of the brain - the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain - and provides details on the roles and structures within each section. It also discusses neurons, neurotransmitters and how they facilitate communication within the brain and nervous system.
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its evolution and components. It begins by describing how nervous systems first evolved in simple animals like cnidarians to sense and respond to stimuli. It then details the increasing complexity of nervous systems in more advanced animals, leading to centralized brains and spinal cords. In humans, the nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes nerves and ganglia. The key components and functions of the human brain and spinal cord are also summarized.
Muscle tissue is composed of bundles of long cells called muscle fibers that contract through the overlapping of actin and myosin proteins. There are three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, multinucleated, and voluntary. It attaches to bones via tendons and facilitates movement, posture, and heat generation. Cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, found only in the heart, where its contractions pump blood. Smooth muscle is non-striated, involuntary muscle that forms sheets in organs to generate movements like peristalsis.
The document summarizes key aspects of the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating motor responses through neuronal signaling. Within the nervous system, neurons communicate with each other via synapses to transmit electrochemical signals. Supporting glial cells aid neuronal function and regeneration.
The nervous system is a highly organized network of billions of nerve cells that functions as the body's control center by integrating sensory information, processing signals, and initiating motor responses through the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is composed of neurons, which communicate through electrical and chemical signals, and neuroglia, which provide support and insulation. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and is divided into sensory and motor divisions that receive input and initiate output, respectively.
The nervous system is a highly organized network of billions of nerve cells that functions as the control center of the body. It has two main parts - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system outside these areas. The peripheral nervous system is further divided into the somatic and autonomic systems. The somatic system controls skeletal muscles and sensation, while the autonomic system regulates involuntary functions through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which work antagonistically to maintain homeostasis. Neurotransmission occurs via the release of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and norepinephrine at synapses and neuroeffector junctions.
The nervous system is a highly organized network of billions of nerve cells that functions as the control center of the body. It has two main parts - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system outside these areas. The peripheral nervous system is further divided into the somatic and autonomic systems. The somatic system controls skeletal muscles and sensation, while the autonomic system regulates involuntary functions through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which work antagonistically to maintain homeostasis. Neurotransmission occurs via the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions.
The nervous system is made up of neurons that transmit signals throughout the body to regulate functions like heartbeat, digestion, and blood pressure in order to maintain homeostasis. It has two main parts - the central nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system with nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem and coordinates all body activities including voluntary movement, balance, and autonomic functions.
The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia. It detects stimuli through sensory neurons, processes information in the central nervous system, and responds through motor neurons. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain is made up of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the body and is divided into the somatic, autonomic, and enteric systems. Neurons have a cell body, dendrites, and axon. The nervous system maintains homeostasis through detection of and response to stimuli.
An educational presentation on basics of neuroanatomy.
it define the scientific terminologies and various cells of nervous tissue. structure and function of all nervous tissue is explained. action potential generation is graphically represented.
An educational presentation on basics of neuroanatomy. It defines various cells of nervous tissue. the structure and function is well defined. It also covers various scientific terminologies and lastly their is graphical representation of action potential generation.
The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes how the nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia cells. Neurons transmit electrochemical signals and have a cell body, dendrites, and axons. There are three types of neurons - afferent, efferent, and interneurons. Neuroglia cells insulate and support neurons. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system processes information and the peripheral nervous system connects to sense organs and effectors.
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals. The basic parts of a neuron include the cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that transmits signals. At the end of the axon are terminals containing neurotransmitters that allow neurons to communicate at synapses. Myelin sheaths surround axons and increase signal conduction speed. Neurons are classified by structure and function, with multipolar neurons having multiple dendrites and one axon, and bipolar/unipolar neurons having one or two processes. The nervous system includes the central and peripheral divisions.
ELEMENTARY TISSUE PPT & Types of tissuesMsSapnaSapna
In simple terms, tissue can be defined as a group of cells with similar shape and function are termed as tissues. They form a cellular organizational level, intermediate between the cells and organ system. Organs are then created by combining the functional groups of tissues.
The nervous system is a highly organized network of billions of nerve cells that functions as the control center of the body. It has two main divisions - the central nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system outside of these. Nerve cells called neurons are specialized to conduct electrical signals called action potentials that allow communication within the nervous system. Neurons have cell bodies and long processes called axons that transmit signals. They communicate with other neurons at junctions called synapses using chemical messenger molecules. The coordinated functions of sensation, integration and response enabled by this neuronal signaling allow the nervous system to monitor and control all bodily functions.
This document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its objectives, organization, key components, and functions. It discusses the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), and autonomic nervous system (ANS). The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia. Neurons and neuroglia are the main cell types. Neurons transmit nerve impulses while neuroglia provide support. The nervous system has sensory, integrative, and motor functions to detect stimuli and control the body's responses.
Tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit. A nonliving material, called the intercellular matrix, fills the spaces between the cells. This may be abundant in some tissues and minimal in others.
The document discusses the nervous system. It begins by outlining the four primary functions of the nervous system: sensing the world, transmitting information, processing information, and producing a response. It then describes neurons and their parts including dendrites, cell body, axon, and axon terminals. It explains the three main types of neurons and provides an overview of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Key areas of the brain and their functions are identified. Finally, it discusses the autonomic nervous system and roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
1 GNM anatomy Unit -11 Central Nervous System CNS.pptxthiru murugan
By: M. Thiru murugan
Unit – 11:
Types of nerves- structure and functions
Brain and cranial nerves.
Spinal cord and motor and sensory pathways of the spinal cord, autonomic nervous system.
Nervous system:
Nervous system is one of vital system in our body which control and coordinate all the functions of body parts.
Classification:
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
1. Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS): Somatic nervous System & Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Central Nervous System (CNS):
The central nervous system (CNS) controls most functions of the body and mind.
It consists of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord.
The brain is the center of our thoughts, the interpreter of our external environment, and the origin of control over body movement.
It interprets information from our special senses, as well as from internal organs
Meninges:
The coverings of brain and spinal cord are called meninge.
There are 3 layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Dura (outer layer)
Arachnoid (middle layer)
Pia matter (inner layer)
Dura mater: The tough outer layer is called the dura mater. protect the central nervous system.
Arachnoid: The middle layer is the arachnoid, It contains cerebrospinal fluid, which acts to cushion the brain
Pia matter: the innermost layer of the meninges, the pia mater closely covers the brain.
Brain:
Introduction:
The brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body.
the brain and spinal cord Together make up the central nervous system, or CNS
The brain receives information through our five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing - often many at one time
Diagram:
Structure:
The brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
Cerebrum (telencephalon or endbrain): is the largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres. It performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.
Cerebellum (little brain): is located under the cerebrum. Its function is to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance.
Brainstem: consist midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord.
Functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.
Lobes of the brain:
Each hemisphere has 4 lobes:
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Each lobe may be divided, once again, into areas that serve very specific functions
The cerebral cortex has many folds, called the gyrus (plural: "gyri") and its trough is called a sulcus (plural: sulci)
Deep structure of Brain:
Hypothalamus: is located in the floor of the third ventricle and
The document provides an overview of the brain and its functions. It discusses that the brain is composed of different parts that work together to control movements, thoughts, emotions and behaviors. It also notes that the brain receives support and protection from other body parts like blood vessels, the skull and membranes. The document then describes the main sections of the brain - the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain - and provides details on the roles and structures within each section. It also discusses neurons, neurotransmitters and how they facilitate communication within the brain and nervous system.
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its evolution and components. It begins by describing how nervous systems first evolved in simple animals like cnidarians to sense and respond to stimuli. It then details the increasing complexity of nervous systems in more advanced animals, leading to centralized brains and spinal cords. In humans, the nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes nerves and ganglia. The key components and functions of the human brain and spinal cord are also summarized.
Muscle tissue is composed of bundles of long cells called muscle fibers that contract through the overlapping of actin and myosin proteins. There are three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, multinucleated, and voluntary. It attaches to bones via tendons and facilitates movement, posture, and heat generation. Cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, found only in the heart, where its contractions pump blood. Smooth muscle is non-striated, involuntary muscle that forms sheets in organs to generate movements like peristalsis.
The document summarizes key aspects of the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating motor responses through neuronal signaling. Within the nervous system, neurons communicate with each other via synapses to transmit electrochemical signals. Supporting glial cells aid neuronal function and regeneration.
Similar to final demo about Nervous_MusclesSkeleton.ppt (20)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
2. Human Body Systems
• Humans have complex systems
• Cells are grouped for efficiency
• Dynamic equilibrium
3. Levels of Organization
In a multicellular organism levels are:
cells tissues organs organ
systems
tissues: group of similar cells that perform
same function
organ: group of tissues that work together to
perform complex function (ex: sight)
organ system: group of organs that perform
closely related functions
4. Human Organ Systems
• Nervous System
• Respiratory System
• Digestive System
• Skeletal System
• Muscular System
• Circulatory System
• Excretory System
• Endocrine System
• Lymphatic/Immune
System
• Reproductive System
5. Body Systems Functions
• Although each of the 10 organ systems
has a different set of functions, they all
work together, as a whole, to maintain
homeostasis.
6. Nervous System
• The nervous system controls and
coordinates functions throughout the body
and responds to internal and external
stimuli
• Nearly all multicellular organisms have
communication systems
– Specialized cells carry messages from one
cell to another
– Smooth and efficient communication through
the body
7. Nervous System
• Messages carried by nervous system are
electrical signals called impulses
• Cells that transmit these impulses are
called neurons (basic units of nervous
system)
– 3 types of neurons
1. Sensory
2. Motor
3. Interneurons
8. Neurons
• Sensory: Carry impulses from sense
organs (eyes, ears, etc) to the spinal cord
and brain
• Motor: carry impulses from the brain and
spinal cord to muscles and glands
• Interneurons: connect sensory and motor
neurons and carry impulses between them
9. Parts of a Neuron
• Cell Body
– Largest part; contains nucleus and most of cytoplasm
– Most metabolic activities occur here
• Dendrites
– Short, branched extensions
– Carry impulses from environment or other neuron toward cell
body
– Neurons can have several dendrites
• Axon
– Long fiber which carries impulses away from cell body
– Ends in axon terminals, located a distance away from cell body
– Neurons only have one axon
• Myelin Sheath
– Insulating membrane surrounding axon
11. Nerve Impulse
• An impulse begins when a neuron is
stimulated by another neuron or the
environment
12. Synapse
• Location where a
neuron can transfer
an impulse to another
cell
• Space between
neurons
• Neurotransmitters are
chemicals used by
neurons to transmit
an impulse across the
synapse
13. Human Nervous System
• Divided into two major divisions:
– Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Relays messages, processes info and
analyzes info
– Peripheral Nervous System
• Receives information from the environment
and relays commands from the CNS to
organs and glands
15. Brain
• Made of 50-100 billion neurons
• 4 lobes or regions
– Frontal Lobe- memory, judgment, inhibitions,
personality
– Temporal Lobe- Long term memory, auditory
processing
– Occipital Lobe- Vision processing
– Parietal Lobe- Sensory integration
16.
17. Spinal Cord
• Main communications link between the
brain and the rest of the body
• Certain kinds of info (reflexes) are
processed in spinal cord
• Reflex is a quick, automatic response to a
stimulus
– Sneezing and blinking
– Allows your body to respond to danger
immediately without thinking
18. Peripheral Nervous System
• Lies outside of CNS
• Consists of all the nerves and cells that
are not a part of the brain or spinal cord
– Cranial nerves
– Divided into 2 divisions:
• Sensory
• Motor
19. Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory division:
transmits impulses from sense organs to the
CNS
Motor division:
transmits impulses from CNS to muscles and
glands
1. somatic nervous system- regulates
conscious controlled activities
2. autonomic nervous system- regulates
activities that are automatic or involuntary
~Divided into sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system
20.
21. Muscles
• Nerves act on muscles to move the body
and control bodily functions
• Types of muscles
– Skeletal- Usually attached to bones; cause
voluntary movement.
– Smooth-Found in hollow organs; causes
involuntary movement
– Cardiac: Found only in the heart; causes the
heart to beat.
22. Smooth Muscle Tissue
• Not under voluntary control
• Found in stomach, intestines, blood
vessels, etc.
• Also, your diaphragm-the muscles which
causes your lungs to expand and contract.
23. Skeletal Muscles
• Skeletal muscles are called striated,
because they are collections of muscle
fibers, or cells.
• Skeletal muscle cells are very large and
complex
– From 1mm to 30 cm long!
– Have many nuclei
24. How do Skeletal Muscles Work?
• Muscles do their work when the
contract—that’s why each muscle in your
body has two sets, one to contract your
arm or leg in one direction, and another
muscle to contract and move it back.
• But, in order for the muscle to contract,
special steps have to happen inside each
cell.
25. Inside a Muscle Cell
• Inside a muscle cell, there
filaments, thin and thick
made of protein.
• The thin filament is called
actin.
• The thick filament is called
myosin.
• Myosin grips the actin and
pulls it when the muscle
contracts
26. Cardiac Muscle
• Cardiac muscle is heart
muscle
– Striated but involuntary
– Always working
– All heart muscle cells have to
contract at once, so a small
patch on the heart tells the
cardiac muscles to contract
27. Skeletal System
• Muscles can’t cause movement without
something to PULL on
• Functions of the Skeletal System
1. Supports the body
2. Protects internal organs
3. Provides for movement
4. Stores mineral reserves
5. Provides site for blood cell formation
28. Bones
• Bones are protein fibers
and calcium deposits.
– 206 bones in an adult, 215 in
an infant
– Bone cells are called
osteocytes
– Compact bone is solid
– Spongy bone is like a
network of girders, strong but
light
29. Bone Marrow
• Bone marrow- found within cavities of
bones
– 2 types: yellow primarily fat cells
red produces RBC’s, some WBC’s
and platelets
30. Joints
• Joints are where bones connect with each
other
• Many types of joints
• Three types of connective tissue
– Ligaments-Connect bone to bone
– Tendons-Connect muscle to bone
– Bursa-Small sacs that act as shock absorbers
