2. 2007/07/06 2
風險管理與危機處理
A. “ 預期會發生的…”→交給「風險管理」
B. “ 真的發生了…” →交給「危機處理」
C. “ 發生了預期外的…” →也交給「危機處理」
D. 降低「危機處理」的最好方法→主動式風險管
理
E. 風險管理的最好方法→鼓勵無責任過失誠實申
報虛驚事件
20. 2007/07/06 20
Management/Planning, Requirements, Analysis, and Assessments
A B C
Technology
Development
System Development &
Demonstration Production & Deployment
Operations &
Support
Pre-Systems Acquisition Systems Acquisition Sustainment
Program
Initiation
Critical Design Review FRP Decision Review
System Safety Management Plan
System Safety Program PlanPESHE/SSPP/HMMP
PHLPHL PHAPHAPHLPHL PHAPHA
SR/CARegulatory Compliance/SRCA
Concept
Refinement
Concept Decision
SSHASSHA
O&SHAO&SHA
SHASHA
HHAHHA
Design Change Reviews & AnalysesDesign Change Reviews & Analyses
Hazard Tracking DatabaseHazard Tracking System
LRIP/OT&E
MIL -STD -2105B / MIL -S -901
Safety Assessment Reports Safety Assessment Reports
NEPA/EO 12114 Analysis and Documentation
環境、安全 職場健康危害分析暨
(ESOH Hazard Analyses)
ESOH : Environment, Safety and Occupational Health
35. 2007/07/06 35
Healthcare FMEA Worksheet
1 Process Step
2 Potential Failure Mode
3 Potential Cause(s)
4 Severity
5 Probability
6 Hazard Score
Step4
7 Decision (Proceed or Stop)
(Note: If the score is 8 or higher and
the decision is to “Stop,” document
the rationale for this decision)
8 Action (Eliminate, Control, or
Accept)
9 Description of Action
10 Outcome Measure
11 Person Responsible
Step5
12 Management concurrence
(yes or no)
41. 2007/07/06 41
風險矩陣 Risk Matrix
9 I N T O L E R -
8 A B L E
7
6 A R E G -
5 L I O N
4 A
3 B R
2 A P
ProbabilityofOccurrence
1 R
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Severity
Intolerable
Region
As Low As
Reasonably
Practicable
Region
(ALARP)
Broadly
Acceptable
Region (BAR)
Risk Concept According to ISO 14971
April 2001 Tony C. Chan
42. 2007/07/06 42
故障樹分析 FTA
故障樹 (fault trees) 是一種 輯關係的因果圖,邏
用於系統安全分析,目的在於分析可能導致故障
的事件,使用 AND 和 OR 閘 表達可能造成意來
外的原因組合。最上層的樹根 (root) 為根事件
(top event) ,即意外 況,使用狀 AND 或 OR 閘
將多個原因組合起 。最下層的節點為基本事件來
(basic event) ,即為意外的最終原因。