A paper read at the 11th Philippine Linguistics Congress, 07-09 December 2011 @ NISMED University of the Philippines, Diliman Quezon City.

1. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, PhD
University of Malaya
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
A paper read at the 11th Philippine Linguistics Congress
07-09 December 2011
NISMED University of the Philippines

2.  capital - Region XI (Southern Mindanao):
Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, and Compostela Valley
 population : 4,156,653
(2007 census, http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru11/)
 Cebuano : language of the majority (74.56%)
http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr02123tx.html
Summer Institute of Linguistics: 91% to 97% of Davao residents use Cebuano*
 English : institutions of learning, commerce & trade
 Filipino: widely spoken (next to Cebuano)
*Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL
International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=daw.

3. Cebuano 74.56% Ilocano 1.01%
Tagalog 3.86% Waray 0.55%
Hiligaynon 3.43% Maguindanao 1.91%
Bagobo, Guiangao 3.16% Bilaan 1.67%
Tagacaolo 2.38% Davaweño 1.26%
Manobo 2.15% other languages 2.04%
Mandaya 2.01% uncertain 0.01%.
Source: http://davao.islandsphilippines.com/davao_dialect.html citing Statistical Variable,
Regional QuarterlyPublication, National Census & Statistics Office, Davao City.

4. 1. Tagalog- Bisaya blend
Tagalog na Binisaya
BISLOG < Bis(ayang) (Taga)log
TAGBIS < Tag(alog) Bis(aya)
2. English- Filipino mix
> closely resembles the Metro Manila Filipino

5. • English-Filipino
English- Codeswitch
Filipino Mix • Very close to MMF
• Tagalog na Binisaya
Tagalog-Bisaya • BISLOG < Bis(ayang)
(Taga)log
Blend • TAGBIS < Tag(alog) Bis(aya)

6. 2.1 FVD Type 1 Clauses (Filipino-English Codeswitch)
1a) Nagpapakaserious sa work and naglilibang sa net
kung bakit pa kasi ako nainlove.
Eng: pretending to be serious at work and keeping busy at the internet,
why did i have to fall in love.
1b) Bro, dont do that... naglilibang si pareng bobby alvarez, eh...
Eng: brother. . . . . . . . .our friend bobby alvarez is relaxing, you know.
1c) Let’s go na po, sa paborito nato!
Eng: Come now, let’s go, to our favorite (place)
1d) Dad, I love it here, BUY NA, NOW NA!
Eng: . . . . . . . . . . buy now, this instant.
Sources:
(2a) www.tristancafe.com/forum/46
(2b) mannypacquiao.ph/forum/viewtopic.php?t=12132&sid=996b764ed88d5d35bfd3c495f4a7cb63
(2c-d) billboards along the highway

7. 2.2 FVD BISLOG/TAGBIS Features
2.2.1. predominance of Tag words
2a) Dahil wala akong magawa ay naglibang-libang ako.
Because neg 1SGen-link do-Apt IM amuse-Perf 1PNom
Because I could do nothing, I amused myself /kept myself occupied.
2b) Wag lang dagat na magtabok kami dahil takot akong
neg just sea that ConAF-cross 1PNom because afraid 1SGenlinker
sumakay ng bangka para tumabok.
board- ConAF indefM canoe to cross
Not just the sea where we need to cross because I’m afraid to board a canoe
to cross.
2c) mas mabuti kung muhawa na lang mi kay kusog lagi ang ulan!
more good if AFleave-Con just 1PGen because hard part the rain
It is better if we just leave because the rain is really hard (it’s raining hard)
Source: http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/dav/2005/01/19/life/lizada.tagalog.na.binasaya.html

8. 2.2.2 Insertion of BIS particles in clauses
2d) Mabait bitaw gyud si Weng
good-natured part really AM Weng
Tag: Totoong mabait talaga si Weng.
Eng: Weng is really good-natured.
2e) Galenga talaga niya gyud, uy!
excellent really 3SGen part
Tag: Ang galing niya talaga!
Eng: She really is excellent!
Source (3d): Galenga Talaga Niya Gyud, Uy!”
http://thespoke.net/blogs/yeoj/archive/2006/01/12/931047.aspx

9. 2.2.3 The affixation of BIS verbal affixes to TAG roots are done in accordance
with the morphological rules of BIS
2f) Hindi pa man siya nag-dating, uy.
neg part part 3SNom ProgAF-arrive part
Tag: Hindi pa siya dumating kasi.
Eng: S/he has not arrived yet. (What’s taking her/him so long?)
2g) Ayaw kasi nilang mag-lapit sa akin, di ayaw
neg because 3PGenLinker ConAF-come near to 1SLoc so neg
ko na ring maglapit sa kanila.
1SNom part part to 3PLoc
Tag: Ayaw kasi nilang lumapit sa akin, kaya ayaw ko na ring lumapit sa kanila.
Eng: Because they don’t want to come near me, so I don’t also want to go
near them.
Source of (2f and g): “Pagkakaisa sa Gitna ng Pagkakaiba-iba,” a homily delivered by
Pastor Roderick Raut to the Tagalog congregation of the Davao City UCCP on May 2004.

10. 2h) Gisabi kasi ni Helen na mag-absent
PerfOF-say because AM Helen that ConAF-absent
si Bernard bukas
AM Bernard tomorrow
Tag: Sinabi kasi ni Helen na aabsent si Bernard bukas.
Eng: Because Helen said that Bernard will be absent tomorrow
2i) Maka-inis man yan siya, uy!
AptCon-irritate part that 1SNom part
Tag: Nakakainis talaga siya!
Bis: Makalagot man na siya uy!
Eng: S/he really makes one mad!

11. 2.2.4 nakin : Tag ko
2j) Alam man nakin `yan ba!
know part 1PNom that part
Tag: Alam ko na man yan.
Eng: I already know that.
2k) Saan nakin kita* nakita gani?
where 1SNom PerfAF-see part
Tag: Saan nga ba kita nakita?
Eng: Where have I seen you before?
*Kita is a Tagalog pronoun that express the I-You paradigm as in Mahal Kita
(I love you) or Isumbong kita (I’ll tell on you).

12. 3. Observations
3.1. Verbnaglibang-libang (1a)
 TAGlibang (to amuse or to keep busy)
 does not appear in this form
(viz., Vaf – Rootlibang-totalRedupl) in TAG.
 In BIS, libang does not co-occur with the affix mag-; affixed with
ma- means “to defecate.”

13. 3.2 BIS root tabok (TAG. Tawid in 2b)
affixed by mag- and –um- : “to cross”.
magtabok, tumabok - FVD
>Tagalog : tumawid (*magtawid)
> BIStabok - mo-, mang- (manabok),
magtabok?/ tumabok?
3.3 use of verbal affixes mag- or nag- in lieu of the TAG –um-
Tagdating in (2f): nagdating –dumating
Taglapit in (2g) : maglapit –lumapit

14. 3.4 use of BIS Vaf gi- in lieu of TAG -in- as shown in (2h) :
Tagsabi : FVDgisabi : Tagsinabi
3.5 BIS Vaf maka- in (2i) is used in accordance with BIS
morphosyntax.
3.6 morpheme –a affixed to BIS adjective galenga (2e) to express
intensity. (Other examples: dakoa (how big);
gamaya (how little or how small)
3.7 use of the pronoun nakin in FVD for TAG ko

15. 1. Combines BIS and TAG words in a clause and uses
BIS particles.
2. Uses BIS particles in Tag-Bis clauses
3. Applies BIS morphosyntactic rules on TAG
morphemes
 suffixing of –a to adjectives to convey their
intensive form (2e)
 affixing BIS verbal affixes to Tag verb base
4. Uses nakin (1PNom) in lieu of Tagko

16.  Can Tagalog words with BIS affixes derived through
BIS morphosyntactic rules be called Tagalog still?
 Can the foregoing clauses be considered BIS because
they are derived through the morphosyntactic rules
of BIS despite its seemingly Tagalog form?
 Is the FVD TAGBIS a variety of Tagalog?
 Is Filipino Tagalog?

17. "The core of the real Filipino language is the
Filipino as spoken in Davao and not the
Balagtas Tagalog in Bulacan [Luzon]. . . A
language and its usage should grow and that
is what is happening in Davao,” former
University of the Philippines President
Francisco Nemenzo.
Source: Davao dialect backed as RP national language. Accessed on 23 ng September
2005 from the website of The Manila Times:
http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2005/jan/23/yehey/metro/20050123met1.html

18.  1PNom, 1stPerson Plural Nominative
 1SGen-link, 1stPerson-Singular-Genetive-Linker
 1PGen, 1stPerson Genetive
 AM, actor marker
 Apt, Aptative
 ConAF, Contemplated-ActorFocus
 IM, Inversion Marker
 indefM, indefinite Marker
 neg, negative;
 Perf, Perfected
 PerfOF, perfected Object Focus
 Redup, reduplication
 Vaf – verbal affix

19. Bisaya Bloggers, Ato ni Bai`! Accessed 27 December 2007 from
bisayabloggers.blogspot.com/2005_04_01_bisayabloggers_archive.html
Davao dialect backed as RP national language. Accessed 23 September 2005
from the website of The Manila Times:
http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2005/jan/23/yehey/metro/20050123met1.html
Davao Language(s) and Dialect(s). Accessed 04 April 2009 from the website of
Davao Island Philipines at
http://davao.islandsphilippines.com/davao_dialect.html citing "Statistical
Variable", Regional Quarterly Publication National Census & Statistics Office,
Davao City.
Galenga Talaga Niya Gyud, Uy! Accessed 31 January 2006 from the website
The Spoke at: http://thespoke.net/blogs/yeoj/archive/2006/01/12/931047.aspx
Lizada, Rene. Tagalog na Binasaya (Part Two). Accessed 27 December 2008
from the SunStar Davao website at:
http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/dav/2005/01/19/life/lizada.tagalog.na.binasaya.html

20. Manny Pacquiao, The Destroyer. Accessed 31 January 2009 from
forum.philboxing at:
mannypacquiao.ph/forum/viewtopic.php?t=12132&sid=996b764ed88
d5d35bfd3c495f4a7cb63.
Raut, Roderick. “Pagkakaisa sa Gitna ng Pagkakaiba-iba”, homily
delivered during the Tagalog Service at the Davao City UCCP on
May 2004.
Rubrico, Jessie Grace. The Metamorphosis of Filipino as National
Language. Accessed on 23 Nov 2009 from the author’s website at:
www.languagelinks.org/onlinepapers/fil_met.html
TristanCafe Forums: Wala lang gusto ko lang magkwento. Accessed 07
January 2009 from : www.tristancafe.com/forum/46