introduction, history of rotary instruments in endodontics, classification, properties of NiTi, generations and design features, rotary file systems available
This document provides information on single file systems for root canal preparation. It discusses the history of reciprocation motion and generations of rotary file systems. Specific single file systems like WaveOne and Reciproc are described in detail, including their design features and advantages. The document emphasizes that recent advances in endodontics have focused on completing root canal shaping with only one or two files to be more efficient and minimize procedural errors.
The document discusses the history and development of reciprocating systems for shaping root canals. It traces the evolution from early systems that used large, equal angles of rotation to modern single-file systems like WaveOne and Reciproc that use unequal angles of small rotation. These newer systems utilize M-wire alloy and are designed for maximum flexibility and fatigue resistance. Studies show reciprocating systems take less time than rotary systems while maintaining canal anatomy, though results on debris removal are mixed and they may cause more dentinal defects.
Nickel Titanium Instruments in Endodontics: Part-1Ashok Ayer
This document discusses nickel-titanium instruments used in endodontics. It begins with a brief history of canal instrumentation and then covers topics like the manufacture of instruments, the properties of nickel titanium that make it suitable for endodontic tools, including shape memory and superelasticity. The document provides details on how heat sterilization affects nickel titanium instruments and their failure mechanisms. It also discusses comparative studies that have been done and strategies for improving nickel titanium instruments.
Endodontic instruments can be categorized based on their function and manufacturing process. Key instruments include files for cleaning and shaping root canals. K-files and Hedstrom files are used for manual preparation in a filing motion, while K-reamers are used for rotary preparation. Nickel-titanium alloys like nitinol are commonly used as they are more flexible than stainless steel. Standardization of taper and size helps ensure consistency between manufacturers. Proper technique and instrument inspection are important to minimize risks like ledging, distortion and fracture.
Rotary endodontic systems provide several advantages over traditional hand filing for cleaning and shaping root canals. The key components of a rotary system include an endomotor for controlled rotation, stainless steel K-files for initial negotiation and maintaining patency, and nickel-titanium rotary files. Proper irrigation, isolation, and a crown-down technique are important for safely and effectively preparing the canal using rotary files. After cleaning and shaping, the final step is obturation to three-dimensionally fill the root canal space.
Ni ti endodontic instrument by Dr. vivek upadhyayvivek Upadhyay
Nickel-titanium alloys are commonly used in endodontic instruments due to their shape memory and super elastic properties. This document discusses the composition and manufacturing of NiTi alloys. It then summarizes various NiTi file systems including ProTaper, Great Taper, ProFile, Quantec, RACE, K3, and EndoSequence, outlining their designs, sizes, tapers and recommended usage. Safety tips are provided for using NiTi files to avoid fractures which can be difficult to detect visually due to the alloy's elastic memory.
This presentation describes about evolution of nitinol (NiTi), its properties, manufacturing, metallurgy and various rotary systems in the field of endodontics.
introduction, history of rotary instruments in endodontics, classification, properties of NiTi, generations and design features, rotary file systems available
This document provides information on single file systems for root canal preparation. It discusses the history of reciprocation motion and generations of rotary file systems. Specific single file systems like WaveOne and Reciproc are described in detail, including their design features and advantages. The document emphasizes that recent advances in endodontics have focused on completing root canal shaping with only one or two files to be more efficient and minimize procedural errors.
The document discusses the history and development of reciprocating systems for shaping root canals. It traces the evolution from early systems that used large, equal angles of rotation to modern single-file systems like WaveOne and Reciproc that use unequal angles of small rotation. These newer systems utilize M-wire alloy and are designed for maximum flexibility and fatigue resistance. Studies show reciprocating systems take less time than rotary systems while maintaining canal anatomy, though results on debris removal are mixed and they may cause more dentinal defects.
Nickel Titanium Instruments in Endodontics: Part-1Ashok Ayer
This document discusses nickel-titanium instruments used in endodontics. It begins with a brief history of canal instrumentation and then covers topics like the manufacture of instruments, the properties of nickel titanium that make it suitable for endodontic tools, including shape memory and superelasticity. The document provides details on how heat sterilization affects nickel titanium instruments and their failure mechanisms. It also discusses comparative studies that have been done and strategies for improving nickel titanium instruments.
Endodontic instruments can be categorized based on their function and manufacturing process. Key instruments include files for cleaning and shaping root canals. K-files and Hedstrom files are used for manual preparation in a filing motion, while K-reamers are used for rotary preparation. Nickel-titanium alloys like nitinol are commonly used as they are more flexible than stainless steel. Standardization of taper and size helps ensure consistency between manufacturers. Proper technique and instrument inspection are important to minimize risks like ledging, distortion and fracture.
Rotary endodontic systems provide several advantages over traditional hand filing for cleaning and shaping root canals. The key components of a rotary system include an endomotor for controlled rotation, stainless steel K-files for initial negotiation and maintaining patency, and nickel-titanium rotary files. Proper irrigation, isolation, and a crown-down technique are important for safely and effectively preparing the canal using rotary files. After cleaning and shaping, the final step is obturation to three-dimensionally fill the root canal space.
Ni ti endodontic instrument by Dr. vivek upadhyayvivek Upadhyay
Nickel-titanium alloys are commonly used in endodontic instruments due to their shape memory and super elastic properties. This document discusses the composition and manufacturing of NiTi alloys. It then summarizes various NiTi file systems including ProTaper, Great Taper, ProFile, Quantec, RACE, K3, and EndoSequence, outlining their designs, sizes, tapers and recommended usage. Safety tips are provided for using NiTi files to avoid fractures which can be difficult to detect visually due to the alloy's elastic memory.
This presentation describes about evolution of nitinol (NiTi), its properties, manufacturing, metallurgy and various rotary systems in the field of endodontics.
The document discusses root canal preparation techniques using rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments. It introduces the concepts of "cleaning and shaping" root canals put forth by Schilder in 1974. It then discusses the design objectives and characteristics of different generations of NiTi rotary instruments, including taper, rake angle, radial land, helical angle, and pitch number. The document also covers the functions of NiTi instruments regarding torsional stress, bending fatigue, speed and torque. Finally, it compares root canal preparation techniques like crown-down versus step-back approaches and addresses advances in NiTi metallurgy.
Endodontic instruments basic & hand instrumentsddert
The document discusses various endodontic instruments used for root canal treatment. It describes the evolution of endodontic instruments from crude early designs to modern specialized instruments. It provides classifications of endodontic instruments and details various instruments, including their design, sizes, recommended usage techniques, and safety tips. Instrument types discussed include files, reamers, broaches, spreaders, and pluggers. The document also covers standardization of instrument sizes and tapers over time.
The document discusses various techniques for root canal preparation and shaping. It describes the objectives of cleaning and shaping, which include removing infected tissue, providing space for disinfectants and filling materials, and retaining tooth structure. Several instrumentation techniques are covered, such as step-back preparation, which involves incrementally reducing the working length, and anticurvature filing, which shapes the canal away from thin root sections. The document also addresses other methods like standardized preparation and considerations for curved canals.
1. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal is essential for root canal treatment success by removing all contents from the root canal system.
2. Various techniques have been developed over time for root canal instrumentation including step-back, crown-down, and balanced force techniques.
3. Contemporary techniques such as ProTaper Next and Self-Adjusting File use engine-driven files and continuous irrigation for more efficient cleaning and shaping of the complex root canal anatomy.
This document provides information on restoring endodontically treated teeth using post and core systems. It discusses the history of post systems, definitions, reasons for restoration, types of post and core systems, principles of tooth preparation, and the procedure for post and core fabrication. Custom cast and prefabricated post options are presented, as well as factors to consider for post length, width, and retention form. The importance of ferrule effect for fracture resistance is emphasized. In summary, this document serves as a guide for restoring endodontically treated teeth using post and core systems in a way that maximizes strength, retention and minimizes further damage to tooth structure.
Rotary endodontic instruments are used within root canals and follow rotational motion dynamics. They are replacing conventional hand files to improve canal shaping ability and reduce clinical errors. Nickel-titanium alloys are commonly used due to their ability to flexibly conform to canal curvatures without plastic deformation. Modern rotary instrument systems incorporate torque-controlled motors that can reverse rotation to prevent instrument separation if excessive torque is applied. Continued research aims to further optimize flexibility, strength and cutting ability of these instruments.
The document discusses NiTi endodontic files, specifically the HyFlex CM file. It describes how NiTi files work using shape memory properties to improve flexibility and reduce problems like ledges. The HyFlex CM file uses controlled memory processing to further increase flexibility without rebound. This allows for superior canal tracking and reduces procedural errors. Studies show the HyFlex CM files have up to 339% higher fatigue resistance than standard NiTi files and less debris extrusion and dentinal cracks compared to other file types.
Rotary endodontic system, protaper feachers and techniquesRizgar Saeed
Rotary nickel-titanium files like ProTaper simplify root canal preparation and maintain canal curvature. ProTaper features progressively tapering blades and modified guiding tips to improve cutting efficiency and safety. The system uses shaping files SX, S1, and S2 to prepare the coronal and middle thirds, followed by finishing files F1, F2, and F3 to refine the entire canal. ProTaper's unique progressive tapers and variable helical angles reduce stress on instruments.
1. The document discusses various aspects of root canal instrumentation including the goals, hand vs rotary instrumentation, nickel-titanium files, file design features, and advances in endodontic motors.
2. Key aspects of file design discussed include taper, cross-section, lands, flutes, helical angles, pitch, and tip design. Qualities of different file types like ProTaper, K3, and GT files are compared.
3. The document also covers generations of endodontic motors from first to fourth generation and features like torque control, auto-reverse, and apex locators that improve safety and outcomes.
Current Concepts in Access Cavity PreparationUrvashi Tanwar
1) Traditional access cavity preparations using large round burs and Gates Glidden drills can remove excessive tooth structure and weaken teeth.
2) A more conservative access design called the "inverse funnel" or "blind funneling" is proposed to preserve the critical peri-cervical dentin through use of smaller tapered burs and partial de-roofing of the pulp chamber while still allowing for adequate debridement and obturation.
3) A study found that endodontically treated teeth with preservation of the peri-cervical dentin and pulp chamber "soffit" had greater fracture resistance compared to traditional access preparations due to reinforcement of remaining tooth structure.
Understanding the basic metallurgy, commonly used instruments and newly available rotary systems in the market enable us to better disinfect the root canal.
This document lists and describes various instruments used in endodontic treatment. It discusses probes, broaches, Gates Glidden drills, and Peeso reamer drills used to remove pulp and enlarge canals. Also described are endodontic files for shaping canals, NiTi rotary instruments, lentulo spiral fillers for placing materials, spreaders and pluggers for obturation, absorbent points and gutta percha for filling canals, and various measuring and testing devices like apex locators and electric pulp testers. Precautions are outlined for safe use of these instruments.
This document provides an overview of gutta percha, including its discovery, historical uses, sources, evolution in dentistry, composition, chemistry, phases, properties, and commercial manufacture. Gutta percha is a natural polymer that has been used in dentistry as a root canal filling material since the 19th century due to its biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal walls and provide a fluid-tight seal at the apex. It exists in alpha and beta crystalline forms that impact its viscosity and handling properties for different obturation techniques.
This document summarizes recent advances in nickel-titanium (NiTi) files used for root canal preparation. It discusses developments in NiTi metallurgy including new alloy compositions and heat treatment processes that have improved file flexibility, strength and resistance to fatigue. Some of the advances discussed include M-wire, martensitic NiTi alloys, electrical discharge machining, and gold and blue heat-treated instruments. The document also covers new file motions like reciprocation that help reduce risk of file separation.
XP-Endo files are three instruments for cleaning and shaping of the canals whatever the shape of the canals when compare with other standard Niti instruments they impose the original shape of the canal and reach area that impossible to reach by other instruments
This document provides an overview of reciprocation in endodontics. It defines reciprocation as any repetitive back and forth motion that has been clinically utilized. The history of reciprocation in endodontics is discussed, beginning in the late 1950s. Different types of reciprocating motion, handpieces, and file systems are described. The mechanical properties of reciprocating files, including increased resistance to cyclic fatigue and torsion compared to continuous rotation, are covered. Both advantages and limitations of various reciprocating techniques are summarized.
The cast metal restoration is versatile and is especially applicable to Class II onlay preparations. The process has many steps, involves many dental materials, and requires meticulous attention to prepration.
Tooth treatment planned to be restored with an intracoronal restoration, but the decay or fracture is so extensive that a direct restoration, such as amalgam or composite, would not be able to sustain or bear forces.
Additionally, when decay or fracture incorporate areas of cusp or remaining tooth structure that undermines perimeter walls of a tooth, an onlay might be indicated.
The document discusses different types of endodontic instruments used in root canal treatment. It describes the design, sizes, recommended use, and safety tips for various instruments including files, reamers, broaches, drills, spreaders and pluggers. Key instruments discussed are K-files, which are manufactured from twisted steel wire; reamers, with a small cutting blade angle suitable for rotating motion; and Hedstrom files, used for filing motion with a right angle cutting blade. Nickel titanium alloys and their properties in instruments are also covered.
Cleaning and shaping of the root canal systemHamza Tahir
My presentation is about Materials used for dressing , cleaning , irrigating the canals. Also include , irrigation techniques and instruments . Enjoy !!
A quick and concise recap of Endodontic Instruments.
This presentation resolves the basic doubts within terminologies and provides visual conceptualization of the same.
The document discusses root canal preparation techniques using rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments. It introduces the concepts of "cleaning and shaping" root canals put forth by Schilder in 1974. It then discusses the design objectives and characteristics of different generations of NiTi rotary instruments, including taper, rake angle, radial land, helical angle, and pitch number. The document also covers the functions of NiTi instruments regarding torsional stress, bending fatigue, speed and torque. Finally, it compares root canal preparation techniques like crown-down versus step-back approaches and addresses advances in NiTi metallurgy.
Endodontic instruments basic & hand instrumentsddert
The document discusses various endodontic instruments used for root canal treatment. It describes the evolution of endodontic instruments from crude early designs to modern specialized instruments. It provides classifications of endodontic instruments and details various instruments, including their design, sizes, recommended usage techniques, and safety tips. Instrument types discussed include files, reamers, broaches, spreaders, and pluggers. The document also covers standardization of instrument sizes and tapers over time.
The document discusses various techniques for root canal preparation and shaping. It describes the objectives of cleaning and shaping, which include removing infected tissue, providing space for disinfectants and filling materials, and retaining tooth structure. Several instrumentation techniques are covered, such as step-back preparation, which involves incrementally reducing the working length, and anticurvature filing, which shapes the canal away from thin root sections. The document also addresses other methods like standardized preparation and considerations for curved canals.
1. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal is essential for root canal treatment success by removing all contents from the root canal system.
2. Various techniques have been developed over time for root canal instrumentation including step-back, crown-down, and balanced force techniques.
3. Contemporary techniques such as ProTaper Next and Self-Adjusting File use engine-driven files and continuous irrigation for more efficient cleaning and shaping of the complex root canal anatomy.
This document provides information on restoring endodontically treated teeth using post and core systems. It discusses the history of post systems, definitions, reasons for restoration, types of post and core systems, principles of tooth preparation, and the procedure for post and core fabrication. Custom cast and prefabricated post options are presented, as well as factors to consider for post length, width, and retention form. The importance of ferrule effect for fracture resistance is emphasized. In summary, this document serves as a guide for restoring endodontically treated teeth using post and core systems in a way that maximizes strength, retention and minimizes further damage to tooth structure.
Rotary endodontic instruments are used within root canals and follow rotational motion dynamics. They are replacing conventional hand files to improve canal shaping ability and reduce clinical errors. Nickel-titanium alloys are commonly used due to their ability to flexibly conform to canal curvatures without plastic deformation. Modern rotary instrument systems incorporate torque-controlled motors that can reverse rotation to prevent instrument separation if excessive torque is applied. Continued research aims to further optimize flexibility, strength and cutting ability of these instruments.
The document discusses NiTi endodontic files, specifically the HyFlex CM file. It describes how NiTi files work using shape memory properties to improve flexibility and reduce problems like ledges. The HyFlex CM file uses controlled memory processing to further increase flexibility without rebound. This allows for superior canal tracking and reduces procedural errors. Studies show the HyFlex CM files have up to 339% higher fatigue resistance than standard NiTi files and less debris extrusion and dentinal cracks compared to other file types.
Rotary endodontic system, protaper feachers and techniquesRizgar Saeed
Rotary nickel-titanium files like ProTaper simplify root canal preparation and maintain canal curvature. ProTaper features progressively tapering blades and modified guiding tips to improve cutting efficiency and safety. The system uses shaping files SX, S1, and S2 to prepare the coronal and middle thirds, followed by finishing files F1, F2, and F3 to refine the entire canal. ProTaper's unique progressive tapers and variable helical angles reduce stress on instruments.
1. The document discusses various aspects of root canal instrumentation including the goals, hand vs rotary instrumentation, nickel-titanium files, file design features, and advances in endodontic motors.
2. Key aspects of file design discussed include taper, cross-section, lands, flutes, helical angles, pitch, and tip design. Qualities of different file types like ProTaper, K3, and GT files are compared.
3. The document also covers generations of endodontic motors from first to fourth generation and features like torque control, auto-reverse, and apex locators that improve safety and outcomes.
Current Concepts in Access Cavity PreparationUrvashi Tanwar
1) Traditional access cavity preparations using large round burs and Gates Glidden drills can remove excessive tooth structure and weaken teeth.
2) A more conservative access design called the "inverse funnel" or "blind funneling" is proposed to preserve the critical peri-cervical dentin through use of smaller tapered burs and partial de-roofing of the pulp chamber while still allowing for adequate debridement and obturation.
3) A study found that endodontically treated teeth with preservation of the peri-cervical dentin and pulp chamber "soffit" had greater fracture resistance compared to traditional access preparations due to reinforcement of remaining tooth structure.
Understanding the basic metallurgy, commonly used instruments and newly available rotary systems in the market enable us to better disinfect the root canal.
This document lists and describes various instruments used in endodontic treatment. It discusses probes, broaches, Gates Glidden drills, and Peeso reamer drills used to remove pulp and enlarge canals. Also described are endodontic files for shaping canals, NiTi rotary instruments, lentulo spiral fillers for placing materials, spreaders and pluggers for obturation, absorbent points and gutta percha for filling canals, and various measuring and testing devices like apex locators and electric pulp testers. Precautions are outlined for safe use of these instruments.
This document provides an overview of gutta percha, including its discovery, historical uses, sources, evolution in dentistry, composition, chemistry, phases, properties, and commercial manufacture. Gutta percha is a natural polymer that has been used in dentistry as a root canal filling material since the 19th century due to its biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal walls and provide a fluid-tight seal at the apex. It exists in alpha and beta crystalline forms that impact its viscosity and handling properties for different obturation techniques.
This document summarizes recent advances in nickel-titanium (NiTi) files used for root canal preparation. It discusses developments in NiTi metallurgy including new alloy compositions and heat treatment processes that have improved file flexibility, strength and resistance to fatigue. Some of the advances discussed include M-wire, martensitic NiTi alloys, electrical discharge machining, and gold and blue heat-treated instruments. The document also covers new file motions like reciprocation that help reduce risk of file separation.
XP-Endo files are three instruments for cleaning and shaping of the canals whatever the shape of the canals when compare with other standard Niti instruments they impose the original shape of the canal and reach area that impossible to reach by other instruments
This document provides an overview of reciprocation in endodontics. It defines reciprocation as any repetitive back and forth motion that has been clinically utilized. The history of reciprocation in endodontics is discussed, beginning in the late 1950s. Different types of reciprocating motion, handpieces, and file systems are described. The mechanical properties of reciprocating files, including increased resistance to cyclic fatigue and torsion compared to continuous rotation, are covered. Both advantages and limitations of various reciprocating techniques are summarized.
The cast metal restoration is versatile and is especially applicable to Class II onlay preparations. The process has many steps, involves many dental materials, and requires meticulous attention to prepration.
Tooth treatment planned to be restored with an intracoronal restoration, but the decay or fracture is so extensive that a direct restoration, such as amalgam or composite, would not be able to sustain or bear forces.
Additionally, when decay or fracture incorporate areas of cusp or remaining tooth structure that undermines perimeter walls of a tooth, an onlay might be indicated.
The document discusses different types of endodontic instruments used in root canal treatment. It describes the design, sizes, recommended use, and safety tips for various instruments including files, reamers, broaches, drills, spreaders and pluggers. Key instruments discussed are K-files, which are manufactured from twisted steel wire; reamers, with a small cutting blade angle suitable for rotating motion; and Hedstrom files, used for filing motion with a right angle cutting blade. Nickel titanium alloys and their properties in instruments are also covered.
Cleaning and shaping of the root canal systemHamza Tahir
My presentation is about Materials used for dressing , cleaning , irrigating the canals. Also include , irrigation techniques and instruments . Enjoy !!
A quick and concise recap of Endodontic Instruments.
This presentation resolves the basic doubts within terminologies and provides visual conceptualization of the same.
explained with Limited matter moreover I have included all the images. if you go through a standard textbook and referred to this PPT it will help you so much I hope It helps you
This document provides information on the classification, standardization, and sterilization of endodontic instruments. It discusses the various types of instruments used in endodontics based on their function, including exploring instruments, debriding instruments, shaping instruments, and obturation instruments. The document then describes several popular rotary instrument systems used for root canal shaping, including LightSpeed, Profile, ProTaper, and others. It covers key design features of these systems such as tip design, taper, radial lands, rake angle, and helical angle.
This document provides information on the classification, standardization, and sterilization of endodontic instruments. It discusses the various types of instruments used in endodontics based on their function, including exploring instruments, debriding instruments, shaping instruments, and obturation instruments. The document then describes several popular rotary instrument systems used for root canal shaping, including LightSpeed, Profile, ProTaper, and others. It covers key design features of these systems such as tip design, taper, radial lands, rake angle, and helical angle.
Endodontic instruments /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document discusses various aspects of root canal instrumentation including the goals, hand vs rotary instrumentation, nickel-titanium files, file design features, and motor advancements. The two main goals of root canal instrumentation are to provide a biological environment conducive to healing and a canal shape that can be sealed. Rotary instrumentation has advantages over hand files like improved debris removal and following of canal anatomy. Nickel-titanium files became popular due to their flexibility and ability to return to their original shape. Key file design features that impact performance include the tip, taper, lands, flutes, helical angles, and rake angles. Modern electric motors incorporate torque control, auto-reverse functions, and apex locators to enhance
This document summarizes different types of endodontic instruments used in root canal treatment. It describes broaches, K-files, Hedstrom files and Gates-Glidden drills which are used for cleaning and shaping the root canal. It also discusses nickel-titanium rotary instruments, their manufacturing processes, surface properties, use with different systems like ProTaper Universal and factors that can cause instrument fracture during use.
12. ROTARY INSTRUMENTS IN ENDODONTICS.pptxAditeeAgrawal3
This document provides a summary of rotary instruments used in endodontics, focusing on nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments. It discusses the history and development of rotary instruments, the properties of NiTi alloy, components and design features of rotary files, and several rotary systems including LightSpeed. Key points include: NiTi files provide improved flexibility and shapeability compared to stainless steel; components include the tip, taper, rake angle, radial lands, and flutes; and systems like LightSpeed are taperless with short cutting heads for improved negotiation of curvatures.
Rotary endodontic instruments can be classified into different groups based on their operation and design. Group I instruments are manually operated like barbed broaches. Group II are low-speed instruments that attach to handpieces like Gates-Glidden burs. Group III are engine-driven nickel titanium rotary files. Group IV adapt three-dimensionally to the root canal shape, such as self-adjusting files. Group V instruments reciprocate in the canal. Design features of endodontic files include tapers, flutes, radial lands, rake angles, helical angles, and pitch, which impact their cutting ability and risk of ledging the canal. Materials also differ between flexible nickel titanium and stiffer stainless steel
Sterilization of endodontic instruments /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document discusses various topics related to endodontic instruments and techniques. It begins by describing different types of instruments including basic enlarging instruments, hybrid enlarging instruments, and rotary instruments. It then discusses features of rotary instruments such as taper, tip design, flutes, and material modifications. The document also compares techniques like reciprocation versus rotation. Overall, the document provides an overview of modern advancements in endodontic instruments and techniques.
This document discusses various canal cleaning techniques, including hand instrumentation and rotary nickel-titanium techniques. It describes different types of endodontic instruments such as barbed broaches, K-files, Hedstrom files, and rotary instruments like ProTaper files, Race files, and ultrasonic/sonic instruments. It provides details on the manufacturing, uses, and modifications of various instruments used for shaping and cleaning root canals.
CLEANING AND SHAPING USING ROTARY ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS /certified fixed or...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document discusses pre-engineered buildings (PEBs). PEBs use standardized steel framing components and computerized design to construct buildings quickly and efficiently. PEBs are 30% lighter than conventional steel buildings due to tapered framing members and lightweight secondary components. PEBs have grown in popularity due to their economical, fast construction and reduced maintenance compared to other building types. Common applications of PEBs include warehouses, factories, workshops, offices, and other commercial and industrial structures.
This document discusses various sheet metalworking processes. It covers cutting processes like shearing, blanking, and punching. Bending and drawing are also discussed, along with the factors that influence them like clearance, bending allowance, springback, and drawing ratio. Other forming operations like ironing, embossing, stretch forming, roll bending, and spinning are also summarized. The document concludes with a brief overview of dies for sheet metalworking and high-energy rate forming processes.
EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH TO ROOT CANAL CLEANING AND SHAPING / /certified fixed...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
There are 3 types of file systems
- Flex R FIle
- Safety H Files
- Rotary File System
The invention of Flex R File was back then when Powell noticed that the straight stainless steel tips of the files could only increase the tendency of the transport or ledge and eventually to perforate curved canals at the outer wall which is a convex curvature of the canal. It was then when Powell pointed out that the reduction of tip angle could help the file to focus on the original canal and could cut the edges or the sides evenly. This modification of the tip brought in the Flex R File.
The document discusses the history and evolution of endodontic instruments used for root canal preparation. It describes Kerr files and reamers, which were introduced in the early 1900s to improve root canal efficiency. Files use a reciprocating motion to enlarge canals, while reamers use rotation. Hedstrom files were later developed and have a higher cutting efficiency but are more fragile. More recently, nickel-titanium alloy has improved flexibility over stainless steel for manufacturing instruments. The document outlines the objectives and tools used in root canal treatment and preparation.
V.A. Boker & Sons was founded in 1919 and has since become a leading global provider of precision stamped metal parts, washers, spacers and shims. Operating from a 165,000 square foot facility in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Boker offers custom stampings in over 2,000 materials, 32,000 standard washer sizes without tooling fees, and 3D printing prototyping services. Boker prides itself on quality, service, and over 100 years of experience in manufacturing precision parts for industries including aerospace, automotive, medical and consumer products.
Similar to Files systems used in cleaning and shaping (20)
This seminar explains all the sealers which are used in dentistry.
It also stresses on the removability in cases of re-treatmeant.
It gives an insight on the sealers interaction with various intracanal medicaments and irrigants.
Root Canal Irrigants or Endodontic irrigants surabhisoumya1
This presentation is all about the various irrigants and the irrigation systems used currently in dental practice ( in cleaning and shaping of Root canal systems)
This document discusses lasers used in dentistry. It begins by explaining that while some lasers can cause damage, most lasers used in dentistry like those used in dentistry are designed to perform functions without damaging surrounding tissues. It then discusses the classification, fundamentals, and components of lasers. Key types of lasers used in dentistry that are mentioned include argon, diode, and Nd:YAG lasers. The document discusses laser-tissue interactions and the effects of laser energy on tissue temperature. It provides examples of common dental lasers and their clinical uses in operative dentistry and endodontics.
This is a presentation which describes in details, the shaping aspect of root canal in root canal therapy. This gives the newer files systems being used
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
3. • Carbon steel - stainless steel - NiTi
• First produced by Kerr manufacturing company in early 1900s, hence the
name K-files
• DESIGN ELEMENTS:
• K-file and Ni-Ti rotary instruments follow certain design principles that
relate to drills and reamers used for work in wood and metals .
• Design elements such as tip, flutes and cross sections are considered
relevant for files and reamers used in rotary motions.
4. • Tip designs:
• 2 main functions:
i. guide the file into the canal
ii. aid the file to penetrate deeper into the canal
• The cutting ability of the file tip:
i. angle and radius to its leading edge
ii. proximity of the flute to its actual tip end
Note: Tip design effects - file control, efficiency and outcome in shaping of
the rcs
• Instrument tips have been classified as:
i. cutting
ii. non cutting (batt tips) - eg Ni -Ti rotary files
iii. partially cutting
5. • Longitudinal and cross sectional design:
• Helical angle: The angle formed by the
cutting edge with the long axis of the file.
• Rake angle: The angle formed by the
leading edge through the Point of contact
with the radicular wall.
Ø If 90 degrees= neutral
Ø -VE = Scraping
Ø +VE= cutting
6. • Cutting angle: Formed by the leading edge of the file and a tangent to the
radicular wall in the point of contact.
• Clearance angle: Corresponds to the cutting angle at the trailing edge of the
file. (Reciprocating action becomes cutting angle)
• The sum of cutting angle and rake angle is 90 degrees.
• Pitch: Distance b/w a point on the leading edge and the corresponding point
on the adjacent leading edge.
Ø K-files: constant pitch, Ni-Ti rotary files: variable pitch
• Taper: The amount the file diameter increases each mm along its working
surface from the tip towards the file handle, can be constant or variable.
10. BROACHES:
• 2 Types:
• Smooth
• Barbed (ADA sp No. 6)
• They are manufactured by cutting sharp,
coronally angulated barbs into metal wire
blanks.
• Produced in a variety of sizes and color codes.
• Uses:
1. to remove vital pulp from root canals,
2. and in cases of mild inflammation, they work
well for severing pulp at the constriction level
in toto.
3. for removing materials (e.g., cotton pellets)
from canals.
19. K-FLEX FILES:
• Manufactured by Kerr in 1982
• Since the square blanks decreased
the instrument flexibilty, hence K-
files came in with a rhomboidal
cross section.
• Two acute angles- increased
sharpness and cutting efficiency
• Two obtuse angles- more space for
debris removal
• Used in filing motion.
21. TRIPLE FLEX FILES
• Made of stainless steel
• Triangular in cross section
• More flutes than reamers but lesser
than K-files
22. FLEX-R-FILES / ROANE FILES
• Made by removing the sharp
cutting edges from the tip of the
instrument
• This design reduces the ledge
formation, canal transportation and
other procedural accidents when
used in balance force technique
• Triangular in cross section
• They are made up of Ni-Ti
• Cut in counter clockwise rotary
motion
23. HEDSTRÖM FILES
• H-files have flutes which resembles successively
triangles set one on another.
• They are made by cutting the spiral grooves into
round , tapered steel wire in the same manner
as wood screws are made.
• This makes it efficient only for transational
strokes as the edges face the handle of the
instrument
• Rotational working movements are strongly
discouraged because of the possibility of
fracture.
• H files have positive rake angle
24. • Uses:
1. Hedström files up to size #25 can be efficiently used to relocate canal
orifices and, with adequate filing strokes, to remove overhangs.
2. Similarly, wide oval canals can be instrumented with Hedström files
as well as with rotary instruments.
• On the other hand, overzealous filing can lead to considerable thinning
of the radicular wall ands strip perforations
• As with stainless steel K-files, Hedström files should be single-use
instruments.
25. ADVANTAGES
• Better cutting efficiency
• Push debris coronally
DISADVANTAGES
• Lacks flexibility
• Tend to fracture
• Aggressive cutter
Safety Head storm files: This file has non cutting
safety side along the length of the blade which
reduces the chances of perforation.
The non cutting side is directed to the side of canal
where cutting is not required.
26. S FILES:
• Called S-Files because of its
cross sectional shape
• Produced by grinding which
makes it stiffer than H-files
• Designed by two spirals for
cutting blades forming double
helix design.
• Good cutting efficiency in either
filling or reaming action, thus
these files can also be classified
as Hybrid design.
32. FLEXOGATES
• Modified GG
• Made up of NiTi and have non cutting tip
• More flexible and used for apical
preparation
• Can be rotated continuously in a
handpiece through 360 degree.
• Advantages:
i. Increased debris removal
ii. Smoother and faster canal preparation
iii. Less fatigue to clinician
iv. Fexible, hence used in curved canals.
33. PEESO REAMERS
• They are manufactured from stainless steel by
milling similar to GG drills
• They are used mainly for post space preparation
• They have safe-ended non cutting tip
• Tip diameter varies from 0.7 to 1.7 mm( size 1 to 6)
• Rotational speed - 800 to 1200 rpm
• Cutting flutes are more parallel and longer
compared to GG but shorter than the 16 mm ISO-
normed hand files.
35. NICKEL-TITANIUM ROTARY INSTRUMENTS
• Ni-Ti alloy allows the instruments to flex more than SS instruments
before exceeding their elastic limit, thus reducing the procedural
errors.
• Ni-Ti was developed by Buchler
• Also known as NiTinol
• First use of NiTi in endodontics was reported in 1988 by Wallia et al
when a 15 number NiTi file was made from orthodontic wire.
36. ADVANTAGES
• Shape memory
• Super elasticity
• Low modulus of
elasticity
• Good resiliency
• Corrosion resistance
• Softer than SS
DISADVANTAGES
• Poor cutting efficiency
• Donot show signs of
fatigue before their
fracture
• Poor resistance to
fracture as compared to
ss
Unlike the K-files, which are manufactured by twisting, NiTi files have
to be grounded for their manufacturing because of the presence of
super elasticity and shape memory.
37. CLASSIFICATION:
Older Classification (Cohen 9th and 10th ed)
• Three design groups :
1. group I, the LightSpeed;
2. group II, rotary instruments with #.04 and #.06 tapers, which includes the
ProFile and many other models;
3. and group III, rotary instruments with specific design changes, such as the
ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer) and RaCe (FKG, La Chaux-de-Fonds,
Switzerland).
39. GROUP 1:
• Passive preparation (reaming action rather than cutting dentine)
• Presence of radial lands
• The first commercially available system was Profile (Dentsply Tulsa),
Light speed and GT Rotaries and have radial land which are common in
cross section.
• These are created by three round excavations, also known as U shape.
• The design of the instrument tip and also the lateral file surface (radial
land) guides the file as it progresses apically.
40. LIGHT SPEED INSTRUMENTS:
• Developed by Dr. Steve Senia and Dr. William Wildey in the early
1990s
• Also known as LS1, was introduced as an instrument different
from all others because of its long, thin, noncutting shaft and 0.25
to 2 mm anterior cutting part.
• The currently available LSX instruments (Sybron Endo) follows the
same design but is manufactured not by milling but by stamping
process.
• A full set of LS1 consists of 25 instruments in sizes #20 to #100,
including half sizes (e.g., 22.5, 27.5 , 32.5).
• Half size are color coded as full ones with the only difference that
half size has white or black rings on their handles.
• LSX doesnt have half sizes and a set cosists of instruments in sizes
#20 to #80
41. • Cutting heads of light speed systems had 3 different geometric shapes:
i. size 20-30 - short non cutting tips at 75 degree cutting angle.
ii. Size 32.5 - longer non cutting tip at 33 degree cutting angle
iii. size 35- 100 - longer, non cutting tip with 21 degree cutting angle
• Cutting heads basically have 3 radial lands with spiral shaped grooves in
between.
• The recommended working speed for LightSpeed instruments is 1500 to
2000 rpm, and they should be used with minimal torque.
• Because of the relatively thin non cutting shaft, LightSpeed instruments
are considerably more flexible than any other instrument in the market.
44. PRO-FILE
• Introduced by Dr. Ben Johnson in 1994.
• In contrast to the LightSpeed, with its thin, flexible shaft, the
ProFile has an increased taper compared with conventional
hand instruments.
• The ProFile first was sold as a series of 29 hand instruments in
#.02 taper, but it soon became available in #.04 and #.06
conicity.
• The tips of the ProFile Series 29 rotary instruments (Dentsply–
Tulsa) had a constant proportion of diameter increments (29%).
47. • Comparative assessment in vitro suggested that Pro file
prepared mesial canals in mandibular molars with less
transportation than K3 and RaCe
• A more recent addition to the profile family of instruments was
Vortex
• The major change lies in the non landed cross section whereas
tip sizes and tapers are similar to pre existing profiles , hence
these files are placed in Group 2
48.
49. GT & GTX FILES
• The Greater Taper file, or GT file was introduced by Dr. Steve Buchanan in 1994.
• This instrument also incorporates the U-file design and was marketed as Profile
GT
• The GT system was first produced as a set of four hand-operated files and later
as engine-driven files.
• The instruments came in four tapers (#.06, #.08, #.10, and #.12), and the
maximum diameter of the working part was 1 mm.
• This decreased the length of the cutting flutes and increased the taper.
• The instruments had a variable pitch and an increasing number of flutes in
progression to the tip; the apical instrument diameter was 0.2 mm.
• Instrument tips were non cutting and rounded.
53. K3
• In a sequence of design development by their inventor, Dr.
McSpadden, the Quantec 2000 files were followed by the Quantec SC,
the Quantec LX, and the current K3 system (all by SybronEndo ).
• The overall design of the K3 is similar to that of the ProFile, in that it
includes size #.02, #.04, and #.06 instruments.
• The most obvious difference between the Quantec and K3 models is
the K3’s unique cross-sectional design : a slightly positive rake angle
for greater cutting efficiency, wide radial lands, and a peripheral blade
relief for reduced friction.
57. GROUP 2:
• Active cutting flute design
• Triangular cross section
• Radial lands are absent- hence more cutting efficacy
• This translates to a higher potential of preparation errors
60. Sx
• No identification ring on its gold
colored handle
• Shorter length of 19 mm
• D0 = 0.19 mm, D14 = 1.2mm
• There is increase in taper up to D9
and then taper drops off up to D14
which increases its flexibility
• Use is similar to GG drills or orifice
shapers
S1
• Has purple identification ring on its
handle
• D0 is 0.185, D 14 is 1.20 mm
• Used to prepare coronal part
62. F2
• Red identification ring on
handle
• D0 diameter and taper is 25 and
0.08
• F3
• Blue colored ring on handle
• D0 diameter and taper is 30
and 0.09
• Each instrument has
decreasing percentage of
taper from D4 to D14
• This improves flexibility and
decreases the potential for
taper lock.
• The set is now complemented by 2 larger finishing
files F4 & F5
• F4 & F5 files have a tip diameter of 0.4 and 0.5 mm
respectively and tapers of 0.05 and 0.04 respectively.
66. HERO 642, HERO SHAPER
• First-generation rotary systems had neutral or slightly negative
rake angles, while Second-generation systems were designed with
positive rake angles, which gave them greater cutting efficiency.
• HERO instruments (MicroMega, Besançon, France) are an
example of a second-generation system.
• Cross sections of a HERO instrument show geometries similar to
those of an H-file without radial lands
• Tapers of #.02, #.04, and #.06 are available in sizes ranging from
#20 to #45.
• The instruments are coded by handle color.
72. FLEX MASTER (VDW DENTAL)
• Working length 21, 25, 31 mm and working part 16 mm
• It also features #.02, #.04, and #.06 tapers
Ø .04 and .06 used for crown-down phase
Ø .02 for safe apical enlargement
• FlexMaster Intro File
Ø For fast conical enlargement of the root canal orifice.
Ø 11 % taper
Ø 19 mm working length, 9 mm active working part
Ø ISO size 22 at the tip
77. RACE, BIORACE AND BT RACE
• The RaCe was manufactured since 1999 by FKG and was later distributed in the
United States by Brasseler (Savannah, GA)
• The name, which stands for reamer with alternating cutting edges, describes
just one design feature of this instrument
• Light microscopic imaging of the file shows twisted areas (a feature of
conventional files) alternating with straight areas; this design reduces the
tendency to screw into the root canal
• Cross sections are triangular or square
• The surface quality of the RaCe has been improved by electropolishing, and the
two largest files (size #35, #.08 taper and size #40, #.10 taper) are also available
in stainless steel
84. TWISTED FILES:
• Sybron Endo in 2008 presented the first fluted NiTi files by plastic
deformation, a process similar to twisting process that is used to
produce ss K- files; the Twisted files.
• First and only file to employ unique and proprietary production
technology that achieves unrivalled strength combined with flexibility.
• A thermal process allows twisting during a phase transformation into
the so called R-Phase of NiTi.
• R-Phase thermal treatment technology optimises the properties of NiTi
files to give 70 % more flexibility and 2-3 times more resistance to cyclic
fatigue than any other rotating file.
86. PROFILE VORTEX
• They are manufactured froM NiTi
• Two versions are available in the
market:
i. M-wire
ii. Blue wire (Vortex Blue)- greater
fatigue and torque resistance
• They have varying helical angles to
counteract the tendency of non
landed files to thread into the canal.
• Recommended speed: 500 rpm
• Available in sizes #15 to #50 and in
0.04 and 0.06 tapers
87. MTWO
• Originally sold in Itlay by Sweden e Martina in 2004
• The instrument has a two-fluted, S shaped cross section.
• The original strategy allowed for 3 distinct shaping approaches after the use
of a basic sequence with tip sizes from #10 to #25 and tapers from 0.04 to
0.06.
• MTWO is a well researched and cutting efficient instrument
• Clinically it is an example for the so called single length technique.
88.
89. GROUP III- SPECIAL CASES
• WaveOne, Reciproc
• Self Adjusting Files
• Endo-Eze
• Sonic and Ultra sonic instruments
95. • Non cutting tip
• Made of M-Wire technology
• RECIPROC® instruments have
radiograph visible depth markings
at 18, 19, 20 and 22 mm.
• Instrument length: 21 mm, depth
markings at: 18,19 and 20 mm
• Instrument length: 25 mm, depth
markings at: 18,19,20 and 22 mm
• Instrument length: 31 mm, depth
markings at: 18,19,20,22 and 24
mm
96. • Both instruments feature variable tapers that are largest towards
the tip.
• Reciproc is a two fluted file with a design similar to MTwo.
• Special motors are used for both systems to provide reciprocation
actions, with alternating counter clockwise and clockwise rotations
of 150 to 170 and 30 to 50 degrees respectively.
• Both files are machined with left leaning flutes (cutting direction-
clockwise)
99. • Manufactured by Redent- Nova
• The file is really a cylinderical, hollow device designed as a thin
walled Ni-Ti lattice with a light abrasive surface
• Initial glide path is established with 20 K file to allow the insertion
of SAF files
• The file is compressed from its 1.5 mm diameter into dimensions
equivalent to those of #25 K-file
• Operated with a handpiece that generates in and out vibrations
(4000/min) and 0.4 mm amplitude
108. XP- ENDO SHAPER
• Two technologies combined
• The XP-endo Shaper is the latest addition to the XP-endo
ranges.
• It is a combination of two cutting-edge technologies:
• Made with MaxWire® alloy, like the XP-endo Finisher, it
offers remarkable flexibility and fatigue resistance, and
the ability to progress within the canals with ease and
agility, expanding or contracting according to the canal
morphology.
• With an initial taper of .01, the XP-endo Shaper expands
once inside the canal, achieving a taper of at least .04.
111. XP ENDO FINISHER
• Because of its small core size – ISO 25 in diameter –
and its zero taper, XP-endo Finisher benefits from
incredible flexibility and shows unparalleled
resistance to cyclic fatigue. In addition the file will
contact and clean the dentine but NOT change the
original shape of the canal
• ISO 25
• Taper: 0%
• Lengths: 21, 25, 31 mm
• Optimal speed: 1'000 rpm (minimum 800 rpm)
• Torque: 1 Ncm
• Delivered in a sterile blister. Single use
112. TRUSHAPE FILES
• 3D Conforming Files by Dentsply Sirona.
• The key to the TruShape difference lies in the
file’s unique S-shape design, allowing it to
conform to areas of the canal larger than the
nominal file size.
• As a result, TruShape 3D Conforming Files
allows to preserve more dentinal structure
while removing pulp and debris along the
entire root canal.
• Contact up to 75% of walls along the entire
canal.
• Create a predictable apical shape with up to
32% less transportation.
• Remove up to 36% less dentin with superior
overall shaping.
115. GENTLEFILE ROTARY FILE SYSTEM
• Ultra Flexible
• Shapes by Filing
• Operates at 6,500 rpm
• Taper 3% - 4% (preserve natural tooth
anatomy)
• Patent Design: File made of 3 medical
grade stainless wires
• The upper file section is made of a 3-
layer structure that provides the vertical
force required for efficient file
progression in the canal
• The apical file section is a bi-layer
structure with greater flexibility for
shaping extremely curved canals
118. • The innovation: the instrument presents a
variable cross-section along the blade.
• One Shape principle: 3 different cross-section
zones.
• The first zone presents a variable 3-cutting-edge
design.
• The second, prior to the transition, has a cross-
section that progressively changes from 3 to 2
cutting edges.
• The last (coronal) is provided with 2 cutting
edges
• One Shape‘s flexibility assures a perfect respect
to the original canal path and curvature.
• The variable pitch of One Shape® reduces
instrument screwing effects.
• ABC (Anti Breakage Control) is a safety bonus:
the instrument will unwind to avoid separation.
120. 2 SHAPE
• By MicroMega
• 2Shape is a sequence with 2
shaping files in continuous
rotation which have been
heat-treated using the T•Wire
technology.
• The instruments’ flexibility
provides user comfort and an
outstanding negotiation of
curvatures. The instruments
return to their initial shape
after each use.