Field Trip Directions ( Mt Victoria )

Field Trip Directions ( Mt Victoria )
Field Trip Directions (Mt Victoria) Begin – National War Memorial (Buckle St) Starting on Buckle
St in the South–east Direction, walk into the intersection between Buckle St and Taranaki St. We
could see there is a red brick cladding building with images of old time soldiers. Continue on Buckle
St, we arrived at the Pukeahu National War Memorial Park. Inside the Park there is the towering
standing National War Memorial and the Hall of Memories. Walked past the intersection of Tasman
St and Tory St, continue walking down Buckle St and arrives at the Cambridge Terrace. The Basin
Reserve stood out in front of us. Straight After Basin Reserve, walked past Cambridge Terrace and
Hania St, we arrived at Ellice St and continue walking about ... Show more content on
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This Double story house has a green edge around the house making it very exceptional compare to
the other houses. Walk along another ten steps, a long range of two story (identical design/built)
buildings along the left side of the street (all Gable Roofing) thinking to myself they would have all
been built by the same designer or builder. Following the road and turn left into Austin St right till
the end and turn right again is Majorbanks St. At the end of Majorbanks St, this very strange like
architecture has taken my breath away (As I have never seen anything like this in Wellington
before). Turning around and walk back about one hundred sixty meters turn right till we see Hawker
St and continue walking. Turn left into Roxburgh St. At the strange 90 degree turn in the street we
can see Copthorne Hotel. Continue on the Roxburgh St till we turn right and we are back in
Courtney Pl (Town Center) and there is the Hannah playhouse. Macro Analysis: Background
Information: Mount Victoria is an inner–city suburb of Wellington, New Zealand, with a rich history
and heritage. It was first settled in the early 1840s by New Zealand Company colonists and named
in honors of their young queen, Victoria. (Mt Victoria Historical Society) The suburb nestles on the
sunny slopes of Mount Victoria, known to Maori as Matairangi. The Town Belt, a legacy of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Comparing Two Prominent Nineteenth Century Architects:...
John Soane (1753 – 1837), is one of the most original English architects. Soane's personal style is
superficially Neo–Classical, but with his interest in death and ruins Soane was also very much at the
forefront of the picturesque design. Whilst Gottfried Semper (1803 –79), a German architect, took
up Neo–Renaissance design as well as a belief that in the expression of the function of a building in
its exterior, including any decorative. This paper will concentrate upon examine the difference and
similarities of those two prominent architects in the 19th century. More specifically arguing that
both architects are vastly different in employing revivalism in their work and thus indicates the
values and idea is of each nation is also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, Soane directs his design towards both classical and picturesque.
On the contrary, German architect Gottfried Semper studied architecture in Paris. He was heavily
influenced by the debate of polychromy in classical antiquity, which was a challenge to the aesthetic
tenets of classicism. This had ultimately leaded to the collapse of the view that most classical
structures are "white". Like Soane, Semper also went on the Grand Tour as a mode of architectural
education. This trip turns out to be momentous for his artistic development. As he took detail
drawings painted structures along the way as seen in figure 2. Later, Semper published his
influential "Preliminary Remarks on Polychrome Architecture and Sculpture in Antiquity" in which
Semper suggests colour becomes the way in which the meaning of the building was articulated. His
findings reinforces the argument that great periods of arts have always exploited color and the
insensitivity to polychromy was at heart a prejustice fostered by out model aesthetics of Neo–
Classism. Semper's application of the theory can be seen in the sketch of the Art History Museum
facade in Vienna showed in figure 3. It is a prefect case of how Semper tries to apply colours in his
design. Therefore it can be see that right from the start, Soane and Semper was destined to be
different in architecture style.
Both Soane and

Architecture Style And Architecture Of The Taj Mahal
CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION A story makes an old building charming. In reality, a pleasing exterior view
does not ensure people will be attracted to the particular heritage building. It is the story behind the
heritage building that gives meaning to both building and people. As a heritage building, the
building itself has been passed the test of time and becomes a typical landmark for a city. Hence, the
story of the building explained its architecture style and structure which makes it be a remarkable
building. For instance, Sultan Abdul Samad Building (SASB) has a unique architectural design
which is the mixture of several architectural styles. This result is caused by the Charles Edwin
Spooner, the state engineer of Public Work Department, Selangor, who worked in Ceylon before
transferred to Selangor. He preferred to design a Mughal–style building on a Classic Renaissance
style ground plan which suggested by A.C. Norman. Moreover, British Victorian style is
incorporated into this building's design as the British colonized Malaya. This story explained its
unique architectural structure while gave the new generation a better understanding of the classic
architectural style and the history of Malaysia. Thus, theories, ideas, and ideologies which
influenced the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most celebrated Mughal building design is obviously The Taj Mahal which assembled 1630–
1653 in Agra, India (Figure 1). The most recognisable features of Mughal architecture are the
bulbous dome, dimensional organisation, and the use of red sandstone and white marble which also
can be found in SASB. These features are widely used in the construction of mosques and palaces in
India during that period. This phenomena is caused by the uniqueness of Mughal architecture makes
their mosques and palaces became iconic (Sastri, Mughal architecture,

The Differences Between Prairie Style Architecture And...
In this paper I will be discussing and contrasting the differences between Prairie Style architecture
and Hi–tech architecture. We will go over the origin, the years it was used, the main components and
characteristics, some of the architects that used these design types, a few real=–world examples, and
we will compare them. Prairie School was a late 19th– and early 20th–century architectural style,
most common to the Midwestern United States. The style is usually marked by horizontal lines, flat
or hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves, windows grouped in horizontal bands, integration
with the landscape, solid construction, craftsmanship, and discipline in the use of ornament.
Horizontal lines were thought to evoke and relate to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The designation Prairie is due to the dominant horizontality of the majority of Prairie style buildings
which echoes the wide, flat, treeless expanses of the mid–Western United States. The most famous
proponent of the style, Frank Lloyd Wright, promoted an idea of "organic architecture", the primary
tenet of which was that a structure should look as if it naturally grew from the site. Wright also felt
that a horizontal orientation was a distinctly American design motif, in that the younger country had
much more open, undeveloped land than found in most older, urbanized European nations.
Hi–tech architecture, also known as Structural Expressionism, is a type of Late Modern architectural
style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of hi–tech industry and technology into
building design. Hi–tech architecture appeared as revamped modernism, an extension of those
previous ideas helped by even more technological advances. This category serves as a bridge
between modernism and post–modernism; however, there remain gray areas as to where one
category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, hi–tech architecture became more difficult to
distinguish from post–modern architecture. Some of its themes and ideas were later absorbed into
the style of Neo–Futurism art and architectural movement.
Like Brutalism, Structural Expressionist buildings reveal their structure on the outside as well as the
inside, but with visual emphasis placed on the

Architectural Styles Of The Ottoman Empire
Distinguishable characteristics like the form, method of construction, regional features, and the
materials used to make a building or any other construction, which helps in identifying that structure
amongst others are what comprise an architectural style. Architectural styles have a vast diversity as
they represent changes in beliefs, religion, fashion, and the invention of new technology over a
broad time period. Over the ages, different empires would rule over a region with each ruler of those
empires having their own unique perspective on their religion. Subsequently, when new empires
would come in power, they would then take inspiration from the previous empire's architecture and
add or remove characteristics from the architecture based on their personal religious perspectives.
In the same way, the Ottoman empire was influenced by styles of architecture from the preceding
empires, namely the Byzantine, Iranian, and Islamic architectural styles. As a result, the Ottoman
empire's architectural style has resemblances with the Romanesque architecture, which is a blend of
the ancient Roman and Byzantine architectures. And it also has similarities with the Gothic
architecture which was heavily influenced by the Romanesque architecture and subsequently by the
Renaissance architecture. However, all three of these architectural styles also have their differences
due to individual religious perspectives.
The Byzantine architecture made with architectural traditions of the

Significance Of Church Architecture
PT6920 Church Architecture–Site Visit Vikato Kappo
Final Paper on Church Architecture July 3, 2015
"The Significance of Pulpit in the Church Architectural Settings"
Introduction
The term 'Church Architecture' refers to the architectural buildings of the Christian churches and
cathedrals, which evolved over two thousand years. The churches have witnessed varied styles of
architectural buildings from the early period of the birth of Christianity till today. Some of the most
significant church architectural buildings are from the church architectural designs of Byzantium,
Romanesque Abbey churches, Gothic Cathedrals, and Renaissance Basilicas. Till today, the
architectural building styles of the early church ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The word "Pulpit" is derived from the Latin word "pulpitum" meaning platform or an elevated stand
of stone or wood for the preacher or reader to stand on. Pulpit is essentially a place where something
important happens in the church. Generally in almost all churches, pulpit is used for preaching,
whereas in some churches pulpit is used both for preaching and reading of scripture. In early
Christian times, ambo was used for preaching instead of pulpit, and lectern, a speaker's stand in the
church, which means 'to read' was used for reading scriptures by laymen, and also used for
announcements, and to lead congregation prayers.
Every Christian believes that God speaks to us through the proclamation of his Word; hence, the
place where the Word is proclaimed should be one of the focal points in the church. Some argues
that it is not essential and necessary to have two places for proclaiming the Word (i.e. pulpit and
lectern). In fact, many people prefer to have only one place for proclaiming the Word since having
two platforms confuses the congregation and also having lectern and pulpit were often limited to
wealthy congregations since many cannot afford it. Robert S. Brightman writes on the pulpit and
lectern

The Era Of The Industrial Revolution
When the Industrial Revolution started, it resulted in the world changing at a high pace. So, the
people started to desire a simpler, and a more stable time. That's when the revival of ancient
architecture started to form. Each type of revival style was associated with a specific architect, for
instance, A.W.N. Pugin was England's leading Gothic revivalist. The revivals of the ancient
architecture influenced the architectural designs of many architects of the time. Two of the most
noted architects in the nineteenth century who were influenced by the architectural revivals were:
Richard Morris Hunt, the leading architect to the Beaux Art style; and Henry Hobson Richardson,
the father of the Richardsonian Romanesque architecture. The ... Show more content on
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Its style combined classical ideas from the ancient Greek, Roman, and Romanesque architecture and
deployed their ideas into its architecture (Carven, 7/27/2016). The Beaux's Art style influenced
architecture between 1880 and 1920, but its popularity ended with economic hardships from the
great depression. Beaux Arts style emphasized the classical forms and features by showing elaborate
details while having heavy masonry, and massive plans. The Beaux Arts displayed elaborate details
by integrating sculpture that was influenced by the Baroque and Rococo styles. It also had classical
details such as pilasters, balustrades, and garlands. It was highly ornamented to the point that an
elaborately decorated surface with little areas left unornamented became the hallmark for the Beaux
Arts style (Architectural style of America, n.d.). Also, the Beaux Arts style is symmetrical because it
was influenced by the ancient Greek revival. Columns, arches, vaults, and domes were all elements
of the Beaux Arts. They used all of these elements and characteristics to try and imitate the
European Aristocracy houses. Beaux Arts main clients were the "would be American aristocrats"
who have accumulated a massive amount of wealth throughout one or two generations. His main
clients had to be the super wealthy people of the time because the Beaux Arts style of architecture
had massive plans and heavy masonry, which means that his clients should be

The Red House Research Paper
Victorian architectural styles are used in modern residential construction of today. The alluring
attraction of the Victorian house has made the Victorian era a traditional symbol of elegance and
class. Architects like Philip Webb embraced the essence of the Victorian architectural style. Known
as the father of the Arts & Crafts Movement, along with his friend and designer William Morris.
Philip Webb is most famous for his comfortable, unpretentious country homes, and urban terraced
houses. Philip Webb also designed furniture, wallpaper, tapestries, and stained glass.
He elaborates the regionalisms, choosing the comfortable, traditional, and functional instead of
conforming to the lavish Victorian embellishment. Philip Webb's homes articulated ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The single–family home was created for Morris and his wife. The two story red brick and masonry
home was designed in Bexleyheath, a southeastern suburb of London, England. The English
Romantic style house serves as a essential structure of the Arts and Crafts movement. Building on
the Red House was completed in 1860.
The Arts and Crafts Movement started in England during the 19th century evironmental effects from
the simple and repetitious designs that were derived from the machine–made products during the
industrial revolution. Philosophers of the Arts and Crafts movement determined that designs being
created lacked aesthetic value. During that time the dull designs associates to the extensive use of
machinery and the loss of the personal human touch.
The Red House is one of the first designs of architecture in the Arts and Crafts Movement. In the
summer of 1858, William Morris decided that he would have his dear friend Philip Webb design him
a house on an orchard in the hamlet of Upton at Bexleyheath. Morris was an architect himself.
However, his lack of experience and success led him to hire Webb as the lead architect on the
project, with Morris as the driving inspiration. The location was an ideal site for Morris' new home
because it was far enough from the nearest metropolis, London. However, the adjacent railway made
the home easily accessible when traveling back and

Dodd Hall Architectural Analysis
Florida State University's Dodd Hall an elaborate example of Gothic Revival architecture. Dodd
Hall is a representative significant piece of Florida State University's historic fabric and academic
history. The university's rich history is illustrated in its construction from its main entrance to its
series of custom stained glass windows in the Werkmeister Humanities Reading Room.
Architectural influences of French Gothic period help to strengthen both the structure's interior and
exterior architectural integrity.
Built between 1925 and 1929, then later remodeled between the years of 1991 and 1993, Dodd Hall
was constructed to establish excellence in architectural design that would provide an aesthetic as
well as serve functional to the campus. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evidence of these structures influence are found in Dodd Hall's construction. The Abbey Church of
Saint Denis became the prototype for future buildings in the of northern France. A large medieval
abbey church in the commune of Saint Denis is renowned for its Gothic architecture. Although built
of stone as opposed to brick like Dodd Hall, the dark Romanesque structure, with its thick walls and
small window openings, was built in what is now referred to as the French Gothic style. In this style,
wall area is reduced to an absolute minimum. As seen in The Heritage Museum, nee Werkmeister
Humanities Reading Room, solid masonry was is replaced with vast window openings filled with
brilliant stained glass. This element allows for open, illuminated spaces in the

Comparing Cathedrals
The Cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens and the Cathedral at Saint Denis are two cathedral with many
similarities and differences making them unique.
Each cathedral has aspects that are similar to one another. The cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens has
several names such as Notre–Dame d'Amiens and Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Amiens.
Cathedral at Saint Denis also has more than one name including Basilica of Saint Denis and
Basilique Saint Denis. Both of these cathedrals were built in France. These cathedrals were also
used as burial grounds for past rulers. The architectural style of both Notre–Dame d'Amiens and
Basilique Saint Denis was gothic. Due to these churches being of gothic style meant they used
pointed arches and ribbed vaults

Dublin City Hall Architectural Analysis
Executive summary
City Hall is regarded as one of the city's finest neoclassical buildings (Noel Byrne, 2013). It is
spectacular piece of architecture, designed by Thomas Cooley and built as the Royal Exchange for a
then prosperous Dublin's merchant population (Heritage Island, 2014).
The thesis is completed detailed history interior architecture analysis of 18th century Irish building
which is representative to Neoclassicism.
External building analysis of 18th century Irish building which is Dublin City Hall was completed.
These identified that Dublin City Hall is neoclassical building in Corinthian style made of Portland
stone fabric (Irish tourist, 2014).
With the findings from research about building's interior was found that interior is beautiful massive
domed area bathed in natural light with the mosaic floor and mosaic ceiling ornaments– stucco
(Lonely planet, 2014).
Although all, with the finding from research of building exterior and interior decoration and
furnishings, was found, that building is Dublin's most sophisticated 18th century neoclassical
building (Dublin City Public Libraries, 2014).
Introduction
The purpose of the assignment is to choose one 18th century Irish building, representative to
neoclassical style, and to describe the external features and discuss two of the interior rooms which
are Rotunda and Vaults of Dublin's City Hall, paying particular attention to decoration and
furnishings.
To this end, Dublin's City Hall is known as finest

Essay about Week3 Individual Assignment
Week 3 individual Assignment
Comparing and Contrasting Architectural Styles
CSS/422
Service–Oriented Architecture
Software Architecture is how a system is structured, it is a collection of all the elements that are
what make the system, there are several different styles which can be used to create a Program or
Programs. Software Architecture styles will describe the classes of the architecture being used, these
classes of course can be used repeatedly, there are known practices that allow the reuse ( Clements,
Kazman & Klein "Evaluating Software Architecture", 2002).
With so many different Software Architectural Styles out there, there are three that are most
commonly used in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Resource – Oriented Architecture
Resource – Oriented Architecture (ROA) is the structural design supporting the internetworking of
resources. A resource in this context is any entity that can be identified and assigned a uniform
resource identifier ( URI) (whatis.techtarget.com). Per Dr. Roy Fielding, Resource–oriented
software is known as an architectural style that exploits the existing technology and protocols of the
web, including HTTP and XML. There are four concepts that are most essential for ROA's which
are:
Resources
Names (URIs)
What they represent
Links between each
And there are also four properties;
Addressability
Uniform Interface
Statelessness
Connectedness (whatis.techtarget.com).
With ROA's it is very important to first determine what should be considered as a Resource, this is
what really distinguishes the difference between the SOA's and the ROA's, once this has been done
the next thing would be to determine the resource types and how to invoke methods and also how to
correspond to the responses. The resources will be accessed through the HTTP interface. Because
the Resource – Oriented Architectures are still in its beginning stages, in my opinion, I don't believe
it would be the best choice between itself and a Service– Oriented
Architecture at this time, I honestly believe

Christopher Abacan Research Paper
Christopher Abacan Period D
Opening: Good morning, ladies and gentleman! I'm Christopher Abacan, and I'll be teaching you
guys about architecture. More specifically, the difference between American and Japanese
architecture. Hey, this isn't as boring as it sounds. This is Christopher Abacan presenting here! If any
of you have ever sat through one of my presentations, you'll know it'll be hilarious. This, my friends,
will (probably) be fun.
Body: For the sake of simplicity, I'll only be talking about the most recent trends in architecture at
their respective cultures. Going into general architectural styles in the two nations would be
impossible for many reasons. Architecture is prominent in every civilization, as it is useful for ...
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Let's talk about Japan. The nation is known for being much more technologically advanced than the
U.S., so naturally the buildings would be different, right? Sort of. Notice that the "post" in
"postmodernism" is just a prefix that means after. That means we'll have to talk about modernism.
Modernism is, as I said before, a more futuristic–looking style of art *Clears throat* I mean
architecture. The prefix of "after" doesn't mean that America is more advanced than Japan. This has
nothing to do with chronology. Modernism is a type of architecture/art that is made up of one piece
of material, or designed to look that way. The design of these buildings looks cool, and is usually
efficient, but it lacks the artistic flair of some other styles. *Play slide 3 of slideshow* As seen in
literally half of the pictures, nature is ingrained in a lot of the structures. Other than being artistic,
this traces back to what I said in the beginning of my presentation. "It also holds the extra bonus of
being a way to be religious". Yes, I just quoted myself. Don't judge. The traditional religion of
Japan, Shinto believed that nature was very important. The main thing that is associated with the
religion is that everything in nature has "kami" in it, which are like little spirits. The way nature is
ingrained in Japanese is able to flow easily with modernism. Since the architectural style is usually
either cubic or spherical,

Trinity College Exam Hall Classical
'Classical' architecture is a language that speaks to us with antiquity. The Exam Hall, once Theatre,
on the campus of Trinity College Dublin can be viewed as a neo–classical building, built during the
Georgian era. Neo–classical architecture is the revival of Greek and Roman classicism that took
place in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This revival of architecture as James Adams, a
famous English architect said, "was ready to seize with some degree of success, the beautiful spirit
of antiquity," which is quintessentially seen in the Exam Hall. The exterior of the Exam Hall
displays classical semblances of the Roman Corinthian Order while the interior is decorated using a
classical color pallet and style. This paper will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In comparing the Exam Hall to renowned neo–classical buildings we can deduce that we are rightful
in describing Trinity College Dublin's Exam Hall as being 'classical'. Chamber's classical style
shined in much of his work, specifically the exam hall. Trinity Colleges Exam Hall can be described
as classical because it is built following the guidelines of Corinthian Order. During the period of
classical architecture the Greeks founded the original three orders–Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian–
different classical styles of building that followed certain rules and mathematical ratios. The
Romans adopted these orders and made them their own. Roman Corinthian Order is the style of the
Exam Hall. The most distinctive element is the columns, which support an entablature. The Exam
Halls columns contain smooth unfluted shafts made from Portland Stone, a highly sought after stone
at the time. The column capital is ornate as all classical capitals are. The capital is decorated with
acanthus leaves and small volutes. There is also a fleuron in the center of the abacus, which lie atop
the column capital. The capitals are also made of Portland stone. The entablature, being held up by
the columns, contains three discrete elements that are classical in architecture. The Exam Hall
exemplifies all three of these elements. The architrave and frieze are found to be smooth while the
cornice contains dentils,

Neoclassical Architecture
The Neoclassical architecture consisted in the mid–1800s to the early 1900s. One of the earliest
phases of the neoclassical architecture grew alongside with the Baroque Period. The architecture is
generally evident in England, where there are buildings like the St Paul's Cathedral, The Royal
Observatory, and The Royal Chelsea Hospital. Large–scale structures, Ionic pillars, and huge
Renaissance–style noodles represent the Neoclassical architecture. Many took inspirations from
simple shapes like spheres, cubes, and cylinders so they could provide a more abstract classicism.
Two well–known architects of the neoclassical period were the British architect Robert Adam and
American architect Thomas Jefferson. The British architect Robert Adam was one of the most
important architects that worked in the neo–Hellenic manner. Born in Kirkaldy, Scotland, he
followed the steps of his father and studied architecture (Albert 1). His style worked well beyond
only architect, but to interiors which included moveable objects in a room. Ancient Greece and
Rome influenced his plans and decoration. He even got his own style which is experienced as the
Adam Style or Adamesque. Some of his famous houses included the Kenwood House, Oseterley
Park, and the Syon House (Study.com 1). His plans are a lot looser and less serious, with a broad
range of color and ornamentation. His architecture was made to match the outside of the building so
it would fit the interior. So, bring everything together to

Old Stone Bank: A Unique Building In Providence, Rhode Island
Old Stone Bank is a very unique building in Providence, Rhode Island. Old Stone Bank contains
architectural styles from several different time periods. The architectural styles that are found in Old
Stone Bank are ancient Greek architecture, and Byzantine architecture. The two most notable
features are the Greek like columns surrounding the entrance, and the Byzantine like imposing gold
dome on the roof. Architectural styles used centuries ago are often still used in today's world and
Old Stone Bank is an example of that. Old Stone Bank was constructed in 1819, and it still remains
very similar to when it was created except for a couple additions. The space was used as a mutual
savings bank then. In 1854, the gold dome addition was added onto ... Show more content on
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The building contains Corinthian columns from ancient Greece architecture, and it contains a similar
dome and pendentive as the Hagia Sophia from Byzantine architecture. The architects of the Old
Stone Bank did simplify and modernize some of the features because of budgetary reasons, not
having enough space, and so it could form a good balance compared to the surrounding buildings.
Overall, the Old Stone Bank is a very admired and respected building in Providence due to its use of
past successful architectural

How Did Thomas Jefferson Influence Neoclassical Architecture
Neoclassical architecture began in the mid eighteenth century by the neoclassical movement. It is a
style principally derived from the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, the architecture of
classical age, and the Marcus Vitruvius Pollio principles. Neoclassical architecture was the answer
to simplifying the excesses of the Rocco style with its simpler symmetrical forms, intense use of
columns, and a fondness for blank walls. Neoclassicism could be found flourishing in every major
city in Europe and the United States. Within this movement, two people stand out for their
architectural prominence. Thomas Jefferson from the United States and Robert Adams from Europe.
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was the author of the Declaration of
Independence, Governor of the State of Virginia, Ambassador to France, and the third President of
the United States of America. With these accomplishments, he was also one of the best architects of
the late 18th and early 19th century. Although a well–educated man, Jefferson was a self–taught
architect greatly influenced by the Italian revivalist architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580).
Jefferson was introduced to neoclassical architecture during his tenure as an Ambassador to France.
His enthusiasm for neoclassical art had a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Octagons were used in his work as with the entire Polar Forest House or just on the dome of
Monticello. Some other notable architectural features of Jeffersonian architecture include the use of
red brick for construction, white painted trim, hidden stairs, and a portico or covered entranceway
supported by enclosed walls or columns. Jefferson either designed or directly influenced public
buildings as well as private residences such as the Virginia State Capital, the United States Capital
Building, and his own houses Monticello and Polar Forest

Early Moorish Architecture In America
"Moorish architecture" is the Western term used for describing North African and Spanish
(Andalusian) Islamic architecture. Moorish style architecture in America was largely fantastical
rather than archaeological and often combined with many other styles. This type of architecture in
America was seen as very exotic and many of the buildings constructed in this style were non–
traditional. The details of the early Moorish Style were usually blended with forms from Egyptian,
Turkish, and Indian styles. This blending occurred before there was much archaeological awareness
about Moorish Styles. During the nineteenth century, these styles were referred to as the Oriental
Style, while Asian styles were referred to as Chinese. The Oriental Style

What Makes Architecture Real
Project Report:
Jon 9. Grade
Architecture
'Architecture' is a word of common knowledge, as I think it should and is at least for the people
around me that i know. For me the word is always associated with architect, because an architect is
the one who makes architecture real. Architecture as people understand it nowadays probably came
to life with the species homo sapiens because they are self conscious, before it was just a very
primitive thing. You could say DNA is an architect because it builds, in fact it is probably the best
and wisest architect humans know of, therefore we are also architecture because anything that is
built and is physical can be architecture by definition even Wikipedia states that. This is is all very
philosophical.
All form of art are connected with philosophy and so is architecture. Architecture is considered art,
plus everything that involves with it like the process of designing.
Architecture was the first art form on this planet, everything existing is in reality architecture, noone
never said architecture had to be created by a conscious being. If universe just came into existence,
therefore nothingness itself is an architect.
Therefore nothingness could be conscious, just vacuum or something more. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Nowadays building are not that practical anymore, there have been buildings just for the show like
the Eiffel tower. In fact there have been buildings just for show since the beginning of first
civilizations. Temples for gods, pyramids for pharaos, arcs for victorious battles. Still architecture
has to stay practical and efficient, if not, we could not support 7 billion people on this earth. For
example building a house which fits 5 families inside comfortably when it could as well fit in 15
families same comfortably with the same amount of effort put in. In other words not doing anything

The Dome Of The Rock
The Dome of the Rock (688–92) is a building project which demonstrates a particular way of
achieving uniqueness in architecture. Architectural uniqueness can be established by introducing the
same building form and materials in a slightly different way, complimenting its surrounding. Again,
this uniqueness can be achieved by having a completely different building vocabulary, contrasting
with its surroundings. In this context, this essay will investigate what type of architectural
uniqueness the Dome of the Rock possess and how this uniqueness has been achieved through
various architectural elements.
Historical Background and Site Context
The Dome of the Rock is located in the city of Jerusalem and stands upon the land of the main three
sacred religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. To them, Jerusalem was their holy
city, a place for pilgrimage and an area for devotion.
The Temple Mount, or al–Haram al–Sharif is a significant part of the city. The shape of the Temple
Mount is slightly trapezoidal and comprises of an array of different mosques, gates and monuments.
In the center of the platform, there is another raised trapezoidal platform, which is accessed by an
arcade of stairways. This platform holds up the focal point of the Temple Mount, the Dome of the
Rock. This monument was built primarily to act as a shrine, sheltering a sacred rock found upon the
Temple Mount. As the Umayyad's came to build the shrine on top of the Temple Mount, they were

Pratt's Architectural Style
The different architectural styles and use of public space throughout Pratt Institute expresses both
the function of the university and its relation to Clinton Hill and to changes occurring in New York
City. Pratt's original campus consisted of three brick Romanesque Revival styled buildings that were
built adjacent to one another, the Main Building, the East Hall Building, and the Student Union, and
Pratt Institute Library, which along with the Rose Garden, were available for public usage.
Characterized by its extravagant masonry, massive appearance, rounded–arch windows, and arcaded
entrances, the Main Building was designed after the Romanesque Revival Style to reflect the wealth
and sophistication of the newly rich, like Charles Pratt, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
, Like the Main Building, the Student Union and East Hall buildings were both designed after the
Romanesque Revival style in order to show the wealth of Charles Pratt and to help differentiate the
campus from the surrounding Clinton Hill neighborhood. Because Pratt Institute's privately owned,
steam–powered electrical generating plant is in the East Hall building, the building has a large brick
smokestack, or chimney, for the release of steam. In contrast to Romanesque Revival style of the
Main, East Hall, and Student Union buildings, the Pratt Institute Library was designed after the
Renaissance Revival style in order to portray its function as a public library accessible to both
students and the local residents. Like how Pratt Institute was originally found to provide the
working–class and immigrants the opportunity to attend college and teach them skills applicable to
New York City's changing economy, the Pratt Institute Library was built to be functionally
accessible to everyone, regardless of education or socioeconomic

Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater And Wim Delvoye
Visual art and construction can be integrated within one another through different mediums. Frank
Lloyd Wright shows this in the building, Fallingwater, while Wim Delvoye presents it in his piece,
Caterpillar 5bis. These two men have very unique and different styles but in the end they both relate
to art and construction. Whether it be art in construction or construction in art there is no doubt that
the two have crossed paths. Frank Lloyd Wright is an architect who lets art influence his
construction. In some of his pieces Wright lets the artistic beauty of surroundings and nature
influence and be a part of his buildings. Wright addressed the issue of boundaries in architecture, he
had unique ideas and concepts and brought them to life. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of his pieces involve a backhoe, dump truck, or other construction vehicle that are 3
dimensionally built in a gothic architectural style out of sheet metal. His art solves the issue of
relating two items that are generally unrelated, construction equipment and gothic style architecture.
His art is not just exclusive to the commercial art world but is available for the public to see in
certain parks. His art influences most certainly influences the world around it. As people walk by
these magnificent pieces they begin asking questions becoming curious and more creative. His art is
not really for education but more of for creativity, inventiveness, and shock

Philadelphia Centennial Of 1876 Research Paper
The Philadelphia Centennial of 1876 is the origin starting point for a rebirth of the colonial
architectural heritage of America and the early English and Dutch houses of the Atlantic seaboard.
The increasing popularity of colonial influences on contemporary architecture motivated a highly
publicized tour of a group of architects in 1877 who observed and recorded Georgian and Federal
houses of New England. The simplicity of colonial designs and honest use of materials with more
economical plans than the recently popular picturesque homes also contributed to the growing
popularity of the style. Even a century after "modern" architecture was introduced, Colonial Revival
motifs continue to be popular in new construction. These homes got their

How The Influences In The History Of The Iberian Peninsula
The history of the Iberian Peninsula has lead to influence from many different cultures throughout
history. These influences are especially visible in architecture. Looking specifically at medieval
Spain and the buildings that were constructed in this time frame, one can see the influence different
cultures had throughout the region. Some of the best examples for this come in the form of Gothic
Cathedrals. Greatly inspired by the French structures that started the movement, many Spanish
cathedrals exhibit not elements of French influence, but also Islamic influence as well. While most
study of Spanish cathedrals has focused on southern Spain and narrowed in on identifying the
Islamic influence within their design, northern Spain also provides some wonderful examples of the
influence from both French and Islamic culture, particularly in Leon and Burgos respectively. In my
comparison of these two cathedrals, I hope to grasp a better understanding of how different cultures
interact and influence architecture to form the Spanish Gothic style. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In this study, I will examine Spanish Gothic architecture and the different influences on it through a
comparison of the French inspire Leon and the Islamic Influenced Burgos. In my research, I will
focus on their similarities and differences, both in history and design. Because there is limited
research on these two cathedrals in particular, I will investigate scholarship on similar cathedrals to
find scholarly approaches I may be able to apply to these case

The Traditional Architectural Style in the Early 19th...
In this essay I am aim to explore Pugin's dissent from tradition through his ideas, inspiration, and his
most important works and their meaning. To dissent from tradition is to defy a stultifying tradition
or convention, which leads to new, daring styles (Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p.109). The
'traditional' architectural style in the early 19th Century, in Great Britain was classicism, inspired by
ancient Greece and associated with democracy as well as with the French revolution (Richardson,
McKellar, Woods, 2008, p. 112). Pugin, called this classical style 'the new square style' (Figure 4.7,
in Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p.123) and argued that it lacked authenticity of Great Britain
(Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pugin found his inspiration while travelling to other European countries, particularly in Germany,
where the Roman Catholic Church was predominant. (Lűbeck, St Chad's and Religious Art, 2009).
'Building without teaching and explaining is almost useless', Pugin stated, to stress out the
importance of writing about architecture. In his written works, he strongly attacked the era or
Reformation and Protestantism saying that 'men must learn that the period hitherto called dark and
ignorant far excelled our age and wisdom ...' (Pugin, 2003(1842) pp16–17, in Richardson, McKellar,
Woods, 2008, p.120) and looked down on the neo–classicism of his time (Figure 4.7, Richardson,
McKellar, Woods, 2008, p.123). In his book 'Contrasts'; he called the current classic style a 'decay of
taste'. In the book, he used plates which contrasted the Middle Ages, 14th and 15th Century, with
19th Century. In one example, he presented the Middle Age chapel in all its glory and with a focus
on the beautiful altar, while the 19th Century chapel looks more like a theatre and as though it lacks
the spiritual feel (Plate 2.4.7, Illustration book, p. 64). The former one highly resembles the St.
Chad's cathedral that Pugin designed later on in life (Introduction, St Chad's and Religious Art,
2009). The two styles of chapels also meant different functioning – while the central plan of the
Protestant Church put the preacher in the middle and surrounded with

Gothic Style and Its Influence on Modern Day Concept Arts...
SEMESTER II SESSION 2012/2013
GKA 2043 Research Methodology
Title:
The Study of Gothic Style and Its Influence on Modern Day Concept Arts
Introduction:
Gothic art flourished from the 12th century to the 16th century in Europe in response of the
Byzantine and Romanesque tradition. Although Gothic is associated with arts, its most prominent
use is in architecture, mainly for its pointed arch and flying buttress. To this day, the Gothic style is
taken as a 'label' for visual arts such as concept art designs, yet the meaning stray from the original
context, thus becoming rarely accurate.
In this study, one of the objectives is to discover how a concept artist conveys moods through gothic
style and the feels in his or her concept art ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To figure out the ways of an artist specialized in concept arts producing gothic–esque atmosphere
and effect in influencing one's perception of gothic–based elements
3. To find out how Gothic style has evolved throughout the eras, from the original – early period to
modern era, and also to learn how to apply the style accordingly in creating future artworks
4. To discover whether a concept artist's way and theory of art suited to be made as guidelines for art
students in producing artwork
Methodology:
In context of art and style, the suitable research type for this study, "Gothic Style and Its Influence in
Modern Day Concept Art", is "Qualitative Studies". The study is aimed to explain phenomena or
happening in a verbal manner and/or written descriptions rather than complex experimentation or
hypothesis by using numerical value ("Quantitative Studies"). In simpler words, a qualitative
approach will be conducted to study the influence of Gothic style in modern day concept art.
Definition: Gothic and Concept Art
Gothic Art is concerned with the painting, sculpture, architecture, and music characteristic of the
second of two great international eras that flourished in western and central Europe during the
Middle Ages. Gothic Art defines much of the late medieval art that grew out of the Byzantine and
Romanesque traditions. These were very formal artistic traditions with rigorous religious
conventions that limited the personal creativity of the

Essay On The Architect Tadao Ando
This article aims to give you some insight on the background of the architect Tadao Ando. More
information as to where he practices, where or how he studied, who taught him the art architecture,
the buildings he has designed and or has helped design, theories he has developed, theories and
styles of Architecture which have influenced him, his approach to design, the design style and
approach he has chosen to adopt, Ando's approach to architectural practice will also be unpacked
within this article and as well as my perspective on Tadao Ando as architect and his work as an
architectural student.
Tadao Ando was born in 1941 in Osaka, Japan, just a few minutes before his twin brother. When
Tadao turned two, his parents decided to separate them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Numerous people that enter the Church of Light who enter the church say they find it disturbing,
due to the distinct void space and the abundance of silence amounts to a sense of serenity. For Ando
the idea of 'emptiness' means something different. It is meant to transfer someone into the realm of
the spirituality. The emptiness is meant to invade the occupant so there is room for the spiritual to
fill them. (author uknown,9 September 2015)
People are only disturbed by these sensations they feel when entering the space, because they may
not be culturally accustomed to Tadao is accustomed to. (author uknown,9 September

How Did The Gothic Cathedral Developed In Northern Europe?
Topic
14. The Gothic cathedral developed in northern Europe in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.
Compare and contrast the Gothic Cathedral in England and France using at least two examples from
England (for example Salisbury Cathedral, Winchester Cathedral, Lincoln Cathedral and Ely
Cathedral) and at least two examples from France (for example Chartres Cathedral, Notre Dame de
Paris, Amiens Cathedral and Bourges Cathedral). Examine site, planning, structure, elevation,
materials, decoration and religious contexts in your analysis.
Thesis statement
Gothic is an influential architectural style in European history from 1140 to late 1300s, which
originated in France and was later introduced to other areas of northern Europe. Although Gothic ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rodin, Auguste. "The Gothic in the Cathedrals and Churches of France." The North American
Review 180.579 (1905): 219–229.
It introduces how the Gothic styles appeared in France and developed in a cathedral form, which
also compares Gothic cathedrals with ancient churches in France and gives an explanation that how
people in that time thought about this kind of architecture.
Scott, Robert A: The Gothic Enterprise: A Guide to Understanding the Medieval Cathedral.
University of California Press, 2011.
This book focus on arguments that why Gothic cathedral was created, why people of that time liked
it and how they found the sense of solemn in the context of culture and European civilization.
Theodossopoulos, Dimitris. "Structural design of high gothic vaulting systems in England."
International Journal of Architectural Heritage 2.1 (2008): 1–24.
This article covers the general constructing techniques being used in Gothic vaulting systems in
England, from which I can roughly make a comparison of cathedral structure between the England
Gothic and the French

The Influence of the Greeks and Romans on Architecture
Introduction
"Architecture should speak of its time and place, but yearn for timelessness." (Gehry, 2012). What
Frank Gehry was trying to say in simple terms was our culture cannot do without proper
appreciation of its classical roots and it goes without saying that the Romans and Greeks have
influenced art and architecture with its classical style in a number of different ways. Allow me to
give a definition for the word classical. "Classical" refers to any art or architecture modelled after
ancient Roman or Greek styles. In this essay I will be discussing what the word architecture means
in architecture, tracing its origins through Greek and Roman civilisation and comparing the key
similarities of these two different but similar influential cultures. I will also be referring to a few
examples of past and present examples of classical styles and scrutinizing from these examples why
and how the style of classical architecture has evolved and still stayed appropriate in our very
different contemporary cultures.
Classical architecture
(Classicalism in architecture has been in interpreted in a number of ways. Classical architecture is a
term used to refer to buildings from the classical period of European history, spanning the rise of
Greece into a major cultural power and ending with the collapse of the Roman Empire. Many
architects are influenced by the styles and themes this style of architecture, and they revived these
themes in the architectural style known as neoclassical

Development Of Hybrid Colonial Architecture
Colonial architecture is a combination architectural style of a country that has been adapted from the
other countries characteristics, methods and influences. The colonists built settlements and create
hybrid designs that include their countries of origin with the design styles. Europeans came to
Southeast Asia during 16th century. The colonial vision was effectively imposed on Southeast Asia.
At the beginning of the 20th century, most of the Southeast Asia countries were controlled by the
British, Dutch, French and the Americans. Under this colonial rule, the late 19th and early 20th
centuries was a period of fast development of such as new architectural styles, modern construction
methods and techniques, railways, roads, etc. They changed the configurations, construction and
methods to make the buildings more sustainable and maintained.
This essay focuses on the development of hybrid colonial architecture in early 20th century in
Southeast Asia. The essay investigates the different styles of buildings in different locations and
explains how these types of architecture combined both European and local origins. It explains the
Dutch style in Indonesia and the British style in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur/Malaysia while
giving an example building to these styles.
–The Dutch style in East Indies/Indonesia: The church at Puhsarang
–The British

The Importance Of Architecture In The 19th Century
The 19th century began with the United Kingdom in the throes of an industrial revolution, a
prosperous time for factory and mill owners, yet the working class lived in substandard conditions.
England being ruled by George IV, 'Britain's Most Useless Monarch', a man who was known for his
frivolous, dissolute lifestyle. With increasing social inequality and an unsupportive government,
there was civil unrest in the nation.
David Watkin, in his Book 'Morality and Architecture' (1977), maintains that some architecture is
being formed from the social, moral, and philosophical beliefs of a period. For Augustus Welby
Northmore Pugin, he saw Regency and Georgian architecture as an abomination. This was a period
of great civil unrest and inequality. The French Revolution had occurred not long ago (1789–1799)
and with a government that represented corruption and disparity, this seemed like a reasonable step
forward. In Pugin's first book, 'Contrasts' (1836) he argues that the state of the society and its
immorality was reflected in the architectural style adopted. The book states that compared to
Georgian architecture, Medieval Gothic architecture is morally superior. This is perhaps the first
time that an architect has claimed a style of architecture is more moral than another. The stucco–
fronted facades of the buildings and the decorative columns were dishonest to Pugin and therefore
immoral in the eyes of God.
Speaking about Medieval Cathedrals, Pugin says, 'It was, indeed,

Georgian Style In Colonial America
Georgian Design and the Beginnings of America The American Georgian style ruled American
design from about 1714 to 1830. The Georgian style was inspired by English and European styles of
the time, relied on classical elements, and took inspiration from the Italian Renaissance. Georgian
design was located mainly along the eastern seaboard, where "the old styles gradually gave way to
the Georgian, and there came for the first time a large degree of uniformity to American
architecture" (Wertenbaker, 1943, p. 66). Craftsmanship was a big part of early American life, and
people liked to show off their quality homes, eventually displaying their stations by "maintaining
codes of dress, speech, and behavior" (Architectural Style Guide). Georgian American design had
many different influences while adapting to suit the settlers needs. There are several beautiful
examples of this style still intact today. While the Georgian American style was one of the earliest
styles in Colonial America, it actually preceded by a simpler style, and ... Show more content on
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Throughout the years, tensions started growing between colonists and English soldiers. At the same
time, the French and Indian war waged on between England and the people occupying modern day
Canada. The loss of the French and Indian war meant that England had spent a lot of money that
they now needed to salvage. As a result, King George III started taxing the colonists; he also used
the taxes to try to regain control that he had lost (The Boston Tea Party). There were several
different taxes imposed, but the attempt to tax tea was the last straw. The result was the Boston Tea
Party (1773). This was one of the acts that lead to the start of the American Revolutionary War. The
war started in 1775 and continued through 1783. The fight between America and England was
rough; the American soldiers didn't have much and were greatly

Did Pugin's Revival Of The Gothic Use Tradition As A Form...
Leigh Hamilton
AA100 TMA 4
In what ways did Pugin's revival of the Gothic use tradition as a form of dissent?
Essay Plan
Introduction – What is dissent? Introduce Pugin
Paragraphs 1 & 2 – Pugin's aims and inspiration
Paragraph 3 – Attack on the era of Reformations and Protestantism. Plate 4.7 "decay of taste".
Difference in Church styles.
Paragraph 4 – Treatment of the poor. Plate 2.4.11
Paragraph 5 – "Christian" architecture – pointing upwards.
Paragraphs 6 & 7 – Emphasis on Britain's' greatness – not requiring ideas from other countries. Big
Ben
Paragraph 8 – Conclusion
Leigh Hamilton
AA100 TMA 4
In what ways did Pugin's revival of the Gothic use tradition as a form of dissent?
To answer this question, we must first ask ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the Contrasts focused and differences and similarities between the two historical periods,
Pugin's next book True Principles focused on the Gothic as being a true Christian architecture
(Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p.128).
Pugin advocated for "pointed" or "Christian" architecture (as Pugin called then what is now referred
to as Gothic style; Richardson, McKellar, Woods, 2008, p. 113) aimed to reach up to heaven,
symbolising Jesus' resurrection. Pugin stressed an

Robert Adam Research Paper
Biography
Frequently considered one of the most well known architects in Scotland, Robert Adam emerged as
a leader of classical resurgence in England for both interior decoration and architecture. Born in
Kirkcaldy, Fife in 1728, his designs combined light, detailed embellishment and colors, which he
were mainly notable for his use of abundant colors. Robert Adam was an eclectic who relied on his
design innovations as much as his business sense (Sharp, D., 1991). His work was on occasion
acknowledged as "neo–classical" and "Adamesque" which the proper term should have been "style
of the Adams brothers"( anam thanvi, 2013). His projects used light, graceful line of design, which
have much more liberty than the stern classical proportions of the Palladians (Ross. D., 2013). He
was an originator who innovates and experiments using all his different inspirations. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their firm was massive and during his time, Adam was one of the reigning king's of architecture and
leaves a legacy of the "Adam Style." (Sharp, D., 1991). Adam's adornment was typically considered
more than just a delicate surface adornment, in fact, it was significantly broader, it was mostly to
eloquent and define a room, to relay the diverse elements within it, to accomplish balance and
symmetry and to provide character. Adam worked in numerous capacities and it echoes in his
creations. In London, the firm often hired a large group of craftsmen, who put together numerous of
Adam's designs. Adam's designs were unique. Compared to other designers and architects, he
directly design and took full accountability for every single aspects of each creations, which gives
his work harmony which is essential for one of the principle of architecture, the movement. That
principle depends on thoughtful dramatic contracts in the design. A good example of that style is
The Kedleston Hall in

Inigo Jones And The Queens House
Throughout this essay I will explore to what extent Inigo Jones's design for the Queens House was
inspired by the works of Palladio and Palladian architecture and 15–16th century European
architectural precedents, while also exploring the role the building played on the development of
Neoclassical architecture on a wider scale. The Queens House represents the stylistic point of origin
for the great imposing buildings surrounding Greenwich but also for Neo–Classical architecture in
Britain more generally. The formative years of the designer, Inigo Jones (1573–1652) is largely
unknown although its believed he trained as a joiner and received no formal architectural education.
Its documented that in the year 1597 he visited Italy several ... Show more content on
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The Queens house, his first residential project gave him the chance to implement these ideas in
practice. Jones career was prolific, although a lot of what he created or modified has since
disappeared. Some of the buildings that remain include Banqueting Hall at Whitehall, the Queen's
Chapel at St James's Palace and St Paul's Church. He also consulted on the reconstruction of
Somerset House and the Covent Garden Piazza.
Palladian architecture is based on the symmetry and perspective of classical architecture,
particularly the temples of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. It was characterised by the use of
pediments and symmetry, and proportions that were based on mathematics rather than ornament.
"Palladian architecture is recognisable for its classical facades. Some of the defining features of
Palladianism include the use of Corinthian columns, decorative motifs such as masked faces and
scallop shells. Pediments used over doors and windows, both external and internal. Terms – free–
standing stones representing the head and upper torso of the Roman god Terminus, on top of a
pillar". Palladio, its founder "believed that a building and its decoration should be considered as a
whole". He particularly admired the monuments left by the ancient Greeks and Romans, and often
used the orders of classical columns in his buildings. Many of these architectural precedents

How Does Photography Affect The World
With the development of modern technology, cameras have now become an optical instrument for
recording or capturing images, which can be stored locally, transmitted to other locations or even
both. Since that, photography starts to appear as a common activity for people to play with and it is
also one of the most outstanding factors to affect different countries with architectural style. The
first thing that photo affect us is the cultural identity and personal characteristics, people nowadays
are gradually losing their personal identity along with the development of photography. Secondly,
through the spread of pictures around the world, it would be entirely possible for a certain
architecture style to appear simultaneously in two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We regard ourself as some virtual characters on social media, we post photos of ourself, the food we
eat or maybe just some random photos we take, all of these photos become a part of ourselves.
However, people always want to show the good side of themselves, so photography and internet
become a perfect tool to ' get rid of ' all the bad defects. In other words, everyone is building a new "
self " through the internet. One perfect example would be the software Photoshop, photoshop was
"originally innovated to show grayscale images on a monochrome display, and later on, developed
into a full–fledged editing program"(wiki–photoshop), but it is now more considered as a tool for
"skin whitening" or " face lifting".No wonder Photoshop is named to be an "unnatural" tool, it is
hard to distinguish the truth behind a photo, in which can cause people to recognize themselves in a
wrong way. From the article to what extent does photoshop affect society written by Nikol, it says,
"Daily, we are bombarded by the appearance of "flawless" celebrities in television, advertisements,
and commercials. This wrong perception of a perfect body has led to the creation of numerous
campaigns that are fighting the use of Photoshop.' It gradually becomes a habit and people get
addicted to doing it.
Besides the culture and personal identity, the invention of different media

Comparing The Benedictine Abbey Church Of St. Michael And...
The two works I would like the compare are the Benedictine abbey church of St Michael, as well as
La Sainte–Chapelle. The abbey church of St Michael is an early Romanesque style building and is
located in Hildensheim, Germany. The church was constructed between 1001 and 1031 during the
Ottoman period in the early middle ages. St. Michaels was commissioned by and built under the
direction of Bishop Bernward.
La Sainte–Chapelle is located in Paris, France and was founded by King Louis IX. The construction
began in 1246 and was finished in 1248. This Gothis style cathedral was designed by Thomas De
Cormont, an architect also worked on Amiens Cathedral.
I decided to research St. Michael's Church as well as Sainte–Chapelle because both churches are
very different compared to the other, yet both are beautiful works of architecture that depict the
artistic advancements for their time periods. St. Michael's building represents the Romanesque
artistic style of the Holy Roman Empire during the early middle ages. In contrast, La Sainte–
Chapelle exemplifies the qualities and extravagance of the Gothic artistic era. The double choirs,
towers, cross–vaulted crypt and painted ceiling are all examples of the historic decorative features of
the early Romanesque ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite being relatively small in length and width, it is equal in height to many other cathedrals. The
interior of Sainte–Chapelle's upper chapel is notable amongst other religious edifices for its
lightness, the chapel is seemingly bathed in light from the 15 near floor–to–ceiling stained glass
windows which surround it. Louis constructed it as a chapel for the royal palace and to house
precious relics. Such precious relics deserved to be sheltered in a special place. Hence, Saint Louis
chose to have a church built inside the Royal Palace on Cité isle in order to emphasize the close
relationship between the Holy Relics and the

Perpustakaan Negara and Pusat Sains Negara
Other than that, both the National Library, 'Perpustakaan Negara', and The National Science Centre,
'Pusat Sains Negara', have the same purposes in which to allow the public gain knowledges from
their visits. The National Library building design was influenced by the concept of a traditional
Malay men head gear called 'tengkolok songket' which can be seen exteriorly.
Most of the public building as mentioned above used a 'traditional' approach in it's design concept.
This indicated that part of the traditional influences is still being use locally in the progress of
forming the urban characteristic of Kuala Lumpur.
Other than all the mentioned buildings in previous pages, the other major components in
contributing urbanism in Malaysia is the old local shophouses which also had been the source of
economic growth and helps in the local urban development around 1970s.
In 20th century, three storey shophouses were built in Kuala Lumpur and had been quite popular in
comparison to other single and double storey shophouses in other places due to the high demand of
land values and urban progression to accommodate increasing capacity, also to provides enough
neccessities and needs of the town people back at that time. Although the storey height of the
shophouses is increasing, the plot arrangement and layout remains the same along the existing street
following the traditional method of linkages. Practically,this kind of development using the
traditional linear style blocks along

How Did The British Influence On American Culture
The transformation of administration architecture during independence and colonization
Politics has always been closely related to the transformations of architecture styles. The transition
of one region's political dynamics will certainly influence the exterior forms and the structural
connotations of the symbolic buildings. Different kind of political changes will also result different
kind of architectural stylistic shift. The independence of Turkey as a new nation and the colonization
of India by the British empire reflected the influence of political changes in architecture and how
new architecture style is introduced during such periods.
The independence of Turkey and its early development as a country full of energetic youth required
a combination of two almost contradictory ideals : In order to illustrate its disassociation with the
past Ottoman authority the new government desired international style which expresses scientific
modernization and political liberation; However, the Kemalists also wanted to preserve a certain
degree of cultural root in order to boost, if not, maintain nationalistic devotion of its citizens.
Consequently, a new hybridization of theses two ideals emerged ... Show more content on
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After claiming India, the British who are influenced by the orientalism perceived the mysterious
Eastern culture as intellectually inferior. As a result, the western colonizers often consider the
Eastern culture unable to advance on their own and therefore must be governed by a more
sophisticated society. The political authority was taken by the British administration because of the
western's technology and gunnery, and rules were implemented without the affirmation of the native
population. Consequently, a new architecture style was introduced and the administration buildings
during the colonial age reflect the colonizer's intention to glorify the

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