Benign ovarian masses include functional cysts and tumors; most are asymptomatic.Most functional cysts and benign tumors are asymptomatic. Sometimes they cause menstrual abnormalities. Hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts may cause pain or signs of peritonitis, particularly when they rupture. Occasionally, severe abdominal pain results from adnexal torsion of a cyst or mass, usually > 4 cm. Treatment varies depending on the patient's reproductive status.
Benign ovarian masses include functional cysts and tumors; most are asymptomatic.Most functional cysts and benign tumors are asymptomatic. Sometimes they cause menstrual abnormalities. Hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts may cause pain or signs of peritonitis, particularly when they rupture. Occasionally, severe abdominal pain results from adnexal torsion of a cyst or mass, usually > 4 cm. Treatment varies depending on the patient's reproductive status.
Cesarean scar endometriosis: Clinical presentation and imaging features with a focus on MRI.
Endometriose der Bauchwand nach Kaiserschnitt [Presentation in English].
Definition of fibroid / uterine leiomyoma
Diagnosis of Fibroid
Treatment of uterine fibroid
Surgery for uterine fibroid
When is surrogacy required for fibroid
By Dr Gajendra Tomar, Indore Infertility Clinic, IVF center
Cesarean scar endometriosis: Clinical presentation and imaging features with a focus on MRI.
Endometriose der Bauchwand nach Kaiserschnitt [Presentation in English].
Definition of fibroid / uterine leiomyoma
Diagnosis of Fibroid
Treatment of uterine fibroid
Surgery for uterine fibroid
When is surrogacy required for fibroid
By Dr Gajendra Tomar, Indore Infertility Clinic, IVF center
Uterine fibroid - Case scenarios and DiscussionHaynes Raja
This presentation is prepared to meet out the undergraduate medical student needs especially to understand the practical aspects of uterine fibroid and to rapidly revise some important viva questions.
Dedicated to my Great Teachers in the Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Dr. Lavanya Kumari and Dr. Sangeereni, Inspiring Friends Dr. Paulin Benedict, Dr. Jeyakumar Meyyappan and Dr. Hannah Jane and our REVELLIONZ 08’ batch.
Obstetricians and gynecologists hospital in dehradun kanishkhospita1l
Find the Best Gyne & Maternity Hospitals in Dehradun. Gynecology Doctors are available in Dehradun working in Gyne & Maternity Hospital Dehradun deal with the problems regarding reproductive system of females. Most of the Gynecologist in Dehradun is obstetricians because they treat the problem of childbirth, pertaining pregnancy & postpartum period. Many of Gyne & Maternity Hospitals in Dehradun providing the best treatment for severe diseases.
Find the Best Gyne & Maternity Hospitals in Dehradun. Gynecology Doctors are available in Dehradun working in Gyne & Maternity Hospital Dehradun deal with the problems regarding reproductive system of females. Most of the Gynecologist in Dehradun is obstetricians because they treat the problem of childbirth, pertaining pregnancy & postpartum period. Many of Gyne & Maternity Hospitals in Dehradun providing the best treatment for severe diseases.
Uterine fibroid (leiomyoma) and new treatment modalitiesMohammed Saadi
This presentation describes Uterine fibroid
Definition
Incidence
Etiology
Risk factors
Clinical manifestation
Red degeneration
Complications of fibroids
Management and the new modalities in treatment
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
3. Leiomyomas (fibroids)
Benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus
Commonly called “fibroids”
Estrogen dependent
Rarely occur before menarche or after menopause
Grow larger during pregnancy
Rarely malignant
Most common indication for pelvic surgery in
women
4. Epidemiology of Leiomyomas
Develop from smooth muscle cells by means of
hyperplasia
Occurs in 20% of women of reproductive age
Most often occurs among
Nulliparous women
Women older than 35
Nonsmokers
Oral contraceptive or IUD users
Obese
Positive family history
African American women
5. Classification of Leiomyomas
Submucous - Protrude into the uterine cavity
Sessile submucous
Pedunculated submucous
Intramural - Within the myometrial wall
Subserous - Growing toward the serous surface of the
uterus
Sessile Subserous
Pedunculated Subserous
Intraligamentous - Located in the cervix or in between
the folds of the broad ligament
Parasitic fibroid – No connection with uterus
6. Pathology
Macroscopy
Firm
Composed of fibrous tissue and myometrial tissue
If myometrial tissue high - Myoma
If fibrous tissue high - Fibromyoma
Growing fibroid Myometrium compressed and
atrophied
False capsule
7.
8. Leiomyomas:Symptoms
Usually asymptomatic
Symptoms increase as tumors grow
Common symptoms
Menstrual disturbance Pressure symptoms
Menorrhagia Feeling of “heaviness”
Dysmenorrhea Bloating
Spotting between periods Pelvic congestion, Varicose veins
Urinary retention, frequency,
dysurea
Dyspareunia
Back pain
A lump or swelling in the lower abdomen
Subfertility
9. Leiomyomas
Physical Examination
Abdomino pelvic lump
Firm
Non tender
Irregular
Mobile in transverse direction
Mobility restricted in longitudinal direction except
in pedunculated fibroids
Absence of ascites
Normal bowel sounds
May be mistaken for adnexal mass if situated laterally
If mass moves with the uterus, likely to be a leiomyoma
14. Diagnosis
USS
Characteristically appears hypoechogenic and well
defined lesions
Hysteroscopy
Pedunculated and submucous myomas can be
identified
Laparoscopy
Operative diagnosis
17. Management
Depends on
Symptoms
The location of fibroids
Size and number of the fibroid
Fertility wishes
Patient’s wishes
Facilities of the unit and the experience of the
operator
18. Management cont…
1. Monitoring
If the fibroids are causing no symptoms and are
not large,
‘wait and see’ approach
Re-evaluate every 3-6 months
Pelvic ultrasound as needed
Monitor Hb frequently
19. Management cont…
2.Medical treatment
Drugs
Oral contraceptive pills, either combination pills or
progestin-only, in an effort to manage symptoms
Hormones, used in combination to shrink the
fibroids prior to surgery
Long term progesterone
GnRH - analogues
Danazole
Gestrinone
Mifepristone
Letrazole
20. Management cont…
3.Arterial embolisation
Under local anaesthesia, a fine tube is passed via an
artery in the arm or leg into the main artery
supplying the fibroid with blood
The whole process is monitored by x-ray
Fine particles (like sand) are injected into the artery
to block the blood supply to the fibroid
The fibroid slowly dies and symptoms should settle
over a few months
22. Management cont…
4.Ablation Therapy
HIFU (High intensity focused ultrasound), (Magnetic
Resonance guided Focused Ultrasound)
Non-invasive intervention
Uses high intensity focused ultrasound waves
to ablate (destroy) tissue in combination with
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Laser ablation
23. Management cont…
5.Surgical management
Myomectomy Hysterectomy
Only the fibroid is
removed
1. Hysteroscopic
myomectomy
2. Laparoscopic
myomectomy
3. Open
myomectomy
Entire uterus is
removed
1. Abdominal
hysterectomy
2.Vaginal
hysterectomy
24. Management cont…
Myomectomy is indicated when,
Solitary pedunculated myoma
Nature or location of the myoma
appears to be interfering with fertility – sub
serous myoma or myomatous polyps
Myoma is causing pregnancy loss
Preservation of fertility is required
25. Myomectomy
Hysteroscopic myomectomy
Fibroids are removed via the cervix, using a hysteroscope
Recommended for submucosal fibroids
Laparoscopic myomectomy
Myomectomy through laparoscopy
Open myomectomy (Laparotomy & myomectomy)
Larger fibroids removed via an abdominal incision.
This weakens the uterine wall and makes Caesarean
sections for subsequent pregnancies more likely
Management cont…
27. Management cont…
Hysterectomy
Hysterectomy will indicated in,
Rapid enlargement of the uterus may mean possible
malignancy
Abnormal uterine bleeding not responding to other
methods of treatment and that may lead to anaemia
Pelvic pain
Secondary dysmenorrhea
Urinary symptoms
Uterine growth after menopause
Patient has completed childbearing
29. Fibroids — prevention
As the cause of fibroids is still unknown, there are no clear
guidelines for preventing them
There are some things you could do that may help to
reduce the risk
Keep your weight in check. This will minimize oestrogen
levels in body
Eat green vegetables and fruit, and avoid red meat
Some studies suggest the combined pill may protect
against fibroids by keeping hormone levels from peaking
and falling
