Fiber optics can carry photons to complement electron carrying wires and is now established for long distance telecommunications. It has advantages over coaxial cable including being repeatless over longer distances, lighter weight, higher bandwidth, and less susceptibility to electromagnetic interference or tapping. Fiber optics has applications in the military for transmitting video from missiles back to operators. It is also used in medical devices for endoscopy, vehicles for transmitting control signals, industries for machine monitoring and safety, and decorations for lighting.

1. FIBER OPTICS
S.THAARINI
22ECR211

2.  INTRODUCTION
Fiber optics which is a part of a larger or more general field called photonics, is
concerned with the use of glass fibers carrying photons to complement electron
carrying wires.
This technology is now well established in long distance fiber optic
telecommunication and rapidly growing in other areas like military application,
biomedical application , etc…

3. o
1.REPEATERLESS COMMUNICATIONS
Fiber Optic – Repeaters every 16kms or more coax – Repeaters every
500m
2.WEIGHT
Coax cable weighs approx. five times more than equivalent lengths of fiber
optic cable
3. HIGHER BANDWIDTH
Optimized for applications requiring multiplexed voice, data, and video
signals.
4. SECURITY
Not affected by EMI OR RFI
very difficult to tap. Reduces need for encryption
WHY FIBER OPTICS

4. A fiber optic cable that is paid out from the missle during flight is
used to transmit a picture back to the gunner from a camera (TV or IIR).
Guidance commands are also transmitted from the gunners
position to the missle through this fiber link.
Core-silica doped with germanium or phosphorus.
Cladding – pure silica.
Ultra violet clear polymer coating.
Diameter 200 – 250 microns.
Copper cable lacks bandwidth necessary to transmit television.
WORKING PRINCIPLES:-

5. 1. COMMUNICATION
Optical fiber is mostly use in communication.
It is use in Wi-Fi router, landline phone and server-connector.
A single optical fiber can carry over 3,000,000 full-duplex voice calls or
90,000 TV channels So it is use in Broad bandwidth.
Broadcasting companies use optical fibers for wiring HDTV, CATV, video
– on – demand and many applications.
APPLICATION OF OPTICAL FIBER

6. Defence Is Another Significant Area where Optical fibres are
extensively used. These cables are suitable for the transmission of data
2. DEFENCE PURPOSE

7. Fiber optics is used in aboard vehicle
because they are lighter than copper and
are immune to EMI and lightning strikes
making electrical shielding unnecessary.
Fiber optic cable transmit optical signal
from the flight control computer to the
control surfaces at the ship’s rear.
3. FIBER OPTICS ABOARD VEHICLE

8. Because of its extremely thin and flexible
nature, it is used in various instruments to
view internal body parts by inserting into
hollow spaces in the body.
It is used as lasers during surgeries,
endoscopy, microscopy and biomedical
research.
4. IN MEDICAL INDUSTRY

9. Fiber sensors is used in surveillance because of their
extremely
rugged characteristics and ability to monitor a wide range of
parameters.
It is also used to track pressure impulses.
For example, in Vietnam remote sensors were used
behind enemy lines and pressure sensors/seismic sensors
were buried along the road to determine the number of
vehicle that passes a point.
5. SURVEILLANCE / SENSORS
This Py Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-

10. These fibers are used for imaging in hard-to-reach places such as they are
used for safety measures and lighting purposes in automobiles both in the
interior and exterior.
They transmit information at lightning speed and are used in airbags and
traction control.
They are also used for research and testing purposes in industries.
6. OPTICAL FIBERS ARE USED IN INDUSTRIES

11. By now, we got a fair idea of what is optical
fibre and it also gives an attractive, economical
and easy way to illuminate the area and that is
why it is widely used in decorations and
Christmas trees.
7. FOR LIGHTENING AND DECORATIONS

12. The applications of the fiber optics field are still emerging and developing so
rapidly that, it is impossible to keep track each and every innovations and
inventions.
All the above compilations gives idea about the tremendous potential
associated with this field.
The future is not so distant when scientists and researchers will come up
with more and more futuristic products and applications using optical fibers.
CONCLUSION