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Feminist theory
This document outlines the history and key concepts of feminist theory. It discusses three waves of feminism focused on equal legal rights, cultural and political inequalities, and post-colonial feminism. Several influential feminist texts are mentioned, including works by Mary Wollstonecraft, Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler, and others. The document also covers major feminist perspectives like liberal, radical, Marxist, and postcolonial feminism as well as the work of theorists like Hélène Cixous, Kate Millett, and Elaine Showalter.
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Feminist theory
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- 2. “feminisme” –Charles Fourier Proto feminist Chaucer Milton Plato Christine de Pizan
- 3. Three Waves First-wavefeminism equal legal rights , Property rights.. A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1742) - Mary Wollstonecraft Second-wave feminism (1960s–1980s) cultural and political inequalities Third Wave frminism "post-colonial" and "Third World" feminisms. Martha lear coined first two feminism 3rd wave feminism was named by Rebecca Walker
- 4. A Vindication ofthe Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792) Charles Maurice – Domestic Education Rousseau and Dr. Gregory (Slave) Modesty Good Mother
- 5. Liberal Feminism (Equal Rights) Radical Feminism Marxist Feminism Separatist feminism Anarchist feminism
- 6. Black feminism Womanism Alice Walker Angela Davis Barbara Smith
- 7. Postcolonial feminism/ third-world feminism Non – Western Women and Western Women Civilized Amrita Pritam Gayatri Spivak Chandra Talpade Mohanty Taslima Nasrin
- 8. French feminism Simonede Beauvoir The Second Sex (1949) "one is not born a woman, but becomes one.“ deviation from the normal. femininity is a construction of civilization Other Subject vs Object Facts and Myths – book 1 “eternal feminine” Woman’s Life Today – Book 2 three major functions
- 9. Loss ofreproductive capacity – identiy Woman’s Situation and Character – book 3 “woman’s situation is not a result of her character” “Only in work can she achieve autonomy” – liberation
- 10. Hélène Cixous TheLaugh of the Medusa forced away from writing Male made history / Publications writing as industry as a phallocentric entity “female-sexed texts. That kind scares them” History - phallocentric tradition Medicine – Freud – lack “Only by writing their stories will women assert themselves, liberate themselves, “break out of the snare of silence”
- 11. The Madwoman inthe Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination Victorian literature Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre Jane Austen, Mary Shelley, Charlotteand Emily Brontë, George Eliot, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Christina Rossetti and Emily Dickinson. Either "angel" or the "monster." killing off both figures Anxiety of Authorship
- 12. Kate Millet SexualPolitics ( 1969 ) "sex has a frequently neglected political aspect" D. H. Lawrence, Henry Miller, and Norman Mailer writer Jean Genet “The essence of politics is power” Internalised ideology
- 13. Judith Butler GenderTrouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990) Gender and Sex gender as performance or gender performativity Michel Foucault's theory in "Discipline and Punish"
- 14. Elaine Showalter TowardsA Feminist poetics “Feminist Critique” male-produced literature Male-oriented Gynocritics “la gynocritique” Feminine, Feminist and Female Stages female language
- 15. feminine phase- 1840-1880 Pseudonym – Equal Intellectual feminist phase - 1882 to 1920 Opposed – Sufferings female phase Difference b/w male and female sentence.
- 16. Feminist Criticism inthe Wilderness Geoffrey Hartman’s claim the oppressor’s language’ Separate language Androcentric vs Gynocentric
- 17. A Literature ofTheir Own: British Women Novelists from Bronte to Lessing (1977) women’s literature is an imitation of men’s 3 phases Androgyny
- 18. The Subjection ofWomen (1869) right to vote Harriet Taylor Mill women are naturally worse "there remain no legal slaves, save the mistress of every house."
- 19. Other Important Works Luce Irigaray's Speculum of the Other Woman – AGAINST Freud Julia Kristeva's Revolution in Poetic Language – semiotic (pre-verbal realm) Adrienne Rich's "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence" Chandra Talpade Mohanty's "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses“ Donna Haraway's "A Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the 1980s“ The Female Eunuch - Germaine Greer Sister Outsider - Audre Lorde. Beauty myth – Naomi Wolf
- 20. Anglo –American feminism – female as a reader Feyteled’s “ the resisting reader” British feminists – Marxist - althusar French Feminism – Psychoanalytic Metaphysical feminism – 3 stages of feminism – jula kristiva Misogyny
- 21. Women Writing Dalespenbder – Man made language Ericture feminine Chora by julia kristiva – symbolic Women’s writing Gyno criticism Shulamith Firestobne – Dilectic of sex