Federal, State, And Local Roles Of Emergency Management

Federal, State, And Local Roles Of Emergency Management
Federal, State, and Local Roles in Emergency Management
Introduction
Government at all levels plays an important role during disaster management. Actions and roles of
each government agencies are spelled out in the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and
the National Response Framework (NRF). But before we go into details on the roles of
governments, let me first of all explain what constitute emergency and emergency management, just
to give clearer understanding some of these terms. Then I will examine the roles of governments at
all level including first responder actions, mutual support, lead and support roles.
An emergency is a severe, sudden and sometimes risky circumstances requiring urgent action
(Salman Sawalha, 2014). Escalation of an emergency situation can lead to disaster; which is an
unusual event that can cause lost of life and property (Salman Sawalha, 2014). International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRRCS) define disaster as "unexpected
devastating events that disrupts the operations of a population or public which leads to huge losses
and overwhelmed the affected community 's ability to respond to the situation with the resources
they have at hand". There are two main types of disaster that can lead to emergency situations; these
include natural and man–made disasters.
Natural disasters are the catastrophes cause by "Mother Nature", which is often difficult to forecast
or manage (Morrison, et al 2014). Examples of
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The Strategic Challenges Of Homeland Security
The six strategic challenges that the Department of Homeland Security has identified as
"...prevailing challenges that pose the most strategically significant risk" are: terrorism, cyber
terrorism, nuclear terrorism, biological concerns, transnational criminal organizations, as well as
natural hazards (Department of Homeland Security. 2014). These six challenges all pose a threat to
the safety of the homeland and because of that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS has to
issue a review to Congress every four years. They talk about the threats that currently face the nation
as well as the near future outlook of threats. Once the updated risks have been establishes the
missions within homeland security regarding these threats include: "The prevention of terrorism and
the enhance of security, the securing and managing of the nation's borders, the enforcement and
administration of the nation's immigration laws, safeguarding and securing cyberspace, and the
strengthening national preparedness and resilience (Week 3 Lesson). Terrorism is something that
everyone is aware of and how is effects our country. Many were around when September 11, 2001
and for those people is really brought the threat home. Prior to these attacks, there was the thought
that knowing something could happen on our homeland but I am not sure that anyone ever thought
that it would be as dramatic and deadly as it was. Since then, the Department of Homeland Security
has been formed and new rules have

Violence Between Cops And Civilians
In today's society, violence is prevalent and the amount of violence per day is rising rapidly.
Violence that may lead to the death of family, friends and loved ones. Even more in today's society
there is more violence between the police and just regular civilians. Cases that involve police
brutality and violence range from Samuel DuBose, Eric Garner, Micheal Brown and Tamir Rice
(Akkoc, The Telegraph). What really happens in this violent interaction between cops and civilians?
The public wants the answers to the questions they may have. There are many different opinions that
individuals may have about police and police brutality. But is the government really doing enough to
find the truth about what really happens in situations that involve police brutality and the abuse that
may happen to a law enforcement agent? The government is putting in enough time in order to find
the truth out about the deaths of law enforcement agents and innocent civilians that didn't do
anything wrong in a violent situations. The government is also informing the public on what
happened in the situations and they are trying to get the community more educated and involved in
the violent instances.
The United States federal government is demanding a reform of police in the country. Everyone in
this country needs answers quickly before the violence continues. What is the government doing to
speed the process in the reform? "In December 2014, Presdient Obama proposed $263 million in
federal funding

Brockport Village Board Analysis
Introduction: A wide variety of topics were covered during the Brockport Village Board meeting on
March, 16th. The Village of Brockport is an incorporated community within the Town of Sweden in
Upstate, New York. The town board represents approximately 8,300 permanent residents of the
village (Brockport, 2015). Furthermore, Brockport is the host community for the primary campus of
the College at Brockport. The presence of this institution presents a variety of unique opportunities,
as well as challenges for the municipal government. The Board holds two meetings per month on
Mondays at their Village Hall. This building is located at 49 State Street, and is both the seat of the
Brockport Municipal Government and local museum. This meeting ... Show more content on
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The Treasurer delivered an update on the village budget and he advocated for minor tax increases.
The Brockport Police Department recently won an award for their efforts to detect and prevent
intoxicated driving. Furthermore, multiple decisions to enhance the museum were unanimously
ratified by the Board. An interesting attitude that I noticed amongst the Board and the department
heads is a general distrust towards the college students. The majority of the semi–contentious
debates that took place surrounded the effects of the college students on the particular resolution.
For example, local coffee shops requested that the hours in which they can put tables and chairs on
the sidewalks be extended from 11pm to 3am, the college students were the primary topic of
discussion. The police chief and members of the board suggested that students would be too loud
and unruly to make this request feasible. Moreover, the request was unanimously rejected by the
board. Furthermore, a proposed fundraiser for the village that involved a partnership with the
Stoneyard Brewery was explicitly dated to be after commencement. This attitude of mistrust
between the village government and the college was prevalent throughout the meeting. The Mayor
did meet with the College Presidential Candidates in order to establish a productive relationship
with them. It was extremely

Chesapeake Region Essay
Geography Maryland's Eastern Shore region is comprised of the group of largely rural counties
located on the eastern side of the Chesapeake bay. The Chesapeake is a vital resource for the Eastern
Shore, as it provides many ecosystem and economic services. Indeed, Maryland's Department of the
Environment is tasked with maintaining the Chesapeake Bay, a project that many Eastern Shore
counties take part in. Many parts of the coast in the Eastern Shore are designated as "Critical Areas"
for Chesapeake Conservation. All the countries profiled below, except for Caroline County, have
coasts on the Chesapeake Bay. The region is also home to extensive marshlands. Resilience
Challenges
Climate Vulnerabilities According to the Maryland Department ... Show more content on
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However, Kent County's Hazard Mitigation Plan recommends joining the CRS. Despite not
participating in the CRS, Queen Anne's County ranks among the top 15 communities with the
highest number of insurance policies, along with Talbot and Dorchester. In 2017, the participating
counties (Talbot, Dorchester, Cecil, and Caroline) all received a rating of 8 from the CRS.
Notable Regional and State Initiatives
Regional Councils The Mid–Shore and Upper–Shore Regional Councils bring Eastern Shore
counties together to participate in regional planning on. The Mid–Shore Regional Council is
comprised of Caroline, Dorchester, and Talbot counties. The Upper–Shore Regional Council brings
Cecil, Kent, and Queen Anne's counties together.
State Initiatives
Maryland's Department of Housing and Community Development supports the Sustainable
Communities Program (SCP), which provides resources to designated local governments seeking to
revitalize their communities. The program is open to both municipalities and counties. It focuses on
promoting environmentally and socially "responsible growth." All of the profiled counties have
towns that participate in the SCP and the city of Cambridge is a participant as

Homelessness : The Homeless, Local Authorities, Commercial...
Homelessness is a desperate situation in which an individual or family may find themselves without
a permanent home. The relationship between the homeless, local authorities, commercial businesses,
and neighborhood residents is an important one. Its challenges affect those who wish to help, those
in need, and those affected by the causation of the two. The trials of the homeless often include
navigating the streets as well as navigating program bureaucracy in an effort to obtain services
leaving, often negative, perceptions on residents and businesses. Many assumptions are made about
the homeless and the curious wonder why many seem to remain without basic needs, skirting
societal norms of obtaining gainful employment and maintaining a residence, despite the availability
of community aid. These assumptions affect how the homeless are perceived and the manner in
which they are regarded. One assumption about the homeless is that they are lazy and aren't hard
working, and aren't interested in becoming self–sufficient. Conversely, many do seek a better life,
but their efforts may be marked by misfortune. Darius Bryant was almost out of high school when
his mother became unable to care for him. He was college bound and found himself staying over
with friends or shelters and, eventually, unsure from where his next meal would come (Bauer, 2012).
Eventually, he arrived at the acquaintance of Pastor Scott Eberlein of Trinity Lutheran Church.
"Pastor Scott," as

Case Study Of Chief Davis Executive Style
After carefully reading the case studies, I concluded that Chief Davis' executive style is in line with
The Statesman and Chief Fortier's executive style is in line with The Administrator. The Statesman
style stresses leadership and Chief Davis had a strong subordinate leadership in which he allowed
their thoughts and ideas to be put into place (Cordner, 2016). The Statesman focuses on the
department's interests by being in constant contact with the community as well as the government
and gives them tasks in order to provide leadership within the community. Chief Davis focused on
building support from outside of the agency by becoming transparent with the community and by
allowing them to see what decisions were being made. Chief Davis had strong ties to the local
businesses and as a result, they heavily supported the Lowell Police Department. A strong indicator
that the LPD had the backing of their community was that a fundraiser "led by a local businessman
to raise some $200,000 to buy the department's mobile precinct" (Cordner, 2016, p. 488). Chief
Davis also had the strong support from Senator Paul Tsongas, who was a resident of Lowell and
worked well with the city government. By being involved in the local government as well as the
university and businesses in Lowell, Chief Davis was extremely successful in getting community
and monetary support for his department (Cordner, 2016). Chief Davis was also successful in
convincing the residents in the community to build a new precinct in the crime riddled Cambodian
neighborhood. This was largely done because he had the trust and support of the community as well
as seeking the help and advice from outside of the department in Linda Hart. Chief Davis even was
able to win over one of his non supporters by hiring Cambodian and Latino officers to help close the
communication gap between the police department and the minority communities. The Statesman
can often have a negative impact on a department because the department members feel that he or
she loses touch of who they are representing, but Chief Davis never lost the trust of his personnel
and built a supporting coalition inside as well as outside of the department. The Administrator style
of leadership

Essay On Centralized Law Enforcement
Over the years, the debate on whether the Department of Law Enforcement in U.S. should be
centralized or not continues to be a contentious issue. Both centralized and decentralized forms of
administration have their own advantages as well as disadvantages. The U.S. currently has a
decentralized police administration structure, which has received equal measure of admiration as
well as criticism. As a member of Congress, my staff assistant's proposal to nationalize law
enforcement throughout the United States brings with it meaningful insights which need to be
analyzed before coming up with an informed conclusion. This essay will therefore analyze some of
the benefits of such a proposal, as well as the shortcomings, not forgetting how different groups will
perceive it.
Undesirable Consequences of Nationalizing Law Enforcement
To begin with, a centralized law enforcement department will be somewhat be distant from the
community. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will lead to accountability problems whereby the police can misuse the public funds. The
public need to have their say on police operations in order to promote efficiency. (Gaines & Worrall,
2011) Consequently, anarchy can arise within the department whereby the police can engage in
corruption activities, abuse of power and indiscipline as the public is not holding them accountable
as much as it should be. Another crucial problem will be exploitation and manipulation from the
central government. Since a centralized police department will be receiving funds and other
resources from the national government, the political leaders at the top of the federal government
might start using their influence and power to manipulate police operations.
Positive Aspects Nationalizing Law Enforcement
The proposal to centralize law enforcement depart is not all disadvantageous as it has some benefits
that come with

Compare And Contrast State And Federal Health Agencies
Each country has a health organization for their country. In the United States, the health
organizations have been established in response to public health issues on both the long–term and
emergency. The community organizations are divided into Governmental health agency, Quasi–
Governmental health agency, and Nongovernmental health agency. These organizations contribute
to promote, protect and maintain the health of the community. However, there are differences in
these organizations according to their sources of the funding, responsibilities and organizational
structure.
1) Governmental health agency
Governmental health agencies are part of the government structures (federal, state or local). They
are funded primarily by tax dollars and managed by government officials. Each governmental health
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It is established on the basis of each country. The national health agencies take responsibility
through the development of health policy, the enforcement of regulations on health, the provision of
medical services and researching programs, and support state and local health agencies.
National Health Agency in the United States is The Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS). It is the US government's principal agency for the protection of the health of all Americans
and for providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help
themselves.
– State Health Agencies. All 50 states in the United States have their own state health departments.
Although the names of these agencies may be different from state to state, their purpose is the same:
to promote, protect, and maintain the health and welfare of their citizens. These purposes are
represented in the core functions of the public health. The core functions of public health include the
assessment of the information on the health of the community, comprehensive public health policy
development, and assurance that public health services are provided to the

Persuasive Essay On Homeless Children
Homeless is not only limited to only affecting adults, it also includes families that have kids.
According to test scores on the Kentucky's year end test, "[...] the percentage of homeless students
scoring proficient or distinguished in math and reading was 15 to 18 points lower than the student
population as a whole in 2013–14" (Musgrave). As previous articles articulated it is best to target
specific groups who suffer from homelessness, the same should be considered for the kids who are
struggling not only with their education but in their personal lives as well. With their focus mostly
being on their survival, they don't seek to improve upon their education because on their list puts
studying and homework at the end. In doing so they push themselves back and then get piled up
with work and grades to the point where they just quit. Since most of these kids already feel
pressured to help their families, they are unable to see the importance and value of education since
they are mostly seeking for fast solutions for their problems. Additionally homeless kids are not
helped as much, there seem to be no certain position or person that is able to qualify in regards to
the help that homeless kids need. But with emphasis on the importance of education, these kids are
unable to see the potential that they can unlock through education. As a result more kids pouring out
into the streets and staying there because they lacked the help and support to get themselves off the
streets. And

Ferguson Fair Case Study
Khadija Dosani
Group 3
Project # 2
Introduction A story of a young African American male being shot and killed by a white police
officer recently launched a nation–wide debate on the rift between communities and their local law
enforcement. Although a small town, Ferguson has been under the national microscope. From
individuals sharing their opinion on various social media platforms to personal involvement from
the federal government, this case has redefined the mindset with which citizens view all police
officers. The case of Michael Brown brought to light the dire need for transparency and
accountability with police departments throughout the United States.
The clear need for accountability arouse through the President's Task Force on 21st Century
Policing, which stated that, the gap between local police departments and the communities in which
they serve needs to be eradicated. The federal government mobilized the Office of Missouri
Governor, Jay Nixon to establish an executive order in which the Ferguson Commission will
evaluate and report policy recommendations within four key areas. All four aspects of the report
foster the idea of community engagement through local law enforcement strengthening its relations
with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through the Friends of Ferguson Fair, the local community will gain the opportunity to bond with
the police department. Local carnival type activities will urge positive interaction between Ferguson
citizens and police officers. The Ferguson Commission will be able to utilize social media platforms
such as Instagram, Facebook and Twitter to create powerful imagery of Ferguson residents and the
Ferguson police department coming together in an effort to maintain transparency within the

Social Determinants Of Health Essay
(1).
Social determinants of health are those economic, physical, and social conditions that affect our
health and quality of life in the environments in which we are born, where we live, play, learn,
worship, work, and grow old.
Our overall health is greatly impacted by the quality of the economic and social opportunities we
have available to us. For instance, is my home safe? Is my kids' school safe? Does my community
have a state of the art library? Are my drinking water, food, and air safe? Do we have a community
gym? Is there a place of worship nearby? And the list goes on. The answers to these questions, our
social interactions and the conditions in which we live in our community do affect our health and
explain why some people or communities are healthier than others.
Policy could be used to improve the social determinants of heath. First and foremost, we must
recognize and identify the problem in order to shape policy to address the problem. Education and
employment are major determinants for many families and individuals. Therefore, if we can put in
place smart policy such as–making quality education affordable or free for all– could go a long way
in changing lives and improving health. In addition, we can put in place ... Show more content on
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Therefore, local health department primary function is to provide community oversight and carry
out activities such as community health assessment, assurance, and policy development. In other
word, local health department is a service unit of the state government that serves the people directly
by conducting a community assessment to identify the population it serves, investigating health
problems and health threats in the community, preventing, immunizing, and carrying out many other
community related health

Health Agency Structure
In terms of state health agency structure and governance, approximately thirty percent of the state
have a centralized governance organization, thus local health units are mainly led by employees of
the state. Ten percent of the state have a joint governance structure so local health divisions is
controlled by state employees of the local government or state. If state employees are in control,
local government has the authority to make financial decisions or issue municipal health
instructions; if local employees are in control the state stays in control. On the other hand, more than
half of the state have a decentralized structure, therefore local units are mainly controlled by
workers of local governments. Ten percent of the state have ... Show more content on
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Fifty–five percent of state public health organizations are structured as free–standing or independent
departments within state government and forty–five percent are located within the umbrella such as
the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Umbrella organizations are responsible
for various types of health and public health services, such as Medicaid, public assistance, state
mental health services, and long–term care. Public health services are distributed on a district or
local level through several organizational structures. These organizational structures have an impact
on the distribution of public health services (The Structure and Organization, 2017). Furthermore,
all states must establish clear organizational strategies for public health accountability. States must
have a department of health that assembles all primary health–related functions within a competent
administration. The department must focus on disease control and health promotion, environmental
responsibilities, and health regulations for occupations. Also, the federal government should
determine structures or systematic changes that would be relevant to improve the federal
government ability to meet the objectives of public health leadership. State and local agencies must
strengthen environmental

The Role And Role Of The Public Sector In The UK
The public sector is owned and operated by the Government, and exists to provide non–profit
services for its citizens (privacysense). The main aim of the public sector is to provide value for
money for taxpayers and other stakeholders defined as "the most advantageous combination of cost,
quality and sustainability to meet customer requirements" (finance–ni.gov.uk). It is essential that
management of public sector organisations realise the importance of providing good quality
information, in order to facilitate effective decision making, efficient performance measurement and
provide assurances as to good value for the taxpayer (nao.org.uk). The public sector in the UK is a
significant portion of the overall economy and includes the delivery of essential services including:
National Health Service, Education, Police, and Military.
1a GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS DONE (240) TAKE OUT BRACKETS/CHECK NUMBERS
FROM GOV WEBSITE/ WHAT FISCAL YEAR/
Public sector organisations exist at different levels: central government and local government.
(gov.uk) In relation to central government, there are 25 Government Ministerial Departments (see
Appendix A) with the major spend departments being: Department of Work and Pensions,
Department of Health and Department of Education.
The Department for Work and Pensions Secretary of State is David Gauke MP. This department
budget expenditure was £240 billion (gov.uk) during year 2016/2017 which equates to 31% of
proposed total government spending for

A Brief Note On The And Fire Departments Essay
Hundreds of people were left stranded in or on their homes or apartments because of rising flood
waters. Police and fire departments were unable to reach people for several days because of roads
and bridges being flooded. During snow storms, roads often become impassible due to snow and ice.
ESS must put the safety of their staff ahead of everyone else if they want to ensure that they will
have all the necessary personnel and resources to respond as soon as they are able. Potential
Consequences Local Level When the ESS becomes compromised due to a terrorist threat, local
communities are the first to suffer. When LE, fire departments, or EMS are unable to respond to
calls due to the risk of personal injury or because of their systems being hacked, it puts citizens at
risk of additional injury, illness, or death. If a loved one has been attacked and police are unable to
go near the scene because he or she is being shot at, it impacts your life directly. In the event that a
hacktivist has put the home address of a police officer online, it does not just affect him/her or the
department, but also their family. When a building is on fire and the fire department is not able to
get to the scene because there is an active shooter in the area, lives and property are at stake. In the
event that severe weather breaks out, first responders, to include LE and fire departments, are at the
mercy of the elements to safely reach their destinations. State Level When ESS becomes

Police History Paper
Abstract
Starting In 1829, Sir Robert Peel began developing his theory of policing. These nine principles are
as relevant today as they were in the 1800's. Peel established the Metropolitan Police when he
served as Home Secretary of England. Since Sir Robert Peel introduced his principles of policing in
the early 1800's, our country has continued to follow his ideas of effective policing. Community
policing is based on Peel's concept of prevention.
According to one of Peel's principals, the real key for policing is "The police are the people and the
people are the police". Peel believed that prevention of crime could be accomplished without
intruding into the lives of citizens. Sir Robert Peel's first principle was that, "The basic ... Show
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By providing adequate training on the use of force and having the public's trust and respect can
ensure that force is only used to the extent necessary.
When individuals have little or no respect towards the police, they are most likely to ignore the
requests or demands of officers. This can lead to the officer having to use force in order to gain
control of a situation. Peel felt that "The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and
disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it." (Westminster Police
Department, 2012) When police are faced with dispersing large crowds, it is necessary for the public
to have the respect to follow police orders. When individuals lack trust and respect for the police,
riots may occur, which can also lead to arrests, serious injuries, and even death.
Sir Robert Peel's principles and Community Policing go hand in hand and share the same concepts
and goals in policing. One of the distinct similarities between Peel's approach and Community
Policing is that prevention of crimes is the number one priority. I believe that Peel felt morals played
an important role in effective policing. It is important that police officers think things through and
have the best interests in mind before making decisions.
Peel's principals "Police seek and preserve public favour not by catering to public opinion but by
constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law",

Papers On Homelessness
"Homeless is more than being without a home. It is tied into education needs, food, security; health
issues both mental and physical, employment issues, etc. Don't forget the whole picture." ("Boxed
In" 2005 pg. 108)
Throughout my research I found there is a real cry out for action on providing more affordable
house not just locally but throughout the country. There needs to be more funding available to build
more gear to income or subsidized housing and all levels of government need to take action.
Homelessness has different meanings to different people; someone who has never been homeless
might think homelessness is a person who lives on the street, in a tent or in a box. Many people
don't realize that there are a number of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of us take for granted having adequate housing, health care, food and clothing while others
are forced to do without.
There are many people that are at risk of becoming homeless and some of the risks are; people with
mental health issues, women leaving domestic violence, loss of income, addictions and death of
person who was helping to financially support them.
Families require stabilized housing that is affordable, safe and maintained. If they don't have stabile
housing they are moving more often and this can effect the children's education when being moved
from school to school. The parents are unable to focus on the other areas of their lives when they are
unable to find decent housing.
As a result of the housing boom from 2005 to 2008 this had caused prices of houses to increase
around 30% within that time and I don't think that employment incomes went up that amount. This
has caused hardship in many people's lives that have overextended themselves as well as made
themselves house poor. With house prices rising up, it has made it difficult for people to be able to
find affordable adequate housing to rent or to purchase. This has caused investment properties to
increase in price which has also affected the

Terrorism and Law Enforcement
TERRORISM AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
LAURENCE LONGACRE
AMERICAN MILITARY UNIVERSITY
CMRJ203
Abstract
We live in a new world; it is a world where there is the ever growing threat of terrorism.
As a result law enforcement has had to change the way it does things in order to respond to
the terrorist threat. How has law enforcement evolved in order to respond to the ever changing
nature of terrorism as well as maintain the same level of protecting and serving the citizens of
The United States. It is important that law enforcement continue to work on strategies and
strengthen capabilities as well as maintain working relationships with the local communities they
are sworn to serve. In order to do this law enforcement need to understand the ... Show more content
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Prior to the
events of 9/11 the Federal Bureau of Investigations focused its vast resources at combating
crimes such as drug trafficking, bank robberies, financial crimes and organized crime. But with
the focus quickly changing to terrorism this left local law enforcement more involved in fighting
these crimes some of which they were unequipped to perform. Another important factor that was
was not thought of immediately after the attacks but became a problem for local law enforcement

for the next 10 plus years was that many officers were actively serving in the Reserves or State
National Guard and would be gone on deployments often times for a year at a time and
sometimes multiple times which placed huge strains on already undermanned states.
But how is this new threat and the creation of the DHS affecting state police functions in
today 's society? Many of the new requirements placed upon local agencies have had profound
effects on state agencies.
More than half of all states agree that officers as well as investigators have had new
requirements placed upon them such as terrorism–related intelligence gathering, investigations
involving potential terrorism and emergency response. Since 9/11 law enforcement agencies
have allocated millions of dollars and hundreds of hours to resources such as border security and

Issues Of Contemporary Law Enforcement
October 09, 2014 MEMORANDUM FOR SENATOR JANE DOE FROM: KIMBERLY
EMERSON SUBJECT: Issues in Contemporary Law Enforcement Senator Doe, first off I would
like to congratulation you on your appointment to the Committee on Crime and Criminal Justice.
This memo has been created to give you background knowledge in the contemporary issues in law
enforcement in the United States. There are three levels of law enforcement, the federal level, the
state level and the local level. Each of these levels is very different and comprised of different
departments held within. The jobs they do together make up an important conglomeration, as they
are our countries first line of defense. They provide us with homeland security, investigate crimes,
arrest offenders, and also provide detention and correction supervision. They provide us with crime
prevention assistance and help to ensure the general public safety of our citizens. On the federal
level, as of today, there are 65 different federal agencies and each agency provides its own degree of
defense support depending on, its mission, what it oversees at the federal level and its jurisdiction.
Within each agency there are a range of varying departments with their own mission and
jurisdiction. Some examples of the departments on the federal level include; The Department of
Defense, Department of Commerce, Department of Education, Homeland Security, Health and
Human Services, Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Army, the

Public Health Preparedness Capabilities Planning Model
The public health sector can best survive various threats through effective planning through which
realistic goals are established. Essentially, public health preparedness and planning requires a strong
understanding of citizens' needs at all levels. The state of Michigan achieves this health requirement
though the state's Division of Emergency Preparedness & Response (DEPR) along with the
division's collaboration with tribal governments and local health departments. This report focuses on
the Public Health Preparedness Capabilities Planning Model. The report is based on the state of
Michigan in which it assesses the organizational roles and responsibilities, resource elements, and
performance. Currently, the state of Michigan ensures ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, training is offered to health practitioners to enhance their skills.
Regarding the performance towards the public health sector and health preparedness, the state
government of Michigan ensures that all hospitals in the state work towards incorporating activities
that would ensure that beds and services remain at least 20% beyond the daily capacity needs
(Michigan Department of Health & Human Services, 2016). The state government has also ensured
that life support agencies and hospitals develop, exercise, and refine plans for handling any influx of
patients, especially in times of emergency (Michigan Department of Health & Human Services,
2016). The state government of Michigan operates with a view of meeting various goals and
objectives. Nevertheless, it public health preparedness program is not the best in the country. As
such, there are gaps in its public health preparedness program compared to other states. For instance,
the state government needs to improve on the jurisdiction The constitution of the United States
considers states as the primary actors in providing public health services to the citizens (Cox, 2007).
In this regard, it implies that the state government of Michigan is responsible for protecting its
people equally by offering them with security and protection benefits. As such, the general welfare
of the citizens is a primary concern. As

Natural Disasters In Australia Essay
Australia Providing protection of life, property and the environment within the country of Australia
is the duty that lies within the scope of the states and territories of the country. Similar to the United
States, the Australian government provides a supporting role to the states and territories by evolving
their ability to manage events; as well as provide tangible assets when their own local resources are
overwhelmed. Any humanitarian aid outside of the country falls on the shoulders of the Australian
government. In partnership with the Department of Finance and Regulation, Geoscience Australia,
and the Bureau of Meteorology, Emergency Management Australia (EMA) is governed by the
Attorney– General's Department (AGD). AGD "seeks to encourage ... Show more content on
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They support a five–stage emergency management paradigm of hazard analysis, mitigation,
planning and preparedness, response, and recovery (McMullan). To guide agencies in the event of
an emergency disaster a document entitled A Framework for Major Emergency Management,
created in 2006 in an effort to bolster the countries emergency response, "sets out mechanisms for
co–ordination at all levels of major emergency management – on site, at local level and at the
regional level" (A Framework for Major Emergency Management). This document outlines the
criteria and procedures to be followed if major disaster is declared; it outlines the functions and
responsibilities between Principal Response Agencies, and defines "the command and control of
operations and inter–agency coordination arrangements" ("Ireland – Disaster Management
Structure," 2014). In the event of a declared emergency, the Government of Ireland has appointed
the An Garda Síochána (National Police Service), the Health Services Executive (health and social
services) and the local authorities (including the fire service), as the Principal Response Agencies
(PRAs) to respond to the

Homeland Police Capabilities
Capabilities After the horrific attacks of 9/11, the U.S. Government created the Department of
Homeland Security, which then created over 220 different organizations and agencies to combat
terrorism and collect intelligence. These agencies and organizations receive orders and directions
from the National Intelligence Agency, and employees over 850,000 government employees with an
approximate annual budget of $100 million. With a large annual budget and multiple employees
working domestically and with foreign policy, the intelligence function has changed dramatically
over the last decade and a half. Foreign governments have scrutinized the National Intelligence (NI)
community for monitoring foreign militaries, and their government's intentions ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Members of the ACLU have declared that the acts of terrorists are infringing citizen's rights.
However, with the FBI using undercover personnel in intelligent operations has and continues to be
very successful. For homeland security to be effective, the intelligence capability will require the
integration of all state and local law enforcement agencies throughout the entire homeland security
enterprise. These law enforcement officers are the Nation's first preventers and the eyes and ears in
the intelligence process. Homeland security intelligence is getting accurate and timely information
from are officers in our hometowns, this is so critical in preventing further attacks against America.
The public can provide valuable information to these officers when it comes to fighting and
preventing terrorism. Never less the community and law enforcement, rely heavily on each other for
information and necessary intelligence analysis. When it comes to data analysis, the officers use
intelligence–led policing (ILP) when combating terrorism. Using the ILP process allows agents to
gather precise and critical information from citizens on the actions of suspected personnel; this also
shows the community that state and local law enforcement are trying to protect

Regulation Of The United States Federal Government
Regulation The way a society functions is strictly based on the type of culture in which they reside
in. A individuals, habits, actions and personality are all shaped, by the infrastructure, rules, and
regulations that they have to abide by while residing in society. It is not to say that these policies are
a negative notion, but they do certainly shape your lifestyle, and your choices in many ways. By
taking a look at regulation it is important to note that, our government has a huge role in the lives of
its citizens it resides over. The United States Federal government has its exercise of sovereignty, in
other–words, it has legal and accepted authority to regulate people's living within a certain
geographic area that it has jurisdiction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regulation is a major activity at all levels of government. As society becomes more complex,
regulations must grow and evolved to meet the demands of a developing society. Concentrating
more on the role of regulation, it can be noted that it is a system that helps protect individuals from
one another. So from buyers to sellers; from employee to employer; tenants to landlords, and so on.
Regulations is also implemented to alleviate human suffering and promote overall welfare. For
instance, aid in the form of Social Security and to Veterans, natural disaster relief, regulation of
pollution and toxins, as well as temporary assistance for the unemployed. Last, and most
importantly regulation is implemented to minimize and eliminate corruption and abuse of power by
government agencies or officials. (Book Source) Taking into account the terms and ideologies stated
above, it is easily understood why, we as individuals have decided for so many years, to abide by
this social contract with our government. We gain the most benefit from this quid pro quo
relationship. Administrative Law and Regulatory Agencies Since we abide by this social contract, it
is important to understand how this system works for its citizens that it has jurisdiction over. By
looking from the outside in, how our government operates is illustrated by its

Community Health Meeting Analysis
I am writing a summary about the Board of Health Meeting of DuPage county health department
that conducted on November 12th, 2015 at 111 N. County Farm Rd, Wheaton, Illinois, The physical
facility /room arangment/of the conference room was not good enough like the speakers voice were
not clear, as result many points discussed were not understandable for most of the audience, the way
where the audience and board members sifted were not comfortable to audience as many audience
didn't recognize the speaker. The people related to each other and the decisions were made
efficiently
The Meeting Minutes of the Meeting:
Wheaton, Illinois November 12, 2015 Board Members Present: President Linda A. Kurzawa, Dr.
Lanny F. Wilson, Scott J. Cross. Paul ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, DuPage county government provides services that making the county a nice place to
raise family, to work, or to live, and also help to maintain good quality of life to residents. In
addition, DuPage County Government impacts all 926,000 residents in the county and provides
essential service that includes funding and monitoring and supervision for the health department,
The County is also the pass–through and oversight agency for over $100 million in annual state and
federal grants that fund programs such as Community Development Block Grant programs and
public safety. more than two– thirds of US counties have a county commission form of government.
These commissions carry out both legislative and executive bran, although they share administrative
authority with other local elected officials such as county clerks, assessors, treasures, sheriffs,
prosecuting attorneys and coroners. In the more popular county, there is a county administrator
accountable to elected commissioners or an elected county

Community Policing and Problem Solving
Community Policing and Problem Solving Policing
John K. Forrest II
CJS/210
August 15, 2010
Travis Coldwell
Community Policing and Problem Solving Policing When police departments and crime rates of the
past are examined there are some apologist who believe that America would be in a better law
enforcement situation provide the policies of the past we put back into use. With the public
becoming more technologically advanced and criminal's awareness of prosecution avoidance,
community policing is the best solution for the modern community. The introduction of the different
models of community policing and the problem solving policing tactics employed will be covered in
this essay as well as the changing needs of communities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Federal Government monitors through a program named COMPASS a variety of crime statistics
and crime rates that reflect the effectiveness of policies begun after the distribution of funding for
1994's crime bill. One interesting function of this COMPASS program is the ability of people in
local communities to track the release dates and the locations of recently released prisoners and for
law enforcement to preventatively intercede in the elimination of temptations by using problem
solving techniques to keep these previously incarcerated out of jail and productive citizens. (Reentry
Policy Council, N.D.) Overall the Federal Governments intercession in local policy funding
stimulated action and cooperation by local and Federal agencies beyond what was previously
established. While unbiased examination yields numerous effective techniques it is obvious that the
most effective policing technique is the hybrid of both community based policing divisions that
heavily use preemptive problem solving techniques. Dedicating an entire police department to a
singular train of thought is not helpful to the local community because of the varying need of a city
or county's citizens. This hybrid allows police department to best change techniques based on
community section and lets these sections get what is most needed and not what is most

National Response Framework Essay
National Response Framework The National Response Framework addressed the problems in the
National Response Plan and was developed as a framework instead of a plan. It provides policy and
guiding principles for a unified response from all levels of government, all sectors of communities,
to all types of hazards regardless of their origin (Lindsay, 2008). It is not an operational plan, it is a
framework that permits for flexibility that allows responders how to choose to respond to an
incident. One benefit of the NRF is that DHS keeps the document "live" which means it is
constantly being updated as new methods or disaster responses are acted on. No two disasters are
the same or provide the exact same damage so it is important that it constantly ... Show more
They are the eyes and ears in the areas, know their communities, know what natural threats face
them, and they generally have a specific plan in place for all disasters that can occur in their areas.
The federal government has tried to take first responders to the next level to ensure they are safe, as
well as members of the community. The number of first responders who died on 9/11 was tragic and
an event that no one wanted to see repeated. With the assistance, guidance and funding from the
federal government, local government and responders are tasked to create community emergency
operation plans (EOP). These plans outline the responsibilities of responders and detail a number of
objectives if they fall victim to a terrorist attack. In addition, FEMA provides training for first
responders which will help teams learn how to prepare for, protect against, respond to, and recover
from all types of disasters. This can include active shooter training, natural disaster training, terrorist
attacks, how to ensure continuous operations, and how to become a training. Having these tools is
extremely important and vital for all agencies from the local to the federal

Department Of Information Technology Strategy
2011 – 2014 City of Henderson Department of Information Technology Information Technology
Strategy Message from Christopher P Wilding Chief Information Officer It is with great pleasure
that we present to you the City of Henderson's 2011 – 2014 Information Technology (IT) Strategy.
This strategy lays out the future vision for technology in Henderson government . . . enabling and
empowering our City workforce, as well as expanding government accessibility for our citizens and
businesses citywide. It is intended to guide us to the vision that we seek – to be America's premier
community. In 2010, the City of Henderson adopted a new strategic plan after many months of
collaboration across all departments in the City. The City strategic plan ... Show more content on
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We have high hopes and expectations for our department and our City in the next three years, and
this IT Strategy affirms our long–term commitment to making Henderson a premier "Place to Call
Home." Christopher P Wilding Chief Information Officer City of Henderson Department of
Information Technology IT Strategic Plan Page 1 of 23 Contents Message from Christopher P
Wilding ........................................................................................................................ 3 Chief
Information Officer
.......................................................................................................................................... 3 City Vision
and Mission
............................................................................................................................................. 2 Vision
.................................................................................................................................................................
2 Goals
..................................................................................................................................................................
2 Values
................................................................................................................................................................
2 Mission

The Importance Of Legal Authority In The Public Government
health most often publicize health policies (65.4%); advise elected officials on health concerns and
policies (50%); develop state public health policies (38.5%); and develop legislative public health
agendas (32.1%) (NACCHO, 2014). These aforementioned council and board members are usually
gubernatorial appointees and include public health professionals, business professionals, educators,
citizens, and consumers
Legal Authority
Governmental public health agencies at the local, state, and federal levels are often referred to as the
backbone of the public health system. Public health agencies, such as local boards of health and
LHDs, play a significant role in the governmental infrastructure of our public health system and are
classified as the administrative bodies (CDC, 2008). While these aforementioned agencies are
directly responsible for many public health activities and initiatives that vary from state to state, it is
imperative that transparent partnerships are formed between all of the public health agencies at the
different levels of government and also with public health organizations, both in the private and
public sectors (CDC, 2008). To construct a more comprehensive approach to addressing public
health issues, it is important for governmental public health agencies to collaborate with other
entities whose mission influence but are not focused on health related goals. Legislators approve the
state public health budget, establish taxes in support of public health, determine fees for health
services and, pass public health laws and regulations. Thus, state public health agencies tend to be
strongly influenced by their elected officials.
Oversight of a Health Department
Local Board of Health assume responsibility for public health performance in the community by
providing necessary guidance and leadership to support the public health agency in achieving
measurable outcomes. The CDC has identified the top 10 responsibilities of local boards of health,
they are as followed: 1. Review public health regulations. 2. Recommend public health policies; 3.
Recommend community public health priorities; 4. Recommend health department priorities; 5.
Propose public health regulations; 6. Collaborate with

Terrorism Training : White, Department Of Criminal...
Terrorism Training
Bronze R. Green
Faulkner State Community College
Authors Note
Bronze R. Green, Department of Criminal Justice, Faulkner State Community College.
Bronze R. Green is still at Department of Criminal Justice, Faulkner State Community College.
Correspondence concerning this article should e addressed to Bronze R. Green, Department of
Criminal Justice, Faulkner State Community College, Bay Minette, AL 36507.
Contact: bronze.green@yahoo.com Abstract
This paper explores various published articles that report on results from research conducted on
online and offline relationships and their relationship to terrorism training. Many aspects of terror
threats have changed largely due to technology and cyberspace. New developments ... Show more
Recognizing the threat Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups posed provided homeland security with
the basis which is now important to state and local law enforcement agencies (Sheehan, Michael,
2011). After nearly a decade after the September eleventh, more than twenty terrorist related plots
were uncovered by the federal government. As the war against terrorism continues, it has cost
America the lives of more than six thousand service members and nearly 1.5 trillion dollars
(Ortmeier, P, 2009).
The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) defines terrorism as "unlawful use of force against
persons or property to intimidate a government, civilian, or anything else, for social, religious, or
social objectives (Ortmeier, P, 2009). There are various forms of terrorism. The FBI (Federal Bureau
of Investigation) divided terrorism into three separate categories. Foreign sponsors, organized
terrorist groups, and loosely affiliated international radical extremists. Terrorism does not always
involve guns or bombs. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) divides terrorist threats into three
categories – Foreign sponsors of international terrorism, formalized terrorist groups, and loosely
affiliated international radical extremists (Sheehan, Michael, 2011).
The first category is foreign sponsors of international terrorism (Ortmeier, P, 2009). There are seven
countries tied to terrorism as sponsors – Iraq, Cuba, Libya, North Korea, Iran, Syria, and Sudan

National Incident Management System (NIMS)
After September 11, 2001, the Department of Homeland of Security was formed in response to the
terrorist attacks. Out of the birth of the agencies formed, the National Incident Management System
(NIMS) was created to allow clear allocation of resources and a systematic approach to emergency
management. The system can be effective in many responses where many levels of government and
response are imminent to respond to the disaster. Many of these agencies are emergency
management, police, fire, health, and EMS from all levels of government. NIMS can be used on any
type of incident and of any size or scope in nature. In Smith County, an E–4 tornado touched down
in Stadtown leveling many of the homes and the shopping mall (Walsh, D.W., et al, 2012).
Command was established by the local on the scene within minutes of touchdown. Given the impact
of a potential of 900 residents in the area, there could be multiple levels of response needed to
respond to and recover from this incident. Given that the response could include many agencies
from many levels of government and specialties, the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
would be instituted. The NIMS allows local, state, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of these agencies and disciplines can include law enforcement, fire, ems, health department,
local emergency management agency, local citizen corps responders, county coroner, and Voluntary
Agencies Active in Disaster (VOAD) such as the American Red Cross to begin the response and
recovery processes. The legislative branch such as the county seat would most likely be involved to
make decisions for the community. Other support agencies could include road departments, county
engineers, and fiscal officers. The NIMS would allow for these agencies to be able to understand
and communicate with the

Explain in detail the responsibilities of the different...
M1 – Explain in detail the responsibilities of the different levels of government in the UK The
central government is responsible for the health and safety of people, they provide health and safety
by maintaining and improving the quality of the environment. The government also has the power to
make laws for the entire country, in contrast with local governments. However, the Prime Minister
(David Cameron) is head of the UK government so he's responsible for all of the policy and
decisions he makes. The central government has the responsibility to create laws unlike other levels
of government; this is because if all levels were able to do the same then it would cause great
confusion to citizens. One of the central governments is the ... Show more content on
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The devolved parliaments are able to maintain their responsibilities because they have been
decentralised. The regional governments are responsible for the formulation of planning policy.
They form an important and essential interface between policies at the national and local level. They
regional government also focus on key issues of the region, set priorities and the core policies that
form the basis of their regional space strategy. Local

Police Enforcement And Security Enforcement
Local law enforcement and also intelligence agencies utilize what is currently known as community
policing as a tactic to acquire information. Intelligence led policing can be useful in many ways but
one of the main ways it is utilized and is useful is when we try to fight against terrorism and
dangerous events that might affect our community.
A lot of community policing relays on the information that law enforcement officers aquiver from
the community that they are trying to investigate. It is because of this that and intelligence agent is
required to look at the information that is acquired. This officers main purpose is to identify pieces
of information that might be valuable to us and our safety. This is a method of intelligence for local
authorities.
For state level investigations and agencies we currently have what is known as the fusion centers
which basically is a center point where all local and also state agencies such as the local police and
also the state departments put their information, analysis their information and also gather all
information on a particular threat. Fusion centers are normally used by law enforcement, public
safety agencies, fire services and also emergency response teams.
Intelligence place a critical role for our homeland security. It is because intelligence is so critical
that we have designed fusion centers that allows all types of agencies to share information with each
other to gather information and properly analysis all the

The Role Of State Departments Of Education
The United States was built on sense of responsibility that was to be divulged to the entities that
could recognize the voices of smaller people and not give too much power to the central
government. The states are given the right to education to structure it as they please and fund it. It
costs money to operate schools. Teachers need to be paid, buildings need to be maintained and
supplies need to be bought. Some schools are funded significantly more than others and it because
the funding distributed to the schools are based off of local property taxes everywhere except
Hawaii. This means that wealthier communities can have better funded and prepared school systems
because they have a higher tax base per pupil than the poor districts that have far fewer funds than
them. In order to remedy this states have been trying to finance more of the cost of running schools
from state revenues. In 970. States funded as much as 10% of the schools running but since 2000 the
lowest contribution has been 20%.
The roles of state departments of education have been doled out to the state legislatures ' for as
having the responsibility to provide an adequate educational system. They function to interpret and
facilitate the development of the education needed with respect to the states standards and also to
observe the effects of the standards that are implemented in the classrooms and the ways that they
are implemented. The departments observe the school operating school districts and

The Pros And Cons Of Terrorism
Terrorism has had a negative effect on the world. In the United States the role of terrorism is steadily
a growing, creating new issues and situations which the United States government must battle. The
department of Home land security has an active and significant role on ensuring the security and
safety of the United States of America. Acts of terrorism differs in every region, what one might
consider terrorism the other might not. Terrorism comes in several forms such as domestic,
international, bioterrorism and cyber terrorism. Every law enforcement agencies has a different
approach to terrorism. Strategies for battling terrorism in multicultural communities are different
compared to communities inhabited by a less diversified group. According to the united States
Department of Defense ,Terrorism is defined as a calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of
unlawful violence to inculcate fear to either coerce or intimated governments in the pursuit of goals
which could be either political, religious, or ideological. The National Consortium for the Study of
Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) which is a department within Homeland Security
documents and creates statistic showing the amount of terrorist attacks, types of crimes committed
during the attack, casualties and fatalities. There are four types of terrorism which can occur,
domestic, international, bioterrorism and cyber terrorism. The most publicized form expressed
through the media is

Federal Income Tax, State Tax And Property Tax
The concept behind federal income tax, state tax, and property tax is........
The ratification of the sixteenth amendment to the constitution established the federal income tax.
The federal income tax is a tax the United States government collects on the wages and income an
individual may earn in a year. Each year federal income taxes are collected from millions of
Americans based on a progressive taxing formula. The progressive structure of the formula is
designed to ensure that each individual no matter their income, pays what is considered a fair
taxation rate. If an individual earns more, more taxes are levied against the earned wages and
income.
States tax their citizens in a similar fashion as the federal government. However, the income tax
rates or percentages at the state level are much lower. States also employ a tax that the federal
government does not have. This tax is called a sales tax. The tax on goods and services such as
clothing, automobiles and dining in at a restaurant is regressive. No matter what the income of an
individual, the tax remains the same, unlike a progressive system. There are many states that do not
have an income tax. These states get a large proportion of their revenue from sales taxes. States such
as California, New York, and Massachusetts, have some of the highest state income tax and sales
taxes in the United States. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A county in Texas cannot tax a property in Nevada. The federal government does not levy property
taxes, some states do, and all local counties and municipalities do. Homes, land, and buildings are
considered property. Not every individual owns property so not everyone pays property

Causes Of Motor Vehicle Accidents
The Complex Role Introduction In the U. S., injuries that are related to motor vehicle accidents are
responsible for the death of more kids and young adults than any additional one cause alone (The
Community Guide, 2014). Additionally, automobile collision is the major reason for death due to
injury for individuals of every age (The Community Guide, 2014). Roughly 33,000 individuals lost
their lives from being in an automobile accident in 2010 (The Community Guide, 2014). This equals
to 90 individuals every day. Also, a million other received injuries from motor vehicle accidents that
were not deadly, according to the Community Guide (2014). Each year the expenses associated with
motor vehicle accidents is over 99 billion dollars in lost of production and medical expenses (The
Community Guide, 2014). The federal, state, and local government all play a role in the prevention
of motor vehicle accidents. Federal On October 15, 1966, the Department of Transportation was
enacted by Congress (U. S. Depart of Transportation ([DOT], 2015). It was on the first of April in
1967 that the DOT began its first day of officially being in operation (DOT, 2015). According to the
DOT, there mission is to provide service to America by making sure there is a fast, safe, efficient,
accessible and convenient system of transportation which meet the standard for the interests of the
nation that are vital as well as enhancing the quality of life for individuals in America presently and
in the

Promise Zone Policy Analysis
1. Introduction
The Promise zone initiative is designed to redevelop high poverty dominated areas through
inclusive, evidence– based strategies and helping local leaders take the helm of federal funding. Due
to disinvestment and poor policy implementation that isolated poor, have contributed to areas of
concentrated poverty all over the country. The Promise Zones initiative will revitalize high poverty
communities across the country by attracting private investment, providing affordable housing,
creating educational opportunities, providing tax incentives for hiring workers and reducing violent
crime, and supporting local leaders in navigating federal programs. The economic nature of this
policy is allocation of services and redistributing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through this way, the policy aims at creating jobs for all citizens
The partnership of federal government with local government creates a pathway to encourage on
ground technical assistance, federal grants and regulations. Promise Zone designees will receive
funds through federal competitive grant competitions, which will increase their access to
opportunities. Promise Zone designees will also receive, if enacted by Congress, employer tax
incentives to create jobs for Zone residents and attract private capital. This is an effort to regenerate
weak communities.
To assist with the execution of the program administrative offices like Department of Education,
Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Agriculture and Department of
Justice are involved. The purpose o federal agencies working along with Promise Zone communities
is to reduce red tapism and have zero level of bureaucratic corruption. This will allow peer exchange
and technical assistance as the program goes ahead at various phases. The first five Promise Zones
were Philadelphia, San Antonio, Los Angeles, Southeastern Kentucky, and

Risk Reduction Plan For A Residential Building
RISK REDUCTION PLAN 1
RISK REDUCTION PLAN 2
Risk Reduction Plan
In a community risk reduction plan I would choose improper heating of a residential structure as my
fire related topic. I would ask the following groups for their assistance in implementing a plan of
community risk reduction from the following stakeholders and partners.
Stakeholders
local government officials homeowner associations the American Red Cross housing authorities
commercial property owners, apartment complex owners utilities; gas, water and electric company
Partners
local hardware stores
Underwriter Laboratories
National Fire Protection Agency other area fire departments
Hospital Burn Center
United Fire
In a community risk reduction plan for a non–fire incident I would choose drowning as a result of
negligent supervision.
Stakeholders
homeowner associations local fencing companies local pool companies the water company
commercial property owners, apartment complex owners local government officials
Partners
local hardware stores area hospitals local media area school districts other area fire departments the
American Red Cross
To establish a distinction between a stakeholder and a partner I have gathered three references from
various websites to establish an identity for each.
A stakeholder: ?A stakeholder is a person such as an employee, customer, or citizen who is involved
with an organization, society, etc. and therefore has responsibilities towards it and an interest in its
success? (Cambridge

Function Of Local Government
Local government is an important topic to educate the young minds of today. This paper will outline
the development, structure, and function of not only North Carolina government, but also that of the
United States. These concepts will be analyzed to apply to teaching methods appropriate to an
elementary age group. This paper, therefore, will address the essential standard of "Understand the
development, structure, and function of local government". And clarifying objectives of
summarizing the historical development of local governments, describe the structure of local
government and how it functions to serve citizens, understand the three branches of government,
with an emphasis on local government. The Local Government Act of 1989 tells of the official roles
of local government of a community. This act states the elected councils have the right to the powers
that are considered to ensure peace, order and good government of each municipal district. This act
gives local government a vast range of power. An important concept mentioned in the statement
above is that only elected councils have the right to show power within a community. This same act
states that "It is necessary to ensure that the Councilors who comprise each Council are
democratically elected by persons entitled to vote at municipal elections and that the council is
responsible and accountable to the local community." This statement shows the overall role of local
government in a community. The role of local

Federal, State, And Local Roles Of Emergency Management

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