Fatty liver is the fastest growing epidemic in the world now. There is no known drug available to treat. Ayurveda medicines can reverse liver damage and help cure fatty liver in the early stages.
best ayurvedic gall bladder treatment in pune ,we offer excellent results in gb stone cases kindly contact details .....
dr.phalles ayusanjivani speciality clinic and panchakarma centre
1st floor opposite radisson blu hotel,bypass road kharadi pune
contact :9011609371 (whats up )
www.ayusanjivani.com
Panchkarma Treatment PPT.
Pancha means FIVE
Karma means actions or procedures
Treatments in Ayurveda are classified into two groups:
Shamana Chikitsa (Pacification therapy)
Shodhana Chikitsa (Purification therapy)
Pancha Karma is classified as “Shodhana Chikitsa”
(purification/detoxification procedure)
best ayurvedic gall bladder treatment in pune ,we offer excellent results in gb stone cases kindly contact details .....
dr.phalles ayusanjivani speciality clinic and panchakarma centre
1st floor opposite radisson blu hotel,bypass road kharadi pune
contact :9011609371 (whats up )
www.ayusanjivani.com
Panchkarma Treatment PPT.
Pancha means FIVE
Karma means actions or procedures
Treatments in Ayurveda are classified into two groups:
Shamana Chikitsa (Pacification therapy)
Shodhana Chikitsa (Purification therapy)
Pancha Karma is classified as “Shodhana Chikitsa”
(purification/detoxification procedure)
Role of Panchakarma in the management of
Hypothyroidism
Dr. Suraj Kumbar,1 Dr. Lohith BA,2 Dr. Ashvinikumar M,3 Dr. Amritha R,4 Dr. Shameem Banu5
1,5Post Graduate Scholar, 2Professor, 3Professor & HOD, 4Assistant Professor, Department of Panchakarma, Sri
Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, INDIA.
A B S T R A C T
We are in technical era where there is more of sedentary life style and stress along with this
urbanization is affecting our quality of food and health. This is leading to many lifestyle disorders and
hormonal imbalances in our body. Hypothyroidism one among the endocrinal disorder. Thyroid is an
endocrinal gland secrets T3 and T4 hormones regulated by TSH which is secreted by Pituitary gland.
These hormones have two major effects on the body, 1) To increase the overall metabolic rate in the
body 2) To stimulate growth in children. Hypothyroidism is common health issue in India. The highest
prevalence of hypothyroidism (13.1%) is noted in people aged 46-54yrs old. With people aged 18-35
yrs being less affected (7.5%). To prevent these hazards Panchakarma is beneficiary to maintain
metabolic rate. Here an attempt is made to diagnose hypothyroidism in the light of Ayurveda and
management guidelines through Panchakarma.
The Avabahuka disease is nearer to Frozen shoulder of musculoskeletal disorders.
Avabahuka is a Vata vikar as per Ayurveda that affects the ansha sandhi i.e. shoulder joint. The description available in Charak samhita, Sushruta samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya etc. The pain, stiffness, and decreased ROM range of motion is a classical feature of a frozen shoulder.
The treatment of frozen shoulder is possible in Ayurveda through drugs and various treatment modalities depending on the stages of the case.
Kati Basti is very good even if you are not suffering from backache. It strengthens the back and increases flexibility & longevity of the spine. Visit Chithrakoota Ayurveda today and get all the benefits of this Ancient Ayurvedic therapy.
Virechan – Panchakarma
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Introduction of Virechan 2) Causes of Pitta Vitiation 3) Pitta & Rakta –Relation ( Ashraya –Ashrayi) 4) Virechan –Indications 5) Virechan – Contraindications 6) Virechan –Benefits 7) Pre Treatment of Virechan ( Purva Karma) 8) Symptoms of Optimal Snehan or Oiling 9) Virechan – Main Procedure ( Pradhan Karma) 10) Advice after Virechan 11) Post Regimen after Virechan 12) Sansarjankram ( Specific Diet Advice) 13) Symptoms of Proper Virechan ( Samyak) 14) Symptoms of Less Virechan ( Ayog) 15) Symptoms of Excess Virechan ( Ati yog) 16) Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics of Virechan Dravyas 17) Types of Virechan 18) Drug Formulations 19) Virechan in Clinical Practice Worms Burn wounds Acne Vulgaris ,Urticaria 20) Case study
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Gridhrasi is defined as Stambha (stiffness), Ruk (pain), Toda (pricking pain) in a radiating manner along with Spandana (tingling sensation) starting from Kati Pradesha (low back) to Prushtha (back), Janu (knee joints), Jangha (calf muscles) and Pada (dorso lateral aspect of feet) of either one side of the lower limb or may involve both lower limbs. This condition makes raising of the affected leg difficult.
Liver failure is a life-threatening condition that demands urgent medical care.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute and chronic liver failure and as such causes significant morbidity and mortality.
this is a brief study on liver failure and associated liver conditions and stages of conditions ,
please comment
thank you ........
martinsuja369@gmail.com
Steatohepatitis is a type of fatty liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in the liver.
Mere deposition of fat in the liver is termed steatosis, and together these constitute fatty liver changes.
The word is from steato-, meaning "fat“ and hepatitis, meaning "inflammation of the liver".
Role of Panchakarma in the management of
Hypothyroidism
Dr. Suraj Kumbar,1 Dr. Lohith BA,2 Dr. Ashvinikumar M,3 Dr. Amritha R,4 Dr. Shameem Banu5
1,5Post Graduate Scholar, 2Professor, 3Professor & HOD, 4Assistant Professor, Department of Panchakarma, Sri
Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, INDIA.
A B S T R A C T
We are in technical era where there is more of sedentary life style and stress along with this
urbanization is affecting our quality of food and health. This is leading to many lifestyle disorders and
hormonal imbalances in our body. Hypothyroidism one among the endocrinal disorder. Thyroid is an
endocrinal gland secrets T3 and T4 hormones regulated by TSH which is secreted by Pituitary gland.
These hormones have two major effects on the body, 1) To increase the overall metabolic rate in the
body 2) To stimulate growth in children. Hypothyroidism is common health issue in India. The highest
prevalence of hypothyroidism (13.1%) is noted in people aged 46-54yrs old. With people aged 18-35
yrs being less affected (7.5%). To prevent these hazards Panchakarma is beneficiary to maintain
metabolic rate. Here an attempt is made to diagnose hypothyroidism in the light of Ayurveda and
management guidelines through Panchakarma.
The Avabahuka disease is nearer to Frozen shoulder of musculoskeletal disorders.
Avabahuka is a Vata vikar as per Ayurveda that affects the ansha sandhi i.e. shoulder joint. The description available in Charak samhita, Sushruta samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya etc. The pain, stiffness, and decreased ROM range of motion is a classical feature of a frozen shoulder.
The treatment of frozen shoulder is possible in Ayurveda through drugs and various treatment modalities depending on the stages of the case.
Kati Basti is very good even if you are not suffering from backache. It strengthens the back and increases flexibility & longevity of the spine. Visit Chithrakoota Ayurveda today and get all the benefits of this Ancient Ayurvedic therapy.
Virechan – Panchakarma
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Introduction of Virechan 2) Causes of Pitta Vitiation 3) Pitta & Rakta –Relation ( Ashraya –Ashrayi) 4) Virechan –Indications 5) Virechan – Contraindications 6) Virechan –Benefits 7) Pre Treatment of Virechan ( Purva Karma) 8) Symptoms of Optimal Snehan or Oiling 9) Virechan – Main Procedure ( Pradhan Karma) 10) Advice after Virechan 11) Post Regimen after Virechan 12) Sansarjankram ( Specific Diet Advice) 13) Symptoms of Proper Virechan ( Samyak) 14) Symptoms of Less Virechan ( Ayog) 15) Symptoms of Excess Virechan ( Ati yog) 16) Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics of Virechan Dravyas 17) Types of Virechan 18) Drug Formulations 19) Virechan in Clinical Practice Worms Burn wounds Acne Vulgaris ,Urticaria 20) Case study
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Gridhrasi is defined as Stambha (stiffness), Ruk (pain), Toda (pricking pain) in a radiating manner along with Spandana (tingling sensation) starting from Kati Pradesha (low back) to Prushtha (back), Janu (knee joints), Jangha (calf muscles) and Pada (dorso lateral aspect of feet) of either one side of the lower limb or may involve both lower limbs. This condition makes raising of the affected leg difficult.
Liver failure is a life-threatening condition that demands urgent medical care.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute and chronic liver failure and as such causes significant morbidity and mortality.
this is a brief study on liver failure and associated liver conditions and stages of conditions ,
please comment
thank you ........
martinsuja369@gmail.com
Steatohepatitis is a type of fatty liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in the liver.
Mere deposition of fat in the liver is termed steatosis, and together these constitute fatty liver changes.
The word is from steato-, meaning "fat“ and hepatitis, meaning "inflammation of the liver".
Like diabetes, Fatty liver disease is also considered a Silent Killer disease because people don’t feel any symptoms in the initial stage of fatty liver disease.
It slowly comes into your body and causes chronic liver disease.
The severity of the fatty liver disease depends on fatty liver grades. Your liver condition will become more vulnerable if fatty liver grades get increase.
Fatty liver disease is a metabolic disease where fat gets stored in your hepatocytes or liver cells that, cause inflammation.
There are two main types of fatty liver disease – alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Fatty liver disease is generally graded based on the amount of fat stored and the degree of liver damage. This is called Fatty Liver Grades.
Simply, this fatty liver grade represents stages of fatty liver. There are four grades of fatty liver – Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3 and Grade 4.
Fatty liver disease is a silent disease; it comes with no signs or symptoms.
NAFLD (non-inflammatory or Grade 1 fatty liver) is asymptomatic, meaning you don’t feel any symptoms.
Still, you may have fatigue, thirst, anxiety, upper abdominal pain, bloating or discomfort, etc. These are the most common symptoms of NAFLD.
As the disease progresses, symptoms start appearing, usually in advance grading of fatty liver disease such as NASH (inflammatory fatty liver)
If left untreated, you may have a more severe liver condition that gets more complicated.
Although the exact cause of fatty liver is still unclear, but there are certain possible reasons to cause fatty liver.
A bad lifestyle is the most significant risk factor for developing NAFLD (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease).
The good news is that you can reverse your fatty liver disease and even cure it.
If you get diagnosed early, it can be treated because some fatty liver grades are reversible, such as grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3.
But if you get liver cirrhosis or grade 4 fatty liver, that is irreversible. At this stage, your liver cells cannot reduce fat and can’t return to a healthy liver.
This post will discuss fatty liver grades, types, causes, pathology, symptoms, complications, diagnostic tests and treatment.
One of the common liver problems, fatty liver is a condition in which the liver cells are accumulated with fats. Though, not life-threatening, in some cases, it can lead to complications that can be mild to severe.
Understanding NAFLD: Causes, Risk Factors, and Symptoms- Dr. Vikrant KaleDr. Kale's Gastro Clinic
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious condition that can lead to liver damage and failure. Learn about the causes, risk factors, and symptoms of NAFLD, as well as how to prevent it, from Dr. Vikrant Kale.
Comprehensive Guide to Cirrhosis of the Liver: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatmen...Thumbayfujairah
Learn about cirrhosis of the liver, its symptoms, causes, and treatment options at Thumbay Hospital Fujairah. Our expert insights help you understand this condition and find the care you need. Visit us to discover more about cirrhosis liver management.
What is liver Cirrhosis?
Liver cirrhosis is a devastating condition affecting thousands of people every year. It is a condition that results from chronic alcohol consumption and has many other reasons behind it. Liver cirrhosis is an end-stage liver disease characterized by the deep scarring of the liver tissue. In this condition, the healthy liver tissue is replaced with damaged tissue leaving a permanent scar in the liver. The damaged liver tissue may keep your liver from functioning properly.
Also, various liver diseases and conditions injure the healthy liver cells and result in hepatocyte cell death and inflammation. This is followed by cell repair and, finally, tissue scarring due to the repair process.
The damaged/scarred tissue inhibits the blood flow towards the liver. It hampers its ability to digest and process the various nutrients, medications, hormones, and natural toxins (poisons) that we consume in our day to day life. The liver also plays a vital role in producing proteins and other substances, which may be hampered due to liver disease like liver cirrhosis. Liver Cirrhosis treatment, when not undertaken at the right time, can become a life-threatening disorder.
Liver Cirrhosis is one of the deadliest complications, which is caused by liver diseases. Irreversible scarring and loss of liver cells are involved in Liver Cirrhosis. The major causes of Liver Cirrhosis are consumption of alcohol and Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C as well. There can be other causes and diseases which may lead to cirrhosis of the liver.
Liver Cirrhosis
Symptoms Of Liver Cirrhosis
People in the initial stages may go through a feeling of weakness, and there might be a sudden loss in weight without any particular reason. In the later stages, the patients may have jaundice. The following are the symptoms that a person suffering from Liver Cirrhosis may have in different parts of the body:
Abdomen: There may be severe pain in the abdomen region, and veins around the belly button may get enlarged.
Gastrointestinal: There may be bleeding occurrences, and fluids may start to accumulate in the abdomen. There can be an excessive formation of gas. The Excretion of dark stool is also a visible symptom.
Skin: Skin may turn yellow along with swelling of blood vessels that can be visible through the skin.
Mind: It not only affects the body but the mind as well; you may go through nausea and may feel a sense of confusion all the time.
Whole Body: You may gain or lose weight unintentionally without doing anything about it. There can be breast enlargement, dark urine, breathlessness, itching, vomiting of blood, etc
Other Services
Endoscopy
Colonoscopy
ERCP
Sigmoidoscopy
Pancreatic Disease
Liver Cirrhosis Treatment in Chandigarh
How can I prevent cirrhosis of the liver?
Liver cirrhosis treatment involves many lifestyle and dietary modifications which needs to be followed along with the medical treatment. Some of the lifestyle modifications for liver cirrhosis treat
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
4. LIVER DISEASES
Liver disease is a general term that refers to any condition affecting your liver.
These conditions may develop for different reasons, but they can all damage
your liver and affect its function.
4 stages of liver disease:
1. Inflammation
2. Fibrosis
3. Cirrhosis
4. Liver failure
5.
6.
7. NAFLD - TYPES
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has two types:
❖ Simple fatty liver: This is the more common type, which entails presence of fat
in the liver without any inflammation or cell damage. It doesn’t normally get
worse and turn into a serious condition.
❖ Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH: Afflicting nearly one-fifth of those
having NAFLD, NASH signifies inflammation of the liver and is a much more
serious condition than a simple fatty liver. The cell damage and inflammation
can even lead to scarring of the liver including fibrosis and cirrhosis and even
liver cancer.
8.
9.
10. Other risk factors for NAFLD or NASH include:
● The elderly are more prone.
● If you have polycystic ovary syndrome.
● If you have sleep apnea.
● If you have hypothyroidism.
● If you have hypopituitarism (underactive pituitary gland).
● Malnourishment.
● Sudden weight loss.
● Exposure to certain toxins or chemicals.
Having metabolic syndrome which makes one more prone to
diabetes and heart disease.
11.
12.
13. The liver’s job is to break
down alcohol. If you drink
more than it can process, it
can become badly
damaged.
The effects of alcohol on the
liver depend on how much
and how long you have been
drinking.
14. What are the problems precipitated by ALD?
While alcoholic fatty liver disease is preventable and generally gets better once
you kick the bottle, it can also cause complex conditions like:
● Enlarged liver: This might cause pain or discomfort in the right upper side of
the tummy, However, it may not show any symptoms at all.
● Alcoholic hepatitis: This is an inflammatory condition of the liver which may
cause nausea and vomiting, fever, tummy ache and jaundice.
● Alcoholic cirrhosis: This is a serious condition, involving scar tissue buildup in
the liver. Besides similar symptoms like hepatitis, cirrhosis can also lead to
ascites or massive fluid buildup in the tummy, elevated blood pressure in the
liver, bleeding, enlarged spleen, confusion, and even liver failure. Alcoholic
hepatitis can over time turn into alcoholic cirrhosis.
16. What are the symptoms of alcoholic liver disease?
Fatty liver:
Often causes no symptoms
Build-up of fat inside the liver cells
enlarges the liver, causing upper
abdominal (belly) discomfort on the
right side
Tiredness and weakness
Weight loss
Alcoholic hepatitis:
Pain over the liver
Fever
Weakness
Nausea and vomiting
Appetite loss
Yellowing of the skin and eyes
(jaundice
Alcoholic cirrhosis:
Portal hypertension (increased resistance
to blood flow through the liver)
Enlarged spleen
Poor nutrition
Bleeding in the intestines
Ascites (fluid build-up in the belly)
Kidney failure
Confusion
Liver cancer
The effects of alcohol on the liver depend on how much and how long you have been drinking
alcohol. These are the most common symptoms and signs:
17. What are the complications of alcoholic liver disease?
About 30% of people with alcoholic liver disease have hepatitis C virus.
Others have hepatitis B virus.
People with alcoholic liver disease are also at greater risk for liver cancer.
About 50% have gallstones.
Those with cirrhosis often develop kidney problems, intestinal bleeding, fluid in the
belly, confusion, liver cancer, and severe infections.
18.
19.
20.
21. Treatment - NAFLD
● Lifestyle modifications.
● If you are overweight or have obesity, losing weight by making healthy food
choices, limiting portion sizes, and being physically active can improve
NAFLD—either NAFL or NASH. Losing at least 3% to 5% of your body weight
can reduce fat in the liver.
● Use dietary supplements like Vitamins.
● Comorbidities like Insulin resistance, Type II DM, Dyslipidemia has to be
treated.
● No medicines have been approved to treat NAFLD—either NAFL or NASH.
22. TREATMENT - ALD
The most important part of treatment is to completely stop drinking alcohol.
Sometimes diet changes are advised, too.
Vitamin - E supplements.
The liver is often able to repair some of the damage caused by alcohol so that you
can live a normal life. In some cases, liver transplant may be considered. But you
must complete a rehab program and go through alcohol detox before this is even
an option.
23. AYURVEDA approach to fatty liver.
Considering the basic concepts of Ayurveda, it may be related to Dhatwagni vikara
which may arise from santarpanotha or apatarpanotha nidana.
FLDs are caused by an imbalance between Kapha and pitta dosha or elevated
Kapha dosha in pitta-dominant regions.
Other correlations - Raktavahasrotomoola medavridhi. Pittasthane kaphameda
vriddhi, pittasthane dhatwagni dushti, pitta stane medasanchaya.
Increased synthesis of fatty acids to liver - Dhatwagni vridhi.
Fat from Medasthana to liver - Ashayapakarsha
Fibrosis and cirrhosis - Dhatupaka
24. Samprapti
The Ranjaka pitta, which turns Apya Rasa Dhatu into Rakta Dhatu, is based in Yakrit.
It is also associated to Raktavahi and Mamsavahi Dhamani and is the Mulasthana of
Raktavahasrotas. Yakrit is a significant Koshthanga that is closely linked to the Rasa, Rakta, and
Mamsa Dhatus and plays a significant part in the Dhatu Parinama.
Agnivikruti causes the creation of Apakva Anna Rasa, which causes the vitiation of Kaphadosha
and uneven formation and deposit of Medas in Yakrit.
Srotorodha is caused by vitiated Kapha and Meda - Vata prakopa.
Vata prakopa - Agnidushti, and the cycle continues.
Pitta involvement - Inflammation - NASH- 2nd step.
Extreme Vata prakopa - fibrosis develops, and the condition may advance to Cirrhosis, ascites, and
hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as other metabolic problems.
26. Agnideepana, Rookshana, Srotosodhana, pacification of Kapha, Meda and Vata should be the first line
of treatment in the management of Fatty Liver.
Here, the treatment principle adopted is almost similar to that of Sthaulya.
The probable treatment for Steatohepatitis includes:
"ushnam kaphamedoharam vyasaharam rasayanam"
Treatment protocol:
● Dipana-pachana-rukshana
● Snehapana
● Vamana,
● Virechana,
● Basti
● Rasayana prayoga
When the fatty liver reaches the next stage and the Dhatus get engaged, therapy should focus on the
purification of Rasa and Rakta, as well as Yakritshothahara.
27. Shodhana
● Pachana - Panchakola churna 5 gm twice a day before food. Arogyavardhini
vati 250mg twice a day after day (srotoshodhana).
● Snehana - Mahatiktaka ghrita/Panchatiktaka ghrita 10ml thrice a day before
food. Panchatiktaghrita formulation is Medanashana and Lekhana.
● VIRECHANA - Avipatti, Erandataila, Trivrit Avaleha, Misraka sneha etc.
SHAMANA
● Kashaya - Vasaguduchyadi, Phalatrikadi, Drakshadi, Patola
Katurohinyadi
● Arishta - Sudarshanaarishta, Rohitakarishta, Pippalyasava,
Bringarajasava.
● Churna - Hinguvachadi, Vaiswanara etc.
28. ALD TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA
Ayurveda treatment includes nidanaparivarjana, Vyadhipratyanikaaushadhis,
hepatoprotectives, Virechana drugs, use of Pathyapathya, dietetics, Rasayana ,
Nutritives, Pittaharadravyaprayoga, daily walking, changing lifestyle and practice
of Yogasanas and Pranayama.
Medicines having following properties:
Pittahara - Kharjuradimantha , Shadangapaniya, Usheerasava
Tiktarasayukta - Bhunimbadikashaya, Mahatiktakakashaya, Guduchyadikashaya
Mruduvirechana - Haritakichoorna, Triphalachoorna, Trivrutchoorna.
Brimhana & ojaskara - Kooshmandavaleha, Shatavariguda, Balarishtam,
Aswagandharishta etc.
Rasayana - Arogyavardhini rasa, Shatavariguda, Drakshadi lehya etc.