HERBS USED IN LIVER DISEASES

1. 1

2.  10% of world population are affected with
Various types of liver diseases.
 60,000 death due to Hepatitis B annually and
more than 170 million people having
infections with hepatitis C virus.
2

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
◦ Yakrit
◦ Liver
◦ Functions of Liver
2. YAKRIT VIKARA
◦ Samprapti Of Kamala And Udara Roga
◦ Liver Diseases
◦ Manifestation Of Liver Diseases
◦ Liver Toxicity
◦ Mechanism Of Hepatotoxicity
◦ Markers Of Hepatotoxicity
3. DRUGS USED IN YAKRIT VIKARA
◦ Classification Of Drugs Used In Liver Diseases
◦ Drugs Description
4. DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCES
3

4. 4
INTRODUCTION

5.  Yakrit (Liver) and Pleeha are formed by Rakta
in Garbha. (Su.Sh. 4/25)
 Charak has mentioned 15 koshthanga, Yakrit
is one of them. (Ch. Sh. 7/12)
 Yakrit and Pleeha are moola of Raktavaha
srotas. (Ch. Vi. 5/9 , Su. Sh.9/)
5

6. 6

7. 7

8. 8
•Three zones with zone 1
high oxygenation and zone 3
prone for hypoxic injury.
•It is here all reactions in the
liver taking place.
•Zone 1 periportal region, all
reactions in
biotransformation is here
esp. cyt P450 enzyme based.

9. 9

10. In classics special topics for Yakrit vikara is not
mentioned but in different contest of Nidana
and chikitsha following types of vikaras are
mentioned related to Yakrit-
◦ Yakridalyudara (Su.Ni. 7/16)
◦ Kamala ( Ch.Chi. 16/34-36)
◦ Kumbh Kamala (Ch.Chi. 16/37-38)
◦ Hallimaka (Su.U.44/14, Ma.Ni. 8/22-23)
◦ Lagharak/Laghawak alsak (Su.U.44/13)
◦ Panaki (Vangasen)
10

11. पाण्डुरोगी तु योऽत्यर्थं पपत्तलानि निषेवते |
तस्य पपत्तमसृङमाांसां दग्ध्वा रोगाय कल्पते ||१६||
हाररद्रिेत्रः स भृशां हाररद्रत्वङिखाििः |
रक्तपीतशकृ न्मूत्रो भेकवर्णो हतेन्द्न्द्रयः ||१७||
दाहापवपाकदौर्बल्यसदिारुचिकपषबतः |
कामला र्हुपपत्तैषा कोष्ठशाखाश्रया मता ||१८||
(ि. चि. अ. १६)
रुद्ध्वा स्वेदाम्र्ुवाहीनि दोषाः स्रोताांसस सन्द्चिताः |
प्रार्णाग्धन्यपािाि ् सन्दूष्य जियन्त्युदरां िृर्णाम ् ||२||
(ि. चि. अ. १३)
11

12. Patient suffering from Pandu
Pitta aggavating Aahara and vihara
Aggravation of Pitta
Burns Rakta and Mamsa
Destroys Rakta and Mamsa
Kamala not treated deep seated Kumbh kamala
Lagharak
Hallimak

13. 13
Dosha prakopak Ahara/Vihara
Agnimandyata
Improper digestion
Dosh sanchaya in Udara pradesh
Vitiation of Pranvayu, Pachakagni, Apana vayu
Urdhwa andAdhomarga avarodha
Produces Adhman in Kukshi pradesh
Udara Roga

14.  प्लीहोदरमाह– प्लीहेत्यादद| असृक्कफश्िेत्यसृग्धदुष््यैव
तत्तुल्यकारर्णतया पपत्तदुन्द्ष्िरप्युच्यते, पवदादहिा रक्तां
पपत्तां ि दूष्यते; अत एव पश्िात् वक्ष्यनत–
“कफपपत्तसलङगैरुपद्रुतः” इनत| अत्र पपत्तस्य सलङगां
मन्दज्वरः, कफस्य सलङगां मन्दान्द्ग्धित्वसमनत गदाधरः|
प्लीहोदर एव यकृ द्धदाल्युदरस्यावरोधां दशबयन्िाह–
सव्यान्यपाश्वब इत्यादद| सव्यान्यपाश्वे दक्षिर्णपाश्वे|
तदेवेनत तादृशमेव, प्लीहोदरसममेव; ि
पवलिर्णसमत्यर्थबः| यकृ द्धदालयनत दोषैभेदयतीनत
यकृ द्धदाल्युदरम ्||
(Ma. Ni. 35/15-17)
14

15.  Acute Liver Diseases
1. Viral Hepatitis
2. Liver abscess
3. Toxin or Drugs induced Hepatitis
4. Acute Liver failure
15

16.  Chronic Liver Diseases
1. Chronic Hepatitis
2. Alcohol induced hepatitis and Liver
diseases
1. Cirrhosis of Liver
2. Drugs induced Hepatitis
3. Portal Hypertension
4. Hepatic Vascular damage
5. Hepatic encephalopathy
6. Metabolic disorders e.g. Wilson’s disease
16

17.  Autoimmune Liver disorders
1. Primary biliary cirrhosis
2. Primary sclerosing cholangitis
3. Autoimmune hepatitis
 Genetic Diseases
1. Hemochromatosis
2. Wilson's disease
3. deficiency of Alpha-1 antitrypsin
17

18.  Liver Tumour
 Fibrocystic Diseases of Liver
 Obstruction in Hepatobiliary Tract
1. Tumors
2. Gallbladder stones
3. inflammation
4. physical injury
5. Budd-Chiari Syndrome
18

19. 19

20.  The main causes of liver damage are
◦ The major cause in India is ethanol and it is suspected that
more than half of the cases of hepatotoxicity is caused by
alcohol.
◦ Chemicals like carbon tetrachloride CCL4, phosphorous ,
aflatoxins, chlorinated hydrocarbon etc
◦ Drugs i.e. DILI ( drugs induced liver injury )
◦ Autoimmune disorders
◦ Infections like viral hepatitis
20

21.  Most of the hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver
cells mainly by inducing lipid per oxidation and
other oxidative damages in liver.
 By forming the reactive free oxygen radicals which
directly induces hepatotoxicity
 Increasing the apoptosis
 Reducing Glutathione stores an antioxidant of
human body
21

22.  Aspartate Serum Transferase (AST) or SGOT
 Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) or SGPT
 Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
 Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
 Total Bilirubin (TB)
 Total protein (TP),
 Triglycerides (TG)
 Gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) levels
22

23. 1.KAMALA 2. HALLIMAKA 3. YAKRITA VRIDDHI 4. PITTASARAKA
 Amalaki . Guduchi - Haritaki - Daruharidra
 Ankota - Mustaka - Kalmegha - Apamarga
 Apamarga - etc. - Kakmachi - Dugdhapheni
 Arka - Katuka - Damanaka etc.
 Bhumyalaki - Kumari etc.
 Bilva
 Danti
 Daruharidra 5. YAKRITAVIKARAHARA
 Dronpushpi - Daruharidra
 Guduchi - Apamarga
 Haridra - Bhunimba
 Haritaki - Kasani
 Ikshu - Parijaat etc.
 Indravarui
 Jimuta
 Kakadani
 Karkota
 Kumari
 Katuka
 Trivrita etc.
23

24.  COMPOUND FORMULATIONS
1. Pippali Ghritam
2. Rohitaka Ghritam
3. Rohitkadi Churnam
4. Pippali Chitraka Ghritam
5. Dadimayadi Ghrit
6. Nawayas churna
7. Darvyadi leha
8. Bijakarista
9. Yakritpleehari Lauha
10. Rohitakarista Bhaishajya Ratnawali
24
CHAKRADUTTA-38
Chapter
Charak Samhita
Chikitsa sthan -16

25. The Herbs used in Liver disorders can be classified as
follows-
1. Anti-Hepatotoxic agents- generally antagonize the
effects of any hepatotoxins causing hepatitis or any
liver disorders.
2. Hepatotropic agents- generally support or promote the
healing process of the liver.
3. Hepatoprotective agents- prevent various types of liver
affections prophylactically.
25

26. 26
Drugs used in Yakrit
Vikaras(Liver Disorders)

27. Family- Combretaceae
Guna- Laghu, Ruksha
Ras- Pancharasa(lavan varjit), Kashaya Pradhan
Vipaka- Madura
Virya- Ushna
Prabhav- Tridoshahara
Karma related- Kamalahara, Pliha & Yakrit Rogahara
Ref.- B.P.N. Haritkyadi Varga-22
Phytoconstituents- Tannin, Chebulic acid, Chebulinic acid, Gallic
acids, Chebulagic acid, Anthrocine glycoside etc.
27

28. Name of Journal-Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 20:402–420,
2014
Name of Author- Reddy P. Nishanth,1 Tammineni Prasad, Radhika G. Jyotsna,
Pratap K. REDDY, And PALLU REDDANNA
CONSLUSION-
 Pre-administration of 50 mg/kg TCE along with 25
mg/kg 2-AAF inhibited the expression of MDR1 by
preventing ROS generation and COX-2 expression
through Akt and MAPK signaling pathway and prevent
the possible neoplastic transformation leading to
hepatocarcinoma.
28

29. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of
Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz ) ; An
Experimental Study
Joshi Vilaxana, SDMCAH, 2014.
 The study was concluded as Haritaki Churna
at therapeutic dose exhibited significant
hepatoprotective activity.
29

30. Family- Menispermaceae
Guna- Guru, Snigdha
Rasa- Tikta, Kashaya
Vipaka- Madhura
Virya- Ushna
Doshakarma- Tridoshashamaka
Related Karma- Kamalahara, Panduhara,
Pittasaraka(PVS)
Reference- BPN Guduchyadi Varga-10,
Shaka Varga-42
Phytoconstituents- Giloin,Tinosporide, cordifolide,
Tinosporon, cordifol, Hepatocosanol beta sitosterol
etc.
30

31. Name of Journal- Toxicology International Jan-Jun 2010 / Vol-17 / Issue-1
Name of Authors- V. Sharma, D. Pandey
Conclusion-
1. Administration of aqueous stem extract and
aqueous leaves extract along with the lead
nitrate increased the activities of SOD and CAT
and decreased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and
ACP enzymes in mice.
31

32. An Experimental study on the Hepatoprotective
Activity of Guduchi ( Tinospora cordifolia (Willd)
Miers ex Hook. F& Thoms) Patra Swarasa
Dr. Chandra Kishore Yadav, SDMCAH, 2017
32

33. Family- Euphorbiaceae
Guna- Snigdha, Tikshna, Sukshma
Rasa- Madhura, Anurasa Katu,
Kashaya
Vipaka- Madhura
Virya- Ushna
Doshakarma- Kaphavatashamaka
Related Karma- Yakrit-Pleehahara
Reference- BPN Guduchyadi Varga-65-66
Phytoconstituents- fixed oil, Starch, Albumin,
Ricin, etc.
33

34. Name of Journal- International Journal of Applied Research 2016; 2(6): 397-
404
Name of Authors- N Santhosh Kumar, V Sathish Reddy, Asish Bhaumik, Dr.
Monica Chopra, A Gopi Reddy and Kolavali Yalla Reddy
Conclusion-
EE-CS had the ability to restore and regenerate
the CCl4 induced hepatocytes due to the
presence of bioactive molecule rodoxanthine.
34

35. Family- Cucurbitaceae
Guna- Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna
Rasa- Tikta
Vipaka- Katu
Virya- Ushna
Doshakarma- Kaphapittahara
Related Karma- Kamalahara, (Yakriduttejaka,
Rechaka-P.N.)
Reference- BPN Guduchyadi Varga- 204-205
Phytoconstituents- Colocynthin, Cucurbitacin B
A- elaterin, Hentriacontane flavanoids, terpenoids,
alkaloids, anthranol etc.
35

36. Name of Journal- Journal of Experimental Sciences 2012, 3(9): 43-45
Name of Authors- Alok Mukerjee, Shanti Bhushan Mishra and
Shubhini Saraf
Conclusion-
1. Toluene fraction derived from extract and on
purification led to the isolation of 2 pure compounds
– Cucurbitacin B and Colocynthin. These two
compounds showed promising activity in CCl4 model
at 50 mg/kg dose level.
36

37. Latin name- Tephrosia purpurea Pers.
Family- Fabaceae
Guna- Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna
Rasa- Tikta, Kashaya
Vipaka- Katu
Virya- Ushna
Doshakarma- Kaphavatashamaka
Prabhava- Pleehaghna
Related Karma- Yakritpleehahara, Pittasarka
Reference- BPN Guduchyadi Varga- 210
Phytoconstituents- Tephrorins A and B, tephrosone,
Nitrogen, Potassium, Rutin, Rotenoid etc.
37

38. Name of Journal- Indian Journal of Pharmacology | April 2014 | Vol 46 | Issue
2
Name of Authors- Ravuri Halley Gora, Sushma Lalita Baxla, Priscilla Kerketta,
Subhasree Patnaik, Birendra Kumar Roy
Conclusion-
1. Tephrosia purpurea extract (500 mg/kg) showed
hepatoprotective effect by decreasing lipid
peroxidation and incresing GSH.
38

39. Latin Name- Aloe vera Tourn.ex. Linn.
Family- Liliaceae
Guna- Guru, Snigdha, Pichhila,
Rasa- Tikta
Vipaka- Katu
Virya- Sheeta
Doshakarma- Kaphapittahara
Related Karma- Pleeha and Yakritavriddhihara,
Yakriduttejaka
Reference- BPN Guduchyadi Varga- 230
Phytoconstituents- Anthraquinone glycosides,
aloin-barbaloin, glucosamine, chrysamminic acid
etc.
39

40. Name of Journal- International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Research (IJPSR, 2014; Vol. 5(6): 2479-2485. )
Name of Authors- Shaily Bhatt, Shalini Virani, Monica Sharma, Harshvardhan
Kumar and K.K. Saxena
Conclusion-
1. S. bilirubin, ALT, AST and ALP decreases and there
was improvement in symptoms.
40

41. Latin Name- Leucas cephalotus
Family- Lamiaceae
Guna- Laghu, Ruksha
Rasa- Tikta, Kashaya
Vipaka- Katu
Virya- Ushna
Doshakarma- Kaphavatashamaka, Pittashodhaka
Related Karma- Kamalajeet
Reference- BPN Guduchyadi Varga- 283, Shaka
Varga- 34
Phytoconstituents- Leucasdins A,B,C, Leucastrins
A&B, Oleanolic acid etc.
41

42. Name of Journal- Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4(Suppl 2): S633-
S638
Name of Authors- Bhini Bais*, Payal Saiju
Conclusion-
1. Alcoholic extract of L. cephalotes has significant
hepatoprotective effect against mainly due to
increase in superoxide dismutase, glutathione and
catalase level and decrease in SGPT, SGOT, Alkaline
phosphatase, bilirubin and other biomarkers.
42

43. Latin Name- Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth
Family- Scrophulariaceae
Guna- Ruksha Laghu,
Rasa- Tikta
Vipaka- Katu
Virya- Sheeta
Doshakarma- Kaphapittashamaka
Related Karma- Kamalahara,
Yakriduttejaka, Pittasaraka
Reference- Priya Nighantu,
Shatpushpadi Varga-157-158
Phytoconstituents- Kutkin, Kurrin, Kutkoside,
Kurchin, Vanillic acid etc. 43

44. Name of Journal- Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 2(1), pp. 017-
019, January 2008
Name of Authors- R. Jeyakumar, R. Rajesh, B. Meena1, D.Rajaprabhu1, B.
Ganesan, S. Buddhan, R. Anandan
Conclusion-
1. Co-administration of PK (50mg/kg/day for 45 days)
significantly prevented antitubercular drugs-induced
alterations by decreasing lipid peroxidation and
increasing Glutathione and maintained the rats at near
normal status.
44

45. Latin Name- Andrographis paniculata Nees.
Family- Acanthaceae
Guna- Laghu, Ruksha,
Tikshna
Rasa- Tikta
Vipaka- Katu
Virya- Ushna
Doshakarma- Kaphapittashamaka
Related Karma- Yakrit Rogahara, Yakriduttejaka,
Pittasaraka
Reference- Priya Nighantu,
Shatpushpadi Varga- 136
Phytoconstituents- Andrographolide, Kalmeghin
etc.
45

46. Name of Journal- Food and Chemical Toxicology 49 (2011) 3367–3373
Name of Authors- R. Nagalekshmi , Aditya Menon , Dhanya K. Chandrasekharan ,
Cherupally Krishnan Krishnan Nair
Conclusion- .
 Hepatoprotective activity is due to reduced LPO,
increased SOD, GSH, GPx and decrease in SGOT, SGPT,
Alkaline Phosphatase etc.
46

47.  Name of Journal- Med Aromat Plants .Volume 1 • Issue 5 • p-1-4
 Name of Author- Nikolay A. Spiridonov
 Conclusion-
1. Andrographolide is a one of the secondary
metabolic compound with cholagogue and
choleretic activity.
47

48. Latin Name- Piper longum Linn.
Family- Piperaceae
Guna- Tikshna, Laghu, Snigdha
Rasa- Katu
Vipaka- Madhura
Virya- Anushna
Doshakarma- Kaphavatashamaka
Related Karma- Yakrit Rogahara,
Yakriduttejaka
Reference- Chakradutta 16/25
Phytoconstituents- Piperine, Piplartine,
Pipernonaline etc.
48

49. Name of Journal- Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y
Aromáticas Vol. 8 (2) 2009 | 122
Name of Authors- Jagruti A. PATEL* & Urvi S. SHAH
Conclusion-
 CCl4 intoxicated animals show extensive necrosis,
inflammation and infiltration by lymphocytes. In the Piper
longum treated group the areas of regeneration are seen
around the necrotic focus.
 P. longum milk extract increases SOD and decreases lipid
peroxidation
49

50. Latin Name- Tecomella undulata
Family- Bignoniaceae
Guna- Laghu, Ruksha
Rasa- Katu, Kashaya
Vipaka- Katu
Virya- Sheeta
Prabhava- Pleehaghna
Doshakarma- Kaphapittashamaka
Related Karma- Kamala-Pleeharogahara, Pittasravaka
Reference- Ch.Chi. 16, Dh. Ni.-
Phytoconstituents- The bark contains β-sitosterols,
iridoid glucosides, tecomelloside, rutin,
quercetin,luteolin-7-glycoside and β-sitosterol
Tecomin etc, 50

51.  Name of Journal- Life Sciences and Medicine Research, Volume 2011:
LSMR-26
 Name of Authors- D Singh, RS Gupta
 Conclusion-
1. The supplementation of T. undulata extract restored the depleted
SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx contents near normalcy and also brought
down to elevated levels of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and total bilirubin.
These biochemical restorations may be due to the inhibitory effects
on cytochrome P-450 or /and promotion of its glucuronidation.
51

52. Family- Asteraceae
Guna- Ruksha, Laghu
Rasa- Katu, Kashaya
Vipaka- Katu
Virya- Ushna
Doshakarma- Kaphavatashamaka
Related Karma- Yakriduttejaka
Reference- P.N.
Phytoconstituents- Ecliptine, Phytosterol- A, Beta
amyrin etc.
52

53.  International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology | May-June
2015 | Vol 4 | Issue 3 Page 404-409
 Ravindra S. Beedimani1*, Shivkumar Shetkar2
 Conclusion
1. Aqueous extract of E. alba is act as a free radical
scavenger thereby preventing lipid peroxidation
by its anti-oxidant property and a stimulatory
effect on hepatic regeneration.
53

54. Family- Euphorbiaceae
Guna- Laghu, Ruksha
Rasa- Tikta, Kashaya, Madhura
Vipaka- Madhura
Virya- Sheeta
Doshakarma- Kaphapittashamaka
Related Karma- Kamalahara
Reference- P.N.
Phytoconstituents- Phyllinthin, Hypophyllanthin,
Phyllnirium etc.
54

55.  Indian journal of Experimental Biology , Vol-46, July 2008, pp. 514-
520
 A P Manjrekar et al.
 Conclusion-
1. Phyllanthes niruri extrats increased the level of
GSH and having antioxidant property showed
significant hepatoprotective effect.
55

56.  Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USAVol. 84, pp. 274-278, January 1987Medical
Sciences
 P. S. VENKATESWARAN*, I. MILLMAN, AND B. S. BLUMBERG
 Conclusion-
1. P. niruri has profound effects in vitro on HBsAg, on
woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen
(WHsAg), and on the DNAp of both viruses and in
vivo on the replication of WHV and on liver
histopathology.
56

57. S.
No
.
Name of
Drug
Doshkarma Karma Major
Phytoconstit
uent
Mechanism of
action
1. Terminalia
chebula
Tridoshahara Kamalahara,
Anulomana,
Doshasamsho
dhaka
Chebulagic
acid
preventing ROS
generation and
COX-2
expression
2. Tinospora
cordifolia
Tridosha-
shamaka
Pittasaraka
Kamalahara
Giloyin incresing SOD
and CAT.
3. Ricinus
communis
Kaphavata-
shamaka
Pittashamaka
due to
madhura
vipaka, Taila
is Virechaka
rodoxanthine Increasing GSH,
Regenaration of
Necrosed part
4 Citrullus
colocynthus
Kaphapittahara Kamalahara,
Yakridutteja
ka, Rechaka
Cucurbitin-B,
Colocynthin
Reducing Lipid
peroxidation,
increases GSH
5. Tephrosia
purpurea
Kapha-
vatashamaka
Yakritpleeha
hara,
Pittasarka
Tephrorins A
and B,
tephrosone
decreasing lipid
peroxidation and
incresing GSH. 57

58. S.
No
.
Name of
Drug
Doshakarma Karma Major
Phytoconstitu
ents
Mechanism
of action
6. Aloe vera Kapha-
pittahara
Yakrit-
doshahara
Anthraquinone Dicreases
S.bilirubin,
ALT, AST,
ALP
7. Leucas
cephalotus
Kapha-
vatashamaka
Pittashodhaka
Kamalajeet Leucasdins
A,B,C
Increase in
superoxide
dismutase,
glutathione
and catalase
level
8. Picrorrhiza
kurroa
Kapha-
pittashamaka
Kamalahara,
Yakriduttejaka,
Pittasaraka
Kutkoside,
Kutkin
Decrease in
lipid-
peroxidation
9. Andrographis
paniculata
Kapha-
pittashamaka
Yakrit
Rogahara,
Yakriduttejaka
, Pittasaraka
Andrographolide reduced LPO,
increased
SOD, GSH,
GPx 58

59. S.No
.
Name of
Drug
Doshakarma Karma Major
Phytoconstituen
t
Mechanism
of action
10. Piper longum Kapha-
vatashamaka
Yakritrogahara
Yakriduttejaka
Piperine,
Piplartine
Increases
SOD and
decreases
lipid
peroxidation
11. Tecomella
undulata
Kapha-
pittashamaka
Kamalahara,
Pittasravaka
Tecomelloside
, Rutin
Inhibitory effects
on cytochrome P-
450 , promotion
of its
glucuronidation
12. Eclipta alba Kapha-
Vatashamaka
Yakriduttejaka Ecliptine preventing
lipid
peroxidation
13. Phyllanthes
niruri
Kapha-
Pittashamaka
Kamalahara Phyllinthine Increses GSH
59

60.  Yakrit is mentioned as Kosthanga and it is also mentioned as
moola of Raktavaha and its position is in Dakshin Parsha as
mentioned in Ayurvedic classics.
 According to modern Anatomy Yakrit is non other than Liver.
 Various Yakrit Vikaras are mentioned in Ayurvedic classics like
Yaokrilyodara, Kamala, Kumbhaka, Hallimaka, etc. All of them are
interrelated and can be correlated with Hepatomegaly, Ascites,
Jaundice etc. in contemporary science.
 There are various types of Liver diseases broadly classified as
Acute Parenchymal diseases, Chronic Liver diseases, Autoimmune,
Genetic, Neoplasm, Drug induced and Diseases due to
Hepatobilliary obstruction.
60

61.  Various biological, physical and chemical agents act as
Hepatotoxins and produces Liver diseases.
 Hepatotoxins act mainly due to inducing Lipid per
oxidative damage, forming free oxygen radicals,
increasing apoptosis and reducing Glutathione in liver.
 Hepatoprotective drugs are the drugs which prevent
liver diseases. Large number of drugs obtained from
plant are endowed with hepatoprotective claims either
directly or indirectly.
61

62.  Hepatoprotective effects of herbal formulations as well as
allopathic are studied against various toxic chemicals like alcohol
CCl4, β-Galactosamine, Thioacetamide, Paracetamol, Nimusalide,
Isoniazid, Rifampicin at different dose with variant time duration
which may be in-vitro or in-vivo.
 MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HERBAL DRUGS IN LIVER DISEASES
1. The mechanisms include an increase in antioxidant
level/decrease in oxidants (ROS formation), inhibition of
cytochrome P450, increase and decrease level of Liver enzymes,
reduced peroxidation / Lipid peroxidation and increase in level
of glutathione.
62

63. 2. Yakrit is moola of Raktavahasrotas, Rakta and Pitta has Ashraya
Ashrayee relationship so mostly Yakrit Vikaras are occurred due
to viatiation of Pitta.
3. Most of the drugs mentioned for Yakrit Vikara having
Pittashamaka action either due to tikta, kashaya rasas or
Madhura Vipaka or Sheeta Virya.
4. The dugs like Rohitaka and Sharpunkha has Pleehaghna prabhava
also beneficial in liver disorders as mentioned by Charaka that
all drugs and treatment procedures for Yakrit is similar to that of
Pleeha. 63

64. 5.The Deepan and virechak drugs used for the
management of chronic liver disease can regulate and
strengthen the liver and gastrointestinal system. The
regulation of gastrointestinal system may improve the
general well-being of the patients, and the
improvement of the constipation may prevent the
absorption of harmful substances and indirectly
decrease ascites.
64

65. 6. Plant secondary metabolic compounds with the
cholagogue and choleretic mode of action are
important therapeutic agents for the treatment of
cholestasis and hepatobiliary disorders, which may
be substantiated with Pittarechaka and
Yakridutejaka karma.
 Several phytomolecules including flavonoids,
alkaloids, glycosides and saponins obtained from
various plant sources have been reported as potent
hepatoprotective agents. 65

66.  Yakrit (Liver) is a major vital organ having
different important functions and prone to
various type of disorders due to various
biological, physical, chemical and genetic factors.
 Yakrit Vikara is a group of diseases related with
liver.
 The drugs used for Yakrit Vikara are basically
Pittashamaka, Pittasamshodaka in nature.
66

67.  The herbs described in classics are established as
hepatoprotective, Anti-hepatotoxic and Hepatotropic
by various experimental and clinical studies
 The herbs mainly produce hepatoprotective action
by anti-oxidant properties as well as increasing
Glutathione, reducing lipid peroxidation and
inhibiting Cytochrome P450.
 Pittarechaka and Yakridotejaka drugs are effective by
their cholagogue and choleretic activity.
67

68.  Charaka Samhita
 Sushruta Samhita
 Madhava Nidana
 Davidson’s Principle and Practice of Medicine
 A text book of Dravya Guna Vigyan, Vol.2-3-by
Prof. Dr. P.L. Hegde, Dr. Harini A. V
 Dravya Guna Vigyan Vol.1-3 – by Dr. Gyanendra
Pandey
 Dravya Guna Vigyan Vol-2- by PV Sharma
 Google scholars
 Online journals
68

69. 69